Quiros v. Birch

19 V.I. 418, 1983 V.I. LEXIS 53
CourtSupreme Court of The Virgin Islands
DecidedJune 30, 1983
DocketCivil No. 831-1979
StatusPublished

This text of 19 V.I. 418 (Quiros v. Birch) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Quiros v. Birch, 19 V.I. 418, 1983 V.I. LEXIS 53 (virginislands 1983).

Opinion

HODGE, Presiding Judge

MEMORANDUM OPINION

I.

This case is before the court on motions for summary judgment filed by plaintiff and defendant/third-party plaintiff (defendant).

Plaintiff contends that he is entitled to summary judgment because defendant has guaranteed the payment to him of an $18,500 judgment on behalf of the third-party defendant, and because he has satisfied the following two conditions precedent that trigger the defendant’s liability:

1. A final judgment must be entered by the District Court in favor of Osmond Kean and against Eustace Dench, Sr. in Civil No. 284-1972.
[420]*4202. The plaintiff must exhaust all legal and equitable remedies against Dench with respect to Parcel No. 10, Estate Mariendahl, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

Defendant claims that he is entitled to summary judgment because there was no consideration for the guaranty, and because neither of the two conditions precedent has been satisfied.

For the reasons which follow, both motions will be denied.

II.

On July 3, 1972, Osmond Kean attached all of Eustace Dench’s interest in Parcels 8, 9,10, and 11 of Estate Mariendahl, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, with respect to an action for debt and breach of contract against Eustace Dench in District Court (Civil No. 284-1972). At the time of the attachment, Osmond Kean held title to the said parcels as a tenant-in-common with Eustace Dench and Winifred Dench, as husband and wife, who held title to their interest in the properties as tenants-by-the-entirety. On July 21, 1972, pursuant to a judgment in a separate action for partition, Osmond Kean was allotted Parcels 8 and 9 of Estate Mariendahl, while Eustace Dench and Winifred Dench were allotted Parcels 10 and 11 of the said estate.

On August 2, 1972, Eustace and Winifred Dench conveyed Parcel 11 of Estate Mariendahl to Controlled Concrete Products, which was represented by defendant Everett Birch, its attorney. On September 7, 1972, Birch and Controlled Concrete Products entered into an agreement with Osmond Kean to secure the release of Parcel 11 from the writ of attachment filed previously by Kean. As part of the agreement, defendant Birch guaranteed payment to Kean of any judgment which Kean might obtain against Dench in Civil No. 284-1972. However, the agreement required that Kean exhaust all legal and equitable remedies against Dench with respect to Parcel 10, the unreleased parcel, before he may have any right against Birch under the guaranty.

Osmond Kean died on October 6, 1972, and Fausto Ramos Quiros, plaintiff herein, was duly appointed as executor of Kean’s estate. Three years later, on July 6, 1975, the District Court entered judgment against Dench in Civil No. 284-1972 and ordered him to pay Kean the sum of $18,500.00, together with costs of $312.00 and attorney’s fees of $1,000.00. In his capacity as executor of Kean’s estate, plaintiff demands that Birch satisfy the judgment entered in Kean’s favor, pursuant to his guaranty, since no payment was received from Dench. Birch’s refusal to pay the plaintiff has [421]*421resulted in this litigation and the filing of both motions for summary-judgment.

III.

A. The guaranty.

In opposing plaintiff’s demand Birch contends that his guaranty is unenforceable for want of consideration. Under the agreement, Osmond Kean released his rights under the attachment filed against Parcel 11 in exchange for the execution of the guaranty of payment by Birch. However, defendant asserts that since at the time of the attachment Parcel 11 was partially owned by Eustace Dench and his wife as tenants-by-the-entirety, it was not subject to Kean’s attachment for the debts of Eustace Dench only. Presented with a factually analogous situation, the District Court recently proved defendant’s assertion to be legally correct. In Bruckner v. Clarke, 1982 St. X. Supp. (D.V.I. 1982), the Court held that where a debt is owed by only one spouse, the creditor may neither sell, levy nor attach through a lien, property held as a tenancy-by-the-entirety. See Creque v. Creque, 19 V.I. 403 (Terr. Ct. 1983).

Because the attachment was an invalid encumbrance on the property, defendant, therefore, argues that no consideration passed from Kean to defendant for releasing Parcel 11 from the attachment. One of the most elementary principles of contract law is that in order for an agreement to constitute an enforceable contract there must be a bargained-for exchange which is called consideration. Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 71 (1981). Although defendant’s argument with respect to the invalidity of the attachment is sound, it does not follow as a legal consequence that the release of the invalid attachment failed as consideration for the execution of the guaranty.

No information has been submitted by defendant which intimates that Kean knew that the attachment was an invalid encumbrance on the property. To the contrary, the facts suggest that Kean, as well as Birch, believed the lien to be quite valid. In light of this circumstance, the release of the attachment by Kean was consideration in exchange for Birch’s conditional guaranty to pay Eustace Dench’s debt. “[T]he surrender of a claim or defense which proves to be invalid is . . . consideration [if] the . . . surrendering party believes that the claim or defense may be fairly determined to be valid.” Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 74(l)(b) (1981). Since at the time of the attachment, approximately ten years before [422]*422Bruckner, supra, Kean, the surrendering party, believed that his claim was a valid one, his release of the attachment constitutes consideration.

Moreover, defendant, a practicing attorney and a principal party to the bargain, has not claimed that there was any deception or improper pressure surrounding the execution of the agreement. Lacking such fraud or duress, the release of the attachment by Kean was supported by sufficient consideration to render the guaranty enforceable. See, Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 74(2).

B. The final judgment.

Defendant claims that no final judgment was ever secured by Kean in Civil No. 284-1972. Plaintiff disagrees, and so do I.

The record establishes that on July 16, 1975, judgment was entered in favor of Kean in Civil No. 284-1972. Inexplicably, on September 11, 1978, the District Court dismissed the action because of the purported failure of the parties to prosecute the cause with diligence. Moreover, on June 4, 1979, the court denied a motion to set aside the dismissal. However, on May 5, 1980, the District Court conceded that the dismissal of the action was caused by clerical error and reinstated the July 16,1975, judgment with full force and effect. Given the above-described scenario, defendant’s misconception regarding the status of Civil No. 284-1972 is understandable. Nevertheless, it is now indisputable that Kean was awarded a final judgment against Dench in Civil No. 284-1972 in the sum of $18,500, plus costs and fees.

C. Exhaustion of legal and equitable remedies.

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Related

Choate v. Skinner
19 V.I. 399 (Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands, 1983)

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Bluebook (online)
19 V.I. 418, 1983 V.I. LEXIS 53, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/quiros-v-birch-virginislands-1983.