Rachak v. Attorney General of the United States

734 F.3d 214, 2013 WL 4437227, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 17480
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit
DecidedAugust 21, 2013
Docket12-3864
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 734 F.3d 214 (Rachak v. Attorney General of the United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Rachak v. Attorney General of the United States, 734 F.3d 214, 2013 WL 4437227, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 17480 (3d Cir. 2013).

Opinion

OPINION

CHAGARES, Circuit Judge.

Tarik Rachak petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) order deeming him ineligible for cancellation of removal and affirming the denial of a continuance. We will dismiss the petition in part and deny it in part.

I.

Rachak, who is a citizen of Morocco, was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident in August of 2002. In 2006, he was arrested and charged with possession of marijuana under 35 Pa. Stat. § 780-113(a)(31). Rachak was placed on probation with supervision under Pennsylvania’s “Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition” program, Administrative Record (“A.R.”) 217, but did not comply with the conditions of the program. Thereafter, the state court terminated Rachak’s participation in the program and on February 16, 2011, Rachak pled guilty to the charge arising out of his 2006 marijuana possession arrest. A.R. 214-16.

On July 20, 2011, Rachak pled guilty to charges of possession of cocaine and drug paraphernalia under 35 Pa. Stat. §§ 780-113(a)(16) and (a)(32) in the York County Court of Common Pleas. He was sen *216 tenced to two consecutive terms of twelve months of probation. A.R. 186-202.

On September 29, 2011, the Department of Homeland Security charged Rachak with being removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i) because he had been convicted of a controlled substance offense in July 2011. Rachak then filed a Pennsylvania Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) petition attacking his July 2011 conviction. For a time, he successfully sought immigration continuances while he mounted his collateral attack, although the Government opposed some of these requests.

At a hearing on May 24, 2012, Rachak’s attorney advised the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) that his PCRA petition had been denied at the trial level “almost a month ago,” but was currently on appeal before the Pennsylvania Superior Court. A.R. 119. 1 The IJ issued an oral decision declining to grant any further continuances. In addition, the IJ ordered Rachak removed and noted that his 2006 conduct rendered him ineligible for cancellation of removal under 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(a) because he had not accrued seven years of continuous residence in the United States. A.R. 63-65. The BIA affirmed, A.R. 3-5, and this timely petition for review followed.

Rachak does not argue that the final order of removal itself was erroneously granted. Instead, Rachak contends that the IJ and BIA wrongly determined that he was ineligible for cancellation of removal. He also contends that his motion for an additional continuance should have been granted.

II.

We must first address the scope of our jurisdiction. Because Rachak is a criminal alien found removable pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i), our review of the agency’s determination is limited to “constitutional claims or questions of law.” 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(C)-(D). To fall under § 1252(a)(2)(D)’s grant of jurisdiction, an issue must be either a “purely legal inquir[y]” or raise a “colorable” claim that a constitutional violation has occurred. Roye v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 693 F.3d 333, 339 (3d Cir.2012).

A.

The first issue Rachak raises in this appeal is whether he was statutorily eligible for cancellation of removal. We hold that this issue involves a purely legal question concerning the operation of the “stop-time rule” of 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(d)(1)(B). See Baraket v. Holder, 632 F.3d 56, 58 (2d Cir.2011) (per curiam) (“This appeal presents solely a question of law: how to properly interpret 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(d)(l).”). Accordingly, we have jurisdiction to consider whether Rachak was eligible for cancellation of removal.

B.

Next we examine whether we have jurisdiction to consider Rachak’s argument that the IJ “erred in denying a continuance in this case, and the BIA erred in affirming this decision.” Rachak Br. 19. We have never issued a precedential opinion deciding whether we have jurisdiction to review claims of this sort in the constrained context of criminal-alien petitions. However, our case law provides helpful guideposts to resolve this issue.

The denial of a motion for a continuance is discretionary. Khan v. Att’y *217 Gen., of U.S., 448 F.3d 226, 233 (3d Cir.2006). We have held that discretionary decisions, as here, do “not raise a constitutional claim or question of law covered by [§ 1252(a)(2)(D)’s] judicial review provision.” Sukwanputra v. Gonzales, 434 F.3d 627, 635 (3d Cir.2006); see Jarbough v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 483 F.3d 184, 188 (3d Cir.2007) (“[I]t is clear that courts of appeals continue to have no jurisdiction to review discretionary and factual determinations presented in petitions for review.”). Specifically, we have recognized that “[djespite the special treatment accorded constitutional claims and questions of law, § 1252(a)(2)(D) does not exempt ... discretionary challenges from the jurisdiction-stripping provisions of the [Immigration and Nationality Act].” Sukwanputra, 434 F.3d at 634. See generally Jarbough, 483 F.3d at 190 (“Recasting challenges to factual or discretionary determinations as due process or other constitutional claims is clearly insufficient to give this Court jurisdiction under § 1252(a)(2)(D).”). 2

As a result, we conclude that we have no jurisdiction over Rachak’s challenge to the denial of his motion for a continuance. We note that our holding today is in accord with those of our sister Courts of Appeals. See, e.g., Waugh v. Holder, 642 F.3d 1279, 1284-85 (10th Cir.2011) (“[Petitioner also argues the IJ and BIA erred in denying his request to continue the removal proceedings until his motion to withdraw his guilty plea was resolved in state court.... This challenge raises neither a constitutional nor a legal issue, so we are without jurisdiction to review it.”); Ogunfuye v. Holder, 610 F.3d 303

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734 F.3d 214, 2013 WL 4437227, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 17480, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/rachak-v-attorney-general-of-the-united-states-ca3-2013.