IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2021-CP-01091-COA
RENARDO TOWNSEND A/K/A RENARDO APPELLANT EUGENE TOWNSEND
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 09/01/2021 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DEWEY KEY ARTHUR COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: RENARDO TOWNSEND (PRO SE) ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: CASEY BONNER FARMER NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 08/09/2022 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE WILSON, P.J., McCARTY AND SMITH, JJ.
McCARTY, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. An inmate appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion for post-conviction relief.
Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. In 2018, Renardo Townsend was indicted as a non-violent habitual offender. His
indictment contained two counts. Count I was for one count of selling less than two grams
of cocaine within 1,500 feet of a church. Count II was for one count of conspiracy to sell
less than 2 grams of cocaine.
¶3. Townsend entered a guilty plea to both counts. In exchange for his plea, the State recommended the trial court drop Count II of the indictment.
¶4. Townsend was sworn in to testify, and during his plea colloquy, the following
interaction occurred between him and the trial court:
Q: Did you read and sign your petition to enter a guilty plea? A: Yes. Q: Is everything in it true and correct? A: Yes. Q: Have you had an opportunity to fully discuss with your attorney . . . all facts and circumstances relating to the crime you’re pleading guilty to? A: Yes. .... Q: After your discussions with your attorney, are you the one that decided to plea guilty? A: Yes, sir. Q: Are you telling the Court that you’re freely and voluntarily admitting your guilt to the crime you’re pleading guilty to? A: Yes, sir. .... Q: Are you satisfied with your attorney’s representation of you? A: Yes, sir. Q: Do you have any complaints you wish to make about him? A: No, sir.
¶5. The trial court agreed to a nolle prosequi of the conspiracy charge. For his guilty plea
to the sale of cocaine and the resulting conviction, Townsend was sentenced to serve eight
years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections as a non-violent habitual
offender.
¶6. About two years later, Townsend timely filed a motion for post-conviction relief. He
argued he was denied effective assistance of counsel, claiming his trial counsel was so
deficient “as to deny him his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel.”
Townsend provided only his affidavit to support his allegations. The trial court denied
2 Townsend relief, and he timely appealed.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶7. “When reviewing a trial court’s denial or dismissal of a PCR motion, we will only
disturb the trial court’s factual findings if they are clearly erroneous; however, we review the
trial court’s legal conclusions under a de novo standard of review.” Bass v. State, 237 So.
3d 172, 173 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017). “This Court reviews the dismissal of a PCR petition
for abuse of discretion.” Harris v. State, 303 So. 3d 1, 4 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020).
DISCUSSION
¶8. Townsend challenges the denial of his PCR motion, arguing he was denied effective
assistance of counsel. He has four arguments related to this point. First, he contends that his
counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge the “defective indictment.” Secondly, he
argues that his counsel was deficient for waiving a pre-sentence report. He then claims his
counsel errantly “said nothing” while his “rights were being violated.” Lastly, he argues that
his counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge his non-violent habitual-offender status.
I. Townsend waived his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim.
¶9. Because Townsend plead guilty, we must first determine if he waived any claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel.
¶10. “A voluntary guilty plea waives claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, except
insofar as the alleged ineffectiveness relates to the voluntariness of the giving of the guilty
plea.” Thomas v. State, 159 So. 3d 1212, 1215 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (internal
quotations omitted). So Townsend “must demonstrate that his counsel’s conduct proximately
3 resulted in the guilty plea, and that but for counsel’s errors, he would not have entered the
plea.” Id.
¶11. Additionally, “trial courts may place great emphasis upon declarations made under
oath by a petitioner for post-conviction relief in open court during the taking of guilty pleas
and sentencing.” Hickerson v. State, 336 So. 3d 1134, 1146 (¶36) (Miss. Ct. App. 2022).
“[S]olemn declarations in open court carry a strong presumption of verity.” Id.
¶12. Townsend was sworn in before his plea colloquy. During his plea, Townsend
repeatedly answered “yes, sir” when asked if he freely and voluntarily admitted his guilt. He
swore under oath he was satisfied with his counsel and had no complaints as to his
performance. By pleading guilty, Townsend waived any claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel.
¶13. Furthermore, Townsend did not support his claims of ineffective assistance of counsel
with any affidavits other than his own, which does not meet the standard of our precedent.
Id. at 1142 (¶20) (holding that a petitioner’s claim for ineffective assistance “must be
supported by affidavits other than his own”). We affirm the trial court’s order denying his
PCR motion.
II. Townsend’s indictment was not facially defective.
¶14. Even if Townsend’s guilty plea had not waived his claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, his arguments would not pass muster. He argues the conspiracy charge of his
indictment was facially “defective” as a result of naming an unidentified confidential
informant as his co-conspirator.
4 ¶15. Yet his argument runs directly counter to a recent decision by our Supreme Court.
Conspiracy to commit a criminal act is prohibited by state law. Miss. Code Ann. § 97-1-1
(Rev. 2020). “[I]t is crystal clear the legislature’s 2007 amendment to Section 97-1-1(2)
criminalized unilateral conspiracies.” Henderson v. State, 323 So. 3d 1020, 1026 (¶16)
(Miss. 2021). Further, “[i]t is now a statutory felony offense if a person voluntarily and
willfully enters into a criminal conspiracy with a law-enforcement officer or informant and
that person was not entrapped.” Id. (internal quotations omitted); see also Arnold v. State,
312 So. 3d 748, 750-51 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2021) (holding that an indictment was not
defective because of an unindicted confidential informant). Therefore, the unilateral
indictment for conspiracy followed precedent.
¶16. Even if the conspiracy count of the indictment were “defective,” it was nolle
prosequied by the trial court. He could not have been prejudiced by the conspiracy count
because he was not convicted of it.
III. A pre-sentence report was not required.
¶17. Next, Townsend contends his counsel should not have waived his pre-sentence report.
He argues the trial court “must file” a pre-sentence report.
¶18.
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2021-CP-01091-COA
RENARDO TOWNSEND A/K/A RENARDO APPELLANT EUGENE TOWNSEND
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 09/01/2021 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DEWEY KEY ARTHUR COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: MADISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: RENARDO TOWNSEND (PRO SE) ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL BY: CASEY BONNER FARMER NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 08/09/2022 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE WILSON, P.J., McCARTY AND SMITH, JJ.
McCARTY, J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. An inmate appeals the trial court’s denial of his motion for post-conviction relief.
Finding no error, we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. In 2018, Renardo Townsend was indicted as a non-violent habitual offender. His
indictment contained two counts. Count I was for one count of selling less than two grams
of cocaine within 1,500 feet of a church. Count II was for one count of conspiracy to sell
less than 2 grams of cocaine.
¶3. Townsend entered a guilty plea to both counts. In exchange for his plea, the State recommended the trial court drop Count II of the indictment.
¶4. Townsend was sworn in to testify, and during his plea colloquy, the following
interaction occurred between him and the trial court:
Q: Did you read and sign your petition to enter a guilty plea? A: Yes. Q: Is everything in it true and correct? A: Yes. Q: Have you had an opportunity to fully discuss with your attorney . . . all facts and circumstances relating to the crime you’re pleading guilty to? A: Yes. .... Q: After your discussions with your attorney, are you the one that decided to plea guilty? A: Yes, sir. Q: Are you telling the Court that you’re freely and voluntarily admitting your guilt to the crime you’re pleading guilty to? A: Yes, sir. .... Q: Are you satisfied with your attorney’s representation of you? A: Yes, sir. Q: Do you have any complaints you wish to make about him? A: No, sir.
¶5. The trial court agreed to a nolle prosequi of the conspiracy charge. For his guilty plea
to the sale of cocaine and the resulting conviction, Townsend was sentenced to serve eight
years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections as a non-violent habitual
offender.
¶6. About two years later, Townsend timely filed a motion for post-conviction relief. He
argued he was denied effective assistance of counsel, claiming his trial counsel was so
deficient “as to deny him his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel.”
Townsend provided only his affidavit to support his allegations. The trial court denied
2 Townsend relief, and he timely appealed.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶7. “When reviewing a trial court’s denial or dismissal of a PCR motion, we will only
disturb the trial court’s factual findings if they are clearly erroneous; however, we review the
trial court’s legal conclusions under a de novo standard of review.” Bass v. State, 237 So.
3d 172, 173 (¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017). “This Court reviews the dismissal of a PCR petition
for abuse of discretion.” Harris v. State, 303 So. 3d 1, 4 (¶9) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020).
DISCUSSION
¶8. Townsend challenges the denial of his PCR motion, arguing he was denied effective
assistance of counsel. He has four arguments related to this point. First, he contends that his
counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge the “defective indictment.” Secondly, he
argues that his counsel was deficient for waiving a pre-sentence report. He then claims his
counsel errantly “said nothing” while his “rights were being violated.” Lastly, he argues that
his counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge his non-violent habitual-offender status.
I. Townsend waived his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim.
¶9. Because Townsend plead guilty, we must first determine if he waived any claim of
ineffective assistance of counsel.
¶10. “A voluntary guilty plea waives claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, except
insofar as the alleged ineffectiveness relates to the voluntariness of the giving of the guilty
plea.” Thomas v. State, 159 So. 3d 1212, 1215 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2015) (internal
quotations omitted). So Townsend “must demonstrate that his counsel’s conduct proximately
3 resulted in the guilty plea, and that but for counsel’s errors, he would not have entered the
plea.” Id.
¶11. Additionally, “trial courts may place great emphasis upon declarations made under
oath by a petitioner for post-conviction relief in open court during the taking of guilty pleas
and sentencing.” Hickerson v. State, 336 So. 3d 1134, 1146 (¶36) (Miss. Ct. App. 2022).
“[S]olemn declarations in open court carry a strong presumption of verity.” Id.
¶12. Townsend was sworn in before his plea colloquy. During his plea, Townsend
repeatedly answered “yes, sir” when asked if he freely and voluntarily admitted his guilt. He
swore under oath he was satisfied with his counsel and had no complaints as to his
performance. By pleading guilty, Townsend waived any claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel.
¶13. Furthermore, Townsend did not support his claims of ineffective assistance of counsel
with any affidavits other than his own, which does not meet the standard of our precedent.
Id. at 1142 (¶20) (holding that a petitioner’s claim for ineffective assistance “must be
supported by affidavits other than his own”). We affirm the trial court’s order denying his
PCR motion.
II. Townsend’s indictment was not facially defective.
¶14. Even if Townsend’s guilty plea had not waived his claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, his arguments would not pass muster. He argues the conspiracy charge of his
indictment was facially “defective” as a result of naming an unidentified confidential
informant as his co-conspirator.
4 ¶15. Yet his argument runs directly counter to a recent decision by our Supreme Court.
Conspiracy to commit a criminal act is prohibited by state law. Miss. Code Ann. § 97-1-1
(Rev. 2020). “[I]t is crystal clear the legislature’s 2007 amendment to Section 97-1-1(2)
criminalized unilateral conspiracies.” Henderson v. State, 323 So. 3d 1020, 1026 (¶16)
(Miss. 2021). Further, “[i]t is now a statutory felony offense if a person voluntarily and
willfully enters into a criminal conspiracy with a law-enforcement officer or informant and
that person was not entrapped.” Id. (internal quotations omitted); see also Arnold v. State,
312 So. 3d 748, 750-51 (¶7) (Miss. Ct. App. 2021) (holding that an indictment was not
defective because of an unindicted confidential informant). Therefore, the unilateral
indictment for conspiracy followed precedent.
¶16. Even if the conspiracy count of the indictment were “defective,” it was nolle
prosequied by the trial court. He could not have been prejudiced by the conspiracy count
because he was not convicted of it.
III. A pre-sentence report was not required.
¶17. Next, Townsend contends his counsel should not have waived his pre-sentence report.
He argues the trial court “must file” a pre-sentence report.
¶18. However, the Mississippi Rules of Criminal Procedure state “a pre-sentence
investigation may be conducted and a report thereof shall be required for cases where the
court has discretion in imposition of sentence.” MRCrP 26.3 (emphasis added).
Furthermore, our Supreme Court has held “[t]he decision to conduct a pre-sentencing
investigation is within the discretion of the trial court and is not mandatory.” Ivory v. State,
5 840 So. 2d 755, 759 (¶11) (Miss. 2003). Despite Townsend’s claim, the report was not
necessary.
¶19. Additionally, the State recommended a sentence which the trial court accepted.
Townsend knew of this recommendation in advance of his sentencing. The pre-sentencing
was not necessary—rather, it was merely discretionary and dependent on the trial court’s
decision. There was no error.
IV. Townsend’s due process rights were not violated.
¶20. Townsend also argues his counsel “displayed deficient performance, while
sitting/standing [idly] by, saying nothing as [his] rights were being violated.” Specifically,
he argues his counsel deprived him of his due process rights “[of] the opportunity to be heard
[and] to refute whatever evidence may be alleged against him[.]”
¶21. Yet during the plea colloquy the trial court asked Townsend if he understood “by
pleading guilty, [he would] be waiving or giving up those constitutional rights” such as “the
right to confront and cross-examine witnesses who would testify against you and the right
to subpoena witnesses to testify on your behalf.” He repeatedly answered “yes” under oath.
¶22. As stated above, a defendant’s statements under oath have a high presumption of
truth. Hickerson, 336 So. 3d at 1146 (¶36). Townsend’s sworn in-court statements
contradict his claim that he was deprived of the opportunity to “refute” the evidence brought
against him. By pleading guilty, Townsend waived such an opportunity. Therefore, there
was no deficiency in his counsel, and his claim is without merit.
V. Townsend is a non-violent habitual offender.
6 ¶23. Townsend contends the State “breached its end” of the plea deal by sentencing him
as a habitual offender since he claims he was under the belief that he would not be sentenced
as a habitual offender.
¶24. Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 states, “[E]very person convicted [as
a habitual offender] . . . shall be sentenced to the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed
for such felony . . . , and such sentence shall not be reduced or suspended nor shall such
person be eligible for parole or probation.” Miss. Code Ann. § 99-19-81 (Rev. 2020).
Additionally, the trial judge has no discretion while sentencing under section 99-19-81.
Wrenn v. State, 207 So. 3d 1252, 1257 (¶16) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017). “The trial judge has no
alternative but to sentence the defendant under said statute.” Id. Simply stated, even if he did
believe he was not going to be sentenced as a habitual offender, the trial judge had no choice
but to sentence him as one under the statute.
¶25. Further, when asked if the State’s eight year recommendation as a non-violent habitual
offender was the one he expected, Townsend did not object to the recommendation. The trial
court made it clear that it was not bound by the State’s recommendation. Townsend was
asked, “[D]o you understand the Court is not bound by the plea agreement but could impose
the maximum sentence[?]” to which he responded, “[Y]es, sir.” Additionally, in his “Petition
to Enter Guilty Plea” signed by Townsend in advance of the plea colloquy, the petition
explicitly expressed the State’s recommendation that Townsend be sentenced as a non-
violent habitual offender. And as seen above, Townsend admitted everything in the petition
was true and correct while under oath during the plea colloquy.
7 ¶26. Based on these facts, Townsend understood the possibility of being sentenced as a
non-violent habitual offender.
¶27. Finally, Townsend contends his counsel was ineffective because his counsel failed to
challenge this classification as a non-violent habitual offender. He claims he was wrongly
convicted of a previous conviction of the sale of cocaine. The Supreme Court has held that
“[g]enerally, a habitual offender sentencing hearing is neither the time nor place to
collaterally challenge a qualifying prior conviction.” Pulliam v. State, 328 So. 3d 93, 99
(¶22) (Miss. 2021). The Court continued, “[T]he trial court is not required to go beyond the
face of the prior convictions sought to be used in establishing the defendant’s status as a
habitual offender.” Id. Townsend’s counsel could not have challenged the previous
conviction. Moreover, during his plea colloquy, Townsend had no objection to the factual
basis of his prior conviction read by the court. Therefore, Townsend’s claim fails as a matter
of law.
CONCLUSION
¶28. For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s order denying Townsend’s PCR motion is
affirmed.
¶29. AFFIRMED.
BARNES, C.J., CARLTON AND WILSON, P.JJ., GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS, McDONALD, LAWRENCE, SMITH AND EMFINGER, JJ., CONCUR.