Reid v. Oklahoma State of

101 F.3d 628, 1996 U.S. App. LEXIS 30591, 1996 WL 677510
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
DecidedNovember 25, 1996
Docket95-6458
StatusPublished
Cited by37 cases

This text of 101 F.3d 628 (Reid v. Oklahoma State of) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Reid v. Oklahoma State of, 101 F.3d 628, 1996 U.S. App. LEXIS 30591, 1996 WL 677510 (10th Cir. 1996).

Opinion

BRISCOE, Circuit Judge.

Petitioner Ronald Ray Reid appeals from a district court order dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 1 The district court held the grounds raised were variously abusive or successive, found neither cause nor miscarriage of justice to excuse their deficiency, and dismissed the petition with prejudice pursuant to Rule 9(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases and McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467, 111 S.Ct. 1454, 113 L.Ed.2d 517 (1991). 2 We affirm.

I

In 1989, petitioner pled guilty in state court to numerous felony counts, for which he was sentenced, in accordance with Oklahoma’s recidivist statutes, Okla.Stat.Ann. tit. 21, §§ 51(B) (enhancement after former conviction of two prior felonies), 54 (applying enhancement to foreign felonies), to concurrent terms of twenty-five years. The former felonies relied on were three convictions, also obtained by plea, from Texas. The petition filed in this case challenged the constitutionality of petitioner’s OMahoma convictions/sentences on three grounds: (1) all of his pleas, in both OMahoma and Texas, were unknowing and involuntary due to the contemporaneous influence of the psychotropic medication Elavil; (2) the Texas pleas were also undermined by the government’s breach of a plea bargain on which they rested; and (3) his OMahoma counsel rendered ineffective assistance by stipulating to the prior Texas convictions without investigating their constitutionality. See R. I doc 2, at 6-7.

As the district court noted, this is petitioner’s third attempt to secure habeas relief since his 1989 conviction. His first petition, dismissed in Reid v. Kaiser, No. CIV-92-76-R (W.D.Okla.), aff' d, No. 92-6151, 1992 WL 189110 (10th Cir. Aug.7, 1992), raised, without success, essentially the same ineffective assistance claim summarized above. His second petition, dismissed in Reid v. Punches, No. CIV-94-1996-R (W.D.Okla.), aff'd, No. 95-6221, 1995 WL 480313 (10th Cir. Aug.15, 1995), unsuccessfully challenged the denial of emergency time credits under a statutory exclusion for § 51 habitual offenders, see Okla.Stat.Ann. tit. 57, § 573(3), claiming that the exclusion did not apply to recidivist sentences based on foreign convictions.

II

The district court dismissed petitioner’s claim for ineffective assistance of OMahoma trial counsel as plainly successive. We agree. The claim was both asserted and rejected on the merits in Reid v. Kaiser, thereby fulfilling the conditions for dismissability under Rule 9(b). See Watkins v. Champion, 39 F.3d 273, 275 (10th Cir.1994).

The district court dismissed as abusive petitioner’s claim regarding the influence of Elavil on his various guilty pleas, *630 because it was not included in his first habe-as petition. As cause for this omission, petitioner argues he “could not raise this issue until he discontinued ingesting Elavil and started having clear and rational thoughts in 1993.” Appellant’s Opening Brief filed February 23, 1996 (Op.Br.) at 45.

Without implying any acceptance of petitioner’s dubious contention that his use of Elavil provided a continuing exemption from the requirements of Rule 9(b), 3 we note that such an excuse was no longer available when he filed his second habeas petition in 1994. Petitioner does not address this obvious point, evidently presuming that abuse-of-the-writ. principles do not apply when one habeas petition challenges execution of sentence and another the underlying conviction or the imposition of sentence. Such distinctions are not made by Rule 9(b) or the relevant statutory provisions, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b) & 2254, and indeed have been rejected by other circuits, see McGary v. Scott, 4 27 F.3d 181, 183 (5th Cir.1994)(applying abuse-of-the-writ principles to consecutive habeas petitions challenging conviction and deprivation of good time credit); see also Goode v. Wainwright, 731 F.2d 1482, 1483-84 (11th Cir.1984)(applying abuse-of-the-writ principles to consecutive habeas petitions challenging capital conviction and execution of death sentence). We embrace this sound authority and, consequently, reject petitioner’s proffered excuse for twice omitting an available challenge to the knowing and voluntary nature of his numerous guilty pleas.

The remaining infirmity alleged with respect to the predicate Texas convictions originally involved only the breach of a plea bargain regarding sentence, though petitioner later added inadequate plea advisement and counsel’s failure to perfect an appeal. We agree with the district court that the operative facts were plainly available to petitioner before he filed his first habeas petition (and, a fortiori, before he filed the second). Contrary to petitioner’s suggestion, the fact that he subsequently obtained an evidentiary hearing on such matters in Texas does not somehow negate their prior availability for purposes of Rule 9(b). Indeed, in support of his ineffective assistance argument, petitioner now asserts that he raised such matters with Oklahoma counsel at the time of his plea in 1989. See Op. Br. at 31.

Further, we find nothing in the record to implicate the “miscarriage of justice” exception, which requires a claim of actual innocence regarding the offense under review. See McCleskey, 499 U.S. at 502, 111 S.Ct. at 1474-75; Murray v. Carrier, 477 U.S. 478, 495-96, 106 S.Ct. 2639, 2649-50, 91 L.Ed.2d 397 (1986). Petitioner challenges his conviction and sentence in Oklahoma, R. I doc.2, at 1-2, 6-7, yet he does not assert that he is innocent of the felonies to which he pled guilty there. Instead, he asserts that he “is innocent of the enhancement charge.” Op. Br. at 46 (emphasis added). The Oklahoma habitual offender statute merely adds a non-capital enhancement to a sentence imposed for an underlying felony conviction; it does not set out elements of an independent criminal offense. See Simmons v. State, 549 P.2d 111, 117 (Okla.Crim.App.1976). Accordingly, because “[a] person cannot be actually innocent of a noncapital sentence,” United States v. Richards, 5 F.3d 1369

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Bluebook (online)
101 F.3d 628, 1996 U.S. App. LEXIS 30591, 1996 WL 677510, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/reid-v-oklahoma-state-of-ca10-1996.