Reese v. United States Board of Parole

530 F.2d 231
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedJanuary 12, 1976
DocketNos. 74-2418, 74-2541 and 74-2545
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 530 F.2d 231 (Reese v. United States Board of Parole) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Reese v. United States Board of Parole, 530 F.2d 231 (9th Cir. 1976).

Opinions

OPINION

TRASK, Circuit Judge:

Reese, Marine and Miller appeal the decisions of the district courts denying their respective petitions for habeas corpus. Because the cases when appealed presented the same issue, they were consolidated for review. Appellant Miller, however, has since been unconditionally released from federal custody and his case has thus been rendered moot. See North Carolina v. Rice, 404 U.S. 244, 92 S.Ct. 402, 30 L.Ed.2d 413 (1971). We consider the appeals of Reese and Marine.

Reese

Appellant Reese was convicted of a crime in the United States District Court for the District of Utah in 1964 and sentenced to serve two 5-year consecutive terms. In September 1972, he was released on parole pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 4164 with 966 days remaining on his sentence. In April 1973, he was convicted of first degree burglary by an Arizona court and sentenced to a ten to twelve year term in the Arizona State Prison, which sentence he is now serving. The United States Board of Parole then issued a parole violator warrant for Reese and forwarded it to the United States Marshal in Arizona. On May 4, 1973, the Marshal filed a detainer with the Arizona State Prison. Reese inquired of the probation office as to' a date for his revocation hearing and by reply was informed by the United States Board of Parole, under date of June 1, 1973, that the Board “plans to review the status of your outstanding warrant in April 1974.” The letter did not mention a revocation hearing. On June 20, 1973, appellant filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The case was ultimately transferred to the District of Arizona where a response was filed to the petition and the petition denied upon the authority of Vladovic v. Parker, 455 F.2d 495 (9th Cir. 1972). From that denial this appeal was taken.

Marine

On October 31, 1967, petitioner Richard A. Marine was sentenced in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri to a term of 5 years. Thereafter, on March 23, 1971, he was released from custody under the mandatory good-time release provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 4164.1

[233]*233On March 13, 1972, petitioner, then a parolee, was convicted of bank robbery-in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and sentenced to a term of incarceration of 15 years at the United States Penitentiary at McNeil Island, Washington. Shortly after this occurred the United States Board of Parole issued a parole revocation warrant and, based thereon, a de-tainer for the violation of the terms of his parole for the conviction in Missouri, to take effect when he was released from his subsequent detention. No revocation hearing was held as a basis for the detainer and this petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 seeks its dismissal upon that ground. The district court denied the petition and this appeal was taken to review that action.

In Morrissey v. Brewer, 408 U.S. 471, 92 S.Ct. 2593, 33 L.Ed.2d 484 (1972), the Supreme Court considered the right of a parolee to be heard before revoking his parole. There, the Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did apply to parole revocations and outlined at least some of the procedural protections the parolee is entitled to claim. Two hearings were held to be required. The first hearing must be held at or about the date of arrest and was described as a preliminary hearing. The purpose of the first hearing is to determine whether reasonable ground exists for revocation of parole. It should be conducted not by the parole officer but by some person other than the one dealing with the case. The parolee should be given notice of the time, place and purpose of the hearing and of the parole violations which have been alleged. Ordinarily the informant who has given the adverse information should be present for questioning, and the hearing officer should prepare a summary of the proceedings and determine therein whether in his judgment there is probable cause to hold the parolee for final decision of the parole board. Thereafter, there must be a final hearing, the purpose of which is to determine whether revocation in fact should be made. This would involve the merits of the claimed parole violation and any circumstances in mitigation. Id. at 485-490, 92 S.Ct. 2593. The procedural requirements of due process in that final hearing are also set out. Id. at 489, 92 S.Ct. 2593.

The facts upon which the revocation was based in Morrissey’s case were facts developed by the parole officer and set out in a report filed with the state parole board. The parole officer recommended that parole be revoked because of continual violation of parole rules. Id. at 473, 92 S.Ct. 2593. Morrissey asserted that he received no hearing prior to revocation of parole. The Supreme Court reversed and remanded for further proceedings.

Morrissey was soon followed by Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973). Involved in this case was a question of revocation of probation instead of parole. The Court held that there were no significant due process distinctions between probation and parole and followed its earlier decision in Morrissey v. Brewer, supra.

Neither in Reese nor in Marine under consideration here has a parole revocation hearing been held. However, no hearing has been denied, and we assume that when retaken upon the Parole Board’s warrant, a hearing will be held as required under 18 U.S.C. § 4207.2

The issue is joined upon the question as to how soon such a hearing must be held after either the detainer has issued or actual custody taken. The appellants [234]*234argue that hearing should have been held promptly upon the warrant and in the case of Marine that the Board of Parole be directed “to release any and all claim they may have against appellant as a mandatory release violator.”

Neither the statute, 18 U.S.C. § 4207, nor the regulations, 28 C.F.R. § 2.53,3 specify when a hearing upon an asserted parole violation shall take place, if at all. The Court in Morrissey states that the revocation hearing (as distinguished from the probable cause hearing) must be tendered within a reasonable time after the parolee is taken into custody. 408 U.S. at 488, 92 S.Ct. 2593. But it appears clear that Morrissey

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Bluebook (online)
530 F.2d 231, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/reese-v-united-states-board-of-parole-ca9-1976.