Ranney v. Whitewater Engineering

122 P.3d 214, 2005 Alas. LEXIS 144, 2005 WL 2620225
CourtAlaska Supreme Court
DecidedOctober 14, 2005
DocketS-11442
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 122 P.3d 214 (Ranney v. Whitewater Engineering) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Alaska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ranney v. Whitewater Engineering, 122 P.3d 214, 2005 Alas. LEXIS 144, 2005 WL 2620225 (Ala. 2005).

Opinion

122 P.3d 214 (2005)

Sharon RANNEY, Appellant,
v.
WHITEWATER ENGINEERING and Alaska Insurance Guaranty Association for Fremont Industrial (insolvent insurer), Appellees.

No. S-11442.

Supreme Court of Alaska.

October 14, 2005.

*216 William J. Soule, Law Office of William J. Soule, Anchorage, for Appellant.

Richard L. Wagg, Russell, Tesche, Wagg, Cooper & Gabbert, Anchorage, for Appellees.

Before: BRYNER, Chief Justice, MATTHEWS, EASTAUGH, FABE, and CARPENETI, Justices.

OPINION

BRYNER, Chief Justice.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Alaska Workers' Compensation Act provides that when an employee suffers a work-related death, the employee's surviving widow or widower is eligible for death benefits. When Sharon Ranney sought death benefits after the work-related death of her long-term partner, Gary Stone, the Alaska Workers' Compensation Board ruled that she was not eligible for benefits because she and Stone had never been married. Ranney challenges this ruling, arguing that the board misinterpreted the workers' compensation act and violated her rights to privacy and equal protection under the Alaska Constitution. We affirm the board's decision, holding that the decision correctly interpreted the act and did not deprive Ranney of her constitutional rights, since denying spousal death benefits to Ranney did not substantially burden her freedom to have an unmarried intimate relationship with Stone and was fairly and substantially related to the act's goal of providing quick, efficient, fair, and predictable benefits to families of deceased workers at a reasonable cost to employers.

II. FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

Sharon Ranney and Gary Stone became romantically involved in the spring of 1995 and moved in together that fall. Although Stone and Ranney were never legally married, they lived together as a couple until Gary Stone's death in April 1999.

While together they shared a joint checking account. They were jointly listed in the Cordova telephone book. And they purchased various kinds of machinery together — a small sawmill, a crane, and a truck. Stone also purchased a life-insurance policy and named Ranney the primary beneficiary. Although Ranney worked off and on throughout their relationship, she depended on Stone's income to maintain her standard of living. Ranney submitted many affidavits from friends attesting to the couple's intent to get married. And Ranney testified that Stone bought her a wedding ring in 1997 and that he formally proposed to her in March of 1999.

In April 1999 Stone was killed in a work-related accident while employed by Whitewater Engineering. Ranney then filed a claim for death benefits as Stone's "unmarried spouse." Whitewater and its insurer, Fremont Compensation/Cambridge Integrated Services Group, controverted Ranney's claim on the ground that she was never Stone's wife and that she was therefore not entitled to benefits under the act.

In addressing Ranney's claim, the Alaska Workers' Compensation Board noted that AS 23.30.215 provides for the payment of death benefits to the "widow or widower or a child or children of the deceased." Because the act defines "widow" to include "only the decedent's wife living with or dependent for support upon the decedent at the time of death, or living apart for justifiable cause or by reason of the decedent's desertion at such a time,"[1] the board reasoned that Ranney would qualify as "the decedent's wife" only if she had actually been married to Stone. Since Ranney had never married Stone, the *217 board concluded that she was ineligible for benefits as his "wife."

After appealing to the superior court, which affirmed the board's decision, Ranney filed this appeal.

III. DISCUSSION

On appeal, Ranney argues that the unmarried partners of deceased employees are eligible to receive death benefits under the workers' compensation act. Moreover, if the act does not cover unmarried but committed relationships like hers and Stone's, Ranney asserts, it violates her rights to privacy and equal protection under the Alaska Constitution.

A. Standard of Review

In an appeal from a decision entered by the superior court as an intermediate court of appeal in a workers' compensation case, "we independently review and directly scrutinize the merits of the board's decision."[2] Determining the proper meaning of the act in this case requires us to interpret the words "widow" and "married"; we review an agency's interpretation of non-technical statutory terms such as these under the substitution of judgment standard.[3] Whether the act violates the Alaska Constitution presents a legal question and does not involve agency expertise. We use our independent judgment to review constitutional questions.[4]

B. The Act's Express Language

Ranney argues that, as Stone's "[u]nmarried, [d]ependent [w]idow," she is entitled to death benefits under the Alaska Workers' Compensation Act. Whitewater responds that because Ranney was never married to Stone, she fails to qualify as his "widow," and so cannot properly claim benefits under the act.

When interpreting a statute, "we consider its language, its purpose, and its legislative history, in an attempt to `give effect to the legislature's intent.'"[5] Although "[w]e have rejected a mechanical application of the plain meaning rule," we have placed a heavy burden on parties who urge us to adopt an interpretation that appears contrary to a statute's plain language.[6]

The workers' compensation act specifies that where a work-related injury causes an employee's death, death benefits are payable to "a widow or widower or a child or children of the deceased."[7] If there is no widow or widower and there are no children, then benefits must be paid to specified members of the extended family.[8]

The act defines "widow" as "only the decedent's wife living with or dependent for support upon the decedent at the time of death, or living apart for justifiable cause or by reason of the decedent's desertion at such a time."[9] The act does not define "wife," but does provide that "`married' includes a person who is divorced but is required by the decree of divorce to contribute to the support of the former spouse."[10]

Ranney contends that the act's definition of "wife" could plausibly be read to include unmarried cohabitants, so that they would fall within the definition of "widow."

We disagree. The Alaska legislature has directed that

*218 [w]ords and phrases shall be construed . . . according to their common and approved usage. Technical words and phrases and those which have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning, whether by legislative definition or otherwise, shall be construed according to the peculiar and appropriate meaning.[[11]]

Because "wife" has not been defined statutorily and has no technical meaning in the present context, we look to common usage, where the word ordinarily refers to a married woman.[12] "Marriage" has been defined by statute. The Alaska Marriage Code provides:

(a) Marriage is a civil contract entered into by one man and one woman that requires both a license and solemnization.
. . . .
(b) A person may not be joined in marriage in this state until a license has been obtained for that purpose as provided in this chapter.

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122 P.3d 214, 2005 Alas. LEXIS 144, 2005 WL 2620225, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ranney-v-whitewater-engineering-alaska-2005.