01/10/2017
DA 16-0379 Case Number: DA 16-0379
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2017 MT 5N
JOAN ECKLEY RADA, WILLIAM W. PICKETT and MICHAEL MILLER,
Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
WILLIAM R. DUBRUL, GARY OGILVIE, KATHY OGILVIE, THEODORE OGILVIE, ROBIN DURAND, LYNDA DURAND and John Does 1-5,
Defendants and Appellees.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fifth Judicial District, In and For the County of Jefferson, Cause No. DV 2014-46 Honorable Loren Tucker, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellants:
Valerie D. Wilson, Wilson Law Office, PLLC, Helena, Montana
For Appellees:
David B. Gallik, Gallik Law Office, PLLC, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 16, 2016
Decided: January 10, 2017
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not
serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this
Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana
Reports.
¶2 Joan Rada, William Pickett, and Michael Miller (collectively Claim Owners) have
mining claims on land accessed by the Captain Billy Gulch Road. The road passes
through property in which Appellees currently possess, or have previously possessed, an
ownership interest.1 In May 2014, one of the Landowners blocked access to the road.
Claim Owners filed a complaint against Landowners seeking to establish their right to
use the road.
¶3 Landowners conceded that Claim Owners possessed a prescriptive right to use the
road and that Claim Owners’ current scope of use was consistent with their historical
scope of use. With those admissions, the District Court granted Claim Owners summary
judgment on their prescriptive easement claim. The court determined, however, that an
issue of fact remained regarding the width of the easement. It directed the parties to
negotiate a resolution to the issue. The parties could not agree on the easement’s width,
and the issue went to trial.
1 Appellees are William Dubrul, Gary Ogilvie, Kathy Ogilvie, Theodore Ogilvie, Robin Durand, and Lynda Durand. We refer to Appellees collectively as Landowners. 2 ¶4 The District Court issued findings of fact, conclusions of law, and a judgment in
which it concluded that the width of the prescriptive easement “including the surface, the
subgrade, and the clearing width necessary to support and maintain [the] surface of the
roadway is fourteen feet, together with sufficient width for opposing vehicles to pass at
reasonable locations and to allow passage on corners and curves of equipment presently
located on [Claim Owners’] claims.” The court also denied Rada’s request for attorney
fees under § 27-8-313, MCA. Claim Owners then filed a M. R. Civ. P. 59 motion to
amend, arguing that the easement’s width should be sixteen feet and reasserting Rada’s
request for attorney fees. The District Court denied the motion. The court nevertheless
clarified that Claim Owners were “entitled to a road surface 14 feet wide together with
lateral and subjacent support sufficient to maintain that road.” Claim Owners appeal.
¶5 We review a district court’s findings of fact to determine if they are clearly
erroneous. Public Lands Access Ass’n v. Bd. of Cnty. Comm’rs, 2014 MT 10, ¶ 14,
373 Mont. 277, 321 P.3d 38 (hereafter Public Lands). A finding is clearly erroneous if it
is not supported by substantial evidence, if the district court misapprehended the effect of
the evidence, or if our review of the record convinces us that the district court made a
mistake. Public Lands, ¶ 14. We review a district court’s conclusions of law to
determine if they are correct. Public Lands, ¶ 14. If legal authority exists to award
attorney fees, we review a district court’s order granting or denying attorney fees for
abuse of discretion. Mont. Immigrant Justice Alliance v. Bullock, 2016 MT 104, ¶ 15,
383 Mont. 318, 371 P.3d 430.
3 ¶6 Claim Owners assert several points of error in the District Court’s conclusions,
including: that the court erred by limiting the width of the easement for the road’s surface
to fourteen feet; that the court erred by not including within the easement the lateral and
subjacent support necessary to support and maintain the road; and that the court erred by
not granting Rada attorney fees. We address each contention in turn.
¶7 As the District Court recognized, the width of Claim Owners’ easement “is
determined by the terms of the grant or the nature of the enjoyment by which it was
acquired.” Section 70-17-106, MCA; accord Brown & Brown of MT, Inc. v. Raty,
2012 MT 264, ¶ 37, 367 Mont. 67, 289 P.3d 156. Thus, “the width of a prescriptive
easement must be limited to the width actually used during the prescriptive period.”
Raty, ¶ 37. In defining an easement, “a court should consider what is reasonably
necessary and convenient for the purpose for which it was created.” Raty, ¶ 37 (citation
and internal quotes omitted).
¶8 Claim Owners contend that the District Court erred when it held that the width of
the prescriptive easement for the road’s surface was fourteen feet. They argue that they
presented evidence showing that they require a sixteen-foot road surface to accommodate
their mining equipment. Claim Owners did present evidence regarding the type of
equipment they historically used on their claims, and one of Claim Owners’ witnesses
testified that sixteen feet would be a reasonable width for the traveled way of the road.
Claim Owners’ evidence, however, established that their widest piece of equipment was
fourteen feet. Other evidence in the record further supports the court’s determination that
4 the “width actually used during the prescriptive period” was fourteen feet. Raty, ¶ 37.
The court’s findings of fact demonstrate that it considered this evidence in determining
what width was reasonably necessary to accommodate the purpose for which the
easement was created. Claim Owners have failed to demonstrate that the District Court’s
findings regarding the easement’s width are unsupported by substantial evidence.
¶9 We thus conclude that the District Court correctly determined that the width of the
easement for the road’s surface is fourteen feet. On the other hand, Claim Owners
presented evidence that they were unable to get certain equipment past Landowners’
gates. Landowners—as owners of the servient estate—may not unreasonably interfere
with Claim Owners’ right to use the fourteen-foot easement, including maintaining gates
that encroach upon the easement. Musselshell Ranch Co. v. Seidel-Joukova, 2011 MT
217, ¶¶ 19-31, 362 Mont. 1, 261 P.3d 570. To the extent that the gates posted within the
fourteen-foot easement prevent Claim Owners from operating the equipment recognized
to be within the scope of the easement, the gates must be removed or relocated.
¶10 Claim Owners next contend that the District Court erred by not including within
the easement lateral and subjacent support necessary to support and maintain the road.
They argue that the width of a prescriptive easement “extends beyond the traveled
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
01/10/2017
DA 16-0379 Case Number: DA 16-0379
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 2017 MT 5N
JOAN ECKLEY RADA, WILLIAM W. PICKETT and MICHAEL MILLER,
Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
WILLIAM R. DUBRUL, GARY OGILVIE, KATHY OGILVIE, THEODORE OGILVIE, ROBIN DURAND, LYNDA DURAND and John Does 1-5,
Defendants and Appellees.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fifth Judicial District, In and For the County of Jefferson, Cause No. DV 2014-46 Honorable Loren Tucker, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellants:
Valerie D. Wilson, Wilson Law Office, PLLC, Helena, Montana
For Appellees:
David B. Gallik, Gallik Law Office, PLLC, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: November 16, 2016
Decided: January 10, 2017
Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not
serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this
Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana
Reports.
¶2 Joan Rada, William Pickett, and Michael Miller (collectively Claim Owners) have
mining claims on land accessed by the Captain Billy Gulch Road. The road passes
through property in which Appellees currently possess, or have previously possessed, an
ownership interest.1 In May 2014, one of the Landowners blocked access to the road.
Claim Owners filed a complaint against Landowners seeking to establish their right to
use the road.
¶3 Landowners conceded that Claim Owners possessed a prescriptive right to use the
road and that Claim Owners’ current scope of use was consistent with their historical
scope of use. With those admissions, the District Court granted Claim Owners summary
judgment on their prescriptive easement claim. The court determined, however, that an
issue of fact remained regarding the width of the easement. It directed the parties to
negotiate a resolution to the issue. The parties could not agree on the easement’s width,
and the issue went to trial.
1 Appellees are William Dubrul, Gary Ogilvie, Kathy Ogilvie, Theodore Ogilvie, Robin Durand, and Lynda Durand. We refer to Appellees collectively as Landowners. 2 ¶4 The District Court issued findings of fact, conclusions of law, and a judgment in
which it concluded that the width of the prescriptive easement “including the surface, the
subgrade, and the clearing width necessary to support and maintain [the] surface of the
roadway is fourteen feet, together with sufficient width for opposing vehicles to pass at
reasonable locations and to allow passage on corners and curves of equipment presently
located on [Claim Owners’] claims.” The court also denied Rada’s request for attorney
fees under § 27-8-313, MCA. Claim Owners then filed a M. R. Civ. P. 59 motion to
amend, arguing that the easement’s width should be sixteen feet and reasserting Rada’s
request for attorney fees. The District Court denied the motion. The court nevertheless
clarified that Claim Owners were “entitled to a road surface 14 feet wide together with
lateral and subjacent support sufficient to maintain that road.” Claim Owners appeal.
¶5 We review a district court’s findings of fact to determine if they are clearly
erroneous. Public Lands Access Ass’n v. Bd. of Cnty. Comm’rs, 2014 MT 10, ¶ 14,
373 Mont. 277, 321 P.3d 38 (hereafter Public Lands). A finding is clearly erroneous if it
is not supported by substantial evidence, if the district court misapprehended the effect of
the evidence, or if our review of the record convinces us that the district court made a
mistake. Public Lands, ¶ 14. We review a district court’s conclusions of law to
determine if they are correct. Public Lands, ¶ 14. If legal authority exists to award
attorney fees, we review a district court’s order granting or denying attorney fees for
abuse of discretion. Mont. Immigrant Justice Alliance v. Bullock, 2016 MT 104, ¶ 15,
383 Mont. 318, 371 P.3d 430.
3 ¶6 Claim Owners assert several points of error in the District Court’s conclusions,
including: that the court erred by limiting the width of the easement for the road’s surface
to fourteen feet; that the court erred by not including within the easement the lateral and
subjacent support necessary to support and maintain the road; and that the court erred by
not granting Rada attorney fees. We address each contention in turn.
¶7 As the District Court recognized, the width of Claim Owners’ easement “is
determined by the terms of the grant or the nature of the enjoyment by which it was
acquired.” Section 70-17-106, MCA; accord Brown & Brown of MT, Inc. v. Raty,
2012 MT 264, ¶ 37, 367 Mont. 67, 289 P.3d 156. Thus, “the width of a prescriptive
easement must be limited to the width actually used during the prescriptive period.”
Raty, ¶ 37. In defining an easement, “a court should consider what is reasonably
necessary and convenient for the purpose for which it was created.” Raty, ¶ 37 (citation
and internal quotes omitted).
¶8 Claim Owners contend that the District Court erred when it held that the width of
the prescriptive easement for the road’s surface was fourteen feet. They argue that they
presented evidence showing that they require a sixteen-foot road surface to accommodate
their mining equipment. Claim Owners did present evidence regarding the type of
equipment they historically used on their claims, and one of Claim Owners’ witnesses
testified that sixteen feet would be a reasonable width for the traveled way of the road.
Claim Owners’ evidence, however, established that their widest piece of equipment was
fourteen feet. Other evidence in the record further supports the court’s determination that
4 the “width actually used during the prescriptive period” was fourteen feet. Raty, ¶ 37.
The court’s findings of fact demonstrate that it considered this evidence in determining
what width was reasonably necessary to accommodate the purpose for which the
easement was created. Claim Owners have failed to demonstrate that the District Court’s
findings regarding the easement’s width are unsupported by substantial evidence.
¶9 We thus conclude that the District Court correctly determined that the width of the
easement for the road’s surface is fourteen feet. On the other hand, Claim Owners
presented evidence that they were unable to get certain equipment past Landowners’
gates. Landowners—as owners of the servient estate—may not unreasonably interfere
with Claim Owners’ right to use the fourteen-foot easement, including maintaining gates
that encroach upon the easement. Musselshell Ranch Co. v. Seidel-Joukova, 2011 MT
217, ¶¶ 19-31, 362 Mont. 1, 261 P.3d 570. To the extent that the gates posted within the
fourteen-foot easement prevent Claim Owners from operating the equipment recognized
to be within the scope of the easement, the gates must be removed or relocated.
¶10 Claim Owners next contend that the District Court erred by not including within
the easement lateral and subjacent support necessary to support and maintain the road.
They argue that the width of a prescriptive easement “extends beyond the traveled
portion of the road to include areas necessary for its support and maintenance.” Public
Lands, ¶ 25. In its findings of fact, the District Court found that Claim Owners’
“easement encompass[es] the surface of the roadway and that which is necessary for
lateral and subjacent support.” (Emphasis added.) In its judgment, however, the court
5 stated that the width of the easement, “including the surface, the subgrade, and the
clearing width necessary to support and maintain [the] surface of the roadway is fourteen
feet.” (Emphasis added.) Claim Owners contend that such a conclusion would be
inconsistent with the court’s findings and incorrect. Yet the court clarified in its order
denying Claim Owners’ M. R. Civ. P. 59 motion that Claim Owners were “entitled to a
road surface 14 feet wide together with lateral and subjacent support sufficient to
maintain that road.” (Emphasis added.) The court thus agreed with Claim Owners that
their easement extends beyond the fourteen-foot surface area of the road “to include areas
necessary for its support and maintenance.” Public Lands, ¶ 25.
¶11 Finally, Claim Owners contend that the District Court erred in denying Rada
attorney fees. In a declaratory judgment action, attorney fees may be granted under
§ 27-8-313, MCA, “if such an award is determined to be necessary and proper.” Mungas
v. Great Falls Clinic, LLP, 2009 MT 426, ¶ 43, 354 Mont. 50, 221 P.3d 1230. The
District Court recognized that the threshold question in such an inquiry is “whether the
equities support a grant of attorney fees.” Mungas, ¶ 45. The equities generally do not
support an award of attorney fees “if similarly situated parties genuinely dispute their
rights.” Hughes v. Ahlgren, 2011 MT 189, ¶ 16, 361 Mont. 319, 258 P.3d 439. The
District Court’s findings reflect that Landowners and Claim Owners genuinely disputed
their rights to the easement and that there was no malice or protracted litigation. See
Ahlgren, ¶¶ 19-21 (concluding that there was a genuine dispute between similarly
situated parties in a declaratory judgment action between neighboring landowners
6 regarding the existence of an easement). Claim Owners have not demonstrated error in
these findings. We thus affirm the District Court’s conclusion that equitable
considerations do not support an award of attorney fees to Rada.
¶12 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of
our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. In the opinion
of the Court, the case presents questions controlled by settled law. We affirm the District
Court’s order. The case is remanded for entry of an amended judgment that addresses
Landowners’ gates and includes the clarifying language from the court’s post-judgment
order regarding lateral and subjacent support.
/S/ BETH BAKER
We concur:
/S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA /S/ LAURIE McKINNON /S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT /S/ JIM RICE