Morgan, J.:
It is very difficult to find any principle in the adjudged cases, upon which the judgment in this action can be sustained. The liens of judgments are declared by statute.
As to the. deposit of the deed with the plaintiff by way of security until the mortgage should be executed, if it should be regarded as an equitable mortgage, it appears that the deposit was not in fact made until the next day after Reese obtained the conveyance ; and in the mean time the judgment became a lien prior in point of time to the deposit of the deed. That feature.of the case may be disregarded- entirely, for it is obvious that the subsequent mortgage is just as good as the deposit of the deed, to create a lien. Both were subsequent to the conveyance. Indeed, if the mortgage had been executed the same day of the deposit of the deed, it would not in any way change the rights of the parties. In either case the lien of the judgment creditor would attach before the deposit of the deed, or the making of the mortgage. It is enough, perhaps, to say of this deposit by way of security, that it is not sufficient .to create an equitable mortgage, for it was not an actual, immediate and bona fide deposit of the title deed with the creditor, when the loan was made.* It may, however, be regarded as some evidence of the agreement to give a mortgage.
It is said, that when the conveyance and incumbrance of the land are simultaneous, no opportunity is given for the judgment lien to attach. But it has been held, that if, upon acquiring the land, the judgment debtor immediately executes a mortgage, not for the purchase-money, the lien of the mortgage will be subordinate to that of the judgment. Some other reason must be found, therefore, for giving precedence to a purchase-money mortgage, [336]*336than that of simnltaneousness. Hence it is said that a purchaser who has paid only a portion of the sum contracted to be paid, has no title which is not liable to be subjected to the lien of the vendor for unpaid purchase-money. It is argued that the mortgage for unpaid purchase-money represents an interest in the land, never in fact owned by the incumbrancer; and it is said this gives it precedence over judgment liens of anterior date. *
The statute already cited, seems to recognize the doctrine, that only a simultaneous mortgage for the purchase-money will displace the lien of a prior judgment against the vendor; but courts of equity have long asserted the priority of the vendor’s lien for the unpaid purchase-money, as against prior judgment creditors and subsequent purchasers affected with notice. This lien, when it has not been waived, would allow the vendor of land to enforce it for the unpaid purchase-money, as against the prior creditors of the vendee. Nor do I see any reason why the taking of a mortgage subsequent to the conveyance, should place the vendor in a worse condition than he would be in if he had relied upon his implied lien. But no authority can be found, I think, which would allow the vendor in such a case to tack another debt to his mortgage, and make it a lien to take effect prior to a former judgment against his vendee. There is, in my opinion, no ground for holding that a precedent debt, not for purchase-money, can be incorporated into a mortgage so as to displace a prior judgment, even if given simultaneously with the conveyance. The contrary has been held in Root v. Curtis. † Much less can it be claimed that such a mortgage, given by the vendee subsequent to the conveyance to him, can operate to defeat the lien of a prior judgment.
The judgment of the Special Term is therefore erroneous, so far as it gives priority to the old debt of $600. It was not claimed to have been advanced as purchase-money, for only $100 had been paid on the contract when the $500 loan was made. There is doubtless more difficulty with the other question, and I do not propose to discuss it at length. It may be unnecessary to decide it, as doubtless the judgment must be satisfied without regard to the lien of $500. That there is some ground for asserting the priority of [337]*337lien as to the loan of $500, will be readily conceded. I have assumed that it might be asserted in favor of the vendor; and perhaps, in case of accident, fraud or mistake, in favor of a stranger who advances the purchase-money upon an agreement of the vendee for a mortgage simultaneously with his obtaining the title. Though the mortgage is not given till long afterward, perhaps a court of equity would regard that as done which was agreed to be done, and at the time it was to be done. * As against judgments which are general and not specific liens on the debtor’s estate, the claim of a stranger who has advanced money to the debtor to help him purchase the lands, under an agreement for a mortgage as security on the same lands when obtained, stands upon strong grounds of equity, and unless he has lost his preference by his neglect to take a simultaneous mortgage, there is no reason why he should not be preferred over a prior judgment creditor.† Whether the courts in this State will establish such a doctrine, remains to be seen.
There are decisions which seem to be adverse to extending these equitable liens, or multiplying them so as to embrace doubtful cases.‡ The case of Griffin v. Burtnett, § cited by the respondent’s counsel, is apparently in favor of the claim to priority as to the $500 loan. But the vendee in that case worked out his claim through a mortgage to secure future advances for improving the property, which was prim' in point of time to the judgment. Another person than the mortgagee made the advances upon the security of his mortgage, and he was adjudged to have a prior equity. The mortgage was prior to the judgment, but the moneys advanced were subsequent. Without the aid of this prior mortgage, which contemplated these advances, there is no ground of equity stated, upon which the preference could be sustained. Indeed, the case of Cook v. Banker
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Morgan, J.:
It is very difficult to find any principle in the adjudged cases, upon which the judgment in this action can be sustained. The liens of judgments are declared by statute.
As to the. deposit of the deed with the plaintiff by way of security until the mortgage should be executed, if it should be regarded as an equitable mortgage, it appears that the deposit was not in fact made until the next day after Reese obtained the conveyance ; and in the mean time the judgment became a lien prior in point of time to the deposit of the deed. That feature.of the case may be disregarded- entirely, for it is obvious that the subsequent mortgage is just as good as the deposit of the deed, to create a lien. Both were subsequent to the conveyance. Indeed, if the mortgage had been executed the same day of the deposit of the deed, it would not in any way change the rights of the parties. In either case the lien of the judgment creditor would attach before the deposit of the deed, or the making of the mortgage. It is enough, perhaps, to say of this deposit by way of security, that it is not sufficient .to create an equitable mortgage, for it was not an actual, immediate and bona fide deposit of the title deed with the creditor, when the loan was made.* It may, however, be regarded as some evidence of the agreement to give a mortgage.
It is said, that when the conveyance and incumbrance of the land are simultaneous, no opportunity is given for the judgment lien to attach. But it has been held, that if, upon acquiring the land, the judgment debtor immediately executes a mortgage, not for the purchase-money, the lien of the mortgage will be subordinate to that of the judgment. Some other reason must be found, therefore, for giving precedence to a purchase-money mortgage, [336]*336than that of simnltaneousness. Hence it is said that a purchaser who has paid only a portion of the sum contracted to be paid, has no title which is not liable to be subjected to the lien of the vendor for unpaid purchase-money. It is argued that the mortgage for unpaid purchase-money represents an interest in the land, never in fact owned by the incumbrancer; and it is said this gives it precedence over judgment liens of anterior date. *
The statute already cited, seems to recognize the doctrine, that only a simultaneous mortgage for the purchase-money will displace the lien of a prior judgment against the vendor; but courts of equity have long asserted the priority of the vendor’s lien for the unpaid purchase-money, as against prior judgment creditors and subsequent purchasers affected with notice. This lien, when it has not been waived, would allow the vendor of land to enforce it for the unpaid purchase-money, as against the prior creditors of the vendee. Nor do I see any reason why the taking of a mortgage subsequent to the conveyance, should place the vendor in a worse condition than he would be in if he had relied upon his implied lien. But no authority can be found, I think, which would allow the vendor in such a case to tack another debt to his mortgage, and make it a lien to take effect prior to a former judgment against his vendee. There is, in my opinion, no ground for holding that a precedent debt, not for purchase-money, can be incorporated into a mortgage so as to displace a prior judgment, even if given simultaneously with the conveyance. The contrary has been held in Root v. Curtis. † Much less can it be claimed that such a mortgage, given by the vendee subsequent to the conveyance to him, can operate to defeat the lien of a prior judgment.
The judgment of the Special Term is therefore erroneous, so far as it gives priority to the old debt of $600. It was not claimed to have been advanced as purchase-money, for only $100 had been paid on the contract when the $500 loan was made. There is doubtless more difficulty with the other question, and I do not propose to discuss it at length. It may be unnecessary to decide it, as doubtless the judgment must be satisfied without regard to the lien of $500. That there is some ground for asserting the priority of [337]*337lien as to the loan of $500, will be readily conceded. I have assumed that it might be asserted in favor of the vendor; and perhaps, in case of accident, fraud or mistake, in favor of a stranger who advances the purchase-money upon an agreement of the vendee for a mortgage simultaneously with his obtaining the title. Though the mortgage is not given till long afterward, perhaps a court of equity would regard that as done which was agreed to be done, and at the time it was to be done. * As against judgments which are general and not specific liens on the debtor’s estate, the claim of a stranger who has advanced money to the debtor to help him purchase the lands, under an agreement for a mortgage as security on the same lands when obtained, stands upon strong grounds of equity, and unless he has lost his preference by his neglect to take a simultaneous mortgage, there is no reason why he should not be preferred over a prior judgment creditor.† Whether the courts in this State will establish such a doctrine, remains to be seen.
There are decisions which seem to be adverse to extending these equitable liens, or multiplying them so as to embrace doubtful cases.‡ The case of Griffin v. Burtnett, § cited by the respondent’s counsel, is apparently in favor of the claim to priority as to the $500 loan. But the vendee in that case worked out his claim through a mortgage to secure future advances for improving the property, which was prim' in point of time to the judgment. Another person than the mortgagee made the advances upon the security of his mortgage, and he was adjudged to have a prior equity. The mortgage was prior to the judgment, but the moneys advanced were subsequent. Without the aid of this prior mortgage, which contemplated these advances, there is no ground of equity stated, upon which the preference could be sustained. Indeed, the case of Cook v. Banker || would reject this claim to priority, if it was founded simply-upon an agreement to give a mortgage. In Tallman v. Farley ¶ the subsequent mortgagee had [338]*338advanced money on the credit of the land; and, upon obtaining title, the mortgagor at the same time executed the mortgage. But Edmonds, J., in delivering the opinion of the court, says: “If the judgment creditors could find a moment of time in which their debtors had a right to sell or incumber the premises in preference to the claim of the second mortgagees, they might perhaps find some aliment on which their legal claim might be fed.” Haywood v. Nooney, * was a case within the decision of Jackson v. Austin, † and does not profess to decide anything more. Other cases are cited by the respondent, but I am of opinion that they do not decide the question in favor of the plaintiff. No case has been cited in this State, which recognizes an equitable lien in favor of a stranger who advances a portion of the purchase-price. It is not pretended that he can proceed in equity to establish a lien, as the vendor may, for unpaid purchase-money. His claim must therefore rest entirely upon the agreement for a lien. The statute comes to his aid if he has- taken a simultaneous mortgage for money advanced to pay for the land. ‡ If be neglects to take such security until the lien of a former judgment attaches to the land, he is remediless, unless he is able to make a case for a court of equity to relieve him by declaring that to be done which ought to have been done at the time. I see nothing in this case to call upon a court of equity to give effect to the subsequent mortgage, as though it had been executed when it was agreed to be executed. If the deposit of the deed had been made at the very time of obtaining it, that might have operated to create a simultaneous lien. Can J it be regarded as having been made at the same time, although defer-1 red till the next day? I well see that there may have been some] reasonable excuse for it; but none is proffered in this case; and no] fraud or "accident is alleged, which calls upon the court to interfere] and declare that what was done afterward should be treated as| though it had been at the time agreed upon.
In my opinion it is a case of simple neglect or carelessness ; and! courts do not relieve parties who lie by and allow other creditor?! to gain-a legal advantage. But it has been held that a farol agree] ment to deposit or mortgage will not be enforced; § nor will equitu [339]*339consider that as done which ought to be done, unless the court has authority to order that the act be done.*
Now, I am opposed to extending our jurisdiction to doubtful eases, and reaching out to see if we cannot find some plausible excuse for creating an equity which will deprive a creditor of his legal advantage. The' judgment is clearly erroneous in relation to the $600 included in the plaintiff’s mortgage; and, in my opinion, there are no grounds of equity stated in the pleadings, or proved on the trial, which will uphold the judgment as to any part of the plaintiff’s mortgage.
The defendant Adams has, by the neglect of the plaintiff, obtained a prior lien on the lands ; and I have found no well considered authority which calls upon this court to deprive him of it in favor of a subsequent mortgagee.
On both grounds I think the judgment should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event.
Mullin, P. J., and Smith, J., concur in the opinion as to the old debt secured by the mortgage, but are of opinion that the judgment is right in preferring the loan of $500. The judgment must, therefore, be modified accordingly, and as modified affirmed, without costs of appeal to either party.
Judgment modified, and as modified, affirmed, without costs of appeal to either party.
2 R. S., 359, §3.