No. 05-070
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2005 MT 267N
GARY L. QUIGG,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
MONTANA STATE FUND,
Respondent and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: The Workers’ Compensation Court, Honorable Mike McCarter, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Gary L. Quigg, Pro Se, Deer Lodge, Montana
For Respondent:
Greg E. Overturf, Montana State Fund, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 21, 2005
Decided: October 25, 2005 Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent. It shall be filed as
a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and its case title, Supreme Court
cause number and disposition shall be included in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable
cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Gary Quigg (Quigg) was injured while performing community service, which had
been ordered as a condition of his parole by the Montana State Board of Pardons. The
Montana State Fund (State Fund) provided Quigg with medical benefits and an impairment
award but denied Quigg’s eventual request for rehabilitation, temporary total disability and
permanent partial disability benefits. Quigg sued to get these benefits, and the Workers’
Compensation Court granted summary judgment in favor of the State Fund. Quigg now
appeals, and we affirm.
¶3 Gary Quigg is currently serving a life term in Montana State Prison. On February 5,
1993, Quigg was granted parole by the Montana State Board of Pardons. As a condition of
his parole, Quigg was required to perform seventy hours of community service. Quigg
initially objected to this condition. After the Board of Pardons informed him that refusal to
perform community service amounted to rejection of the Board’s offer of parole, however,
Quigg agreed to perform the community service.
¶4 While fulfilling his community service obligation in April 1993, a refrigerator fell on
top of Quigg and he herniated a lumbar disk. The organization that Quigg worked for while
2 completing his community service did not pay him any wage but it did pay premiums to State
Fund to provide him with workers’ compensation coverage. Accordingly, State Fund
accepted liability for Quigg’s injury and paid medical benefits and an impairment award,
pursuant to § 39-71-118(1)(f), MCA (1991).
¶5 In 1996 Quigg’s parole was revoked, and he was again incarcerated in Montana State
Prison.
¶6 In 1997 Quigg attempted to procure rehabilitation benefits, rehabilitative services,
temporary total disability and permanent partial disability benefits from State Fund.
Eventually, Quigg’s claim reached the Workers’ Compensation Court, wherein he requested
a determination that he would be entitled to these benefits if and when he is again released
from incarceration. Quigg failed, however, to request that the Workers’ Compensation Court
determine his right to rehabilitative services. The court determined that Quigg is not entitled
to temporary total disability benefits because he was earning no wage when injured. The
court also observed that § 39-71-744, MCA (1993), prohibits conferring disability or
rehabilitation benefits on a person who is incarcerated. Consequently, the court granted State
Fund’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed Quigg’s petition. The court held that
Quigg had presented a non-justiciable claim because his purported entitlement to benefits
was dependent on his hypothetical future release from incarceration; thus, his claim was not
ripe for adjudication. Quigg now appeals dismissal of his petition.
¶7 Our standard of review of the Workers’ Compensation Court’s grant of summary
judgment is de novo. Matthews v. BJS Construction, Inc., 2003 MT 116, ¶ 12, 315 Mont.
3 441, ¶ 12, 68 P.3d 865, ¶ 12 (citations omitted). Accordingly, the movant must demonstrate
that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Rule 56, M.R.Civ.P.; Matthews, ¶ 12 (citations omitted). In addition, we review the
Workers’ Compensation Court’s conclusions of law to determine whether they correctly
interpreted the law as it applies to the facts of the case. Matthews, ¶ 14 (citations omitted).
¶8 Quigg claims that the Workers’ Compensation Court erroneously granted summary
judgment in favor of State Fund. He argues that his case is ripe for adjudication because his
entitlement to disability benefits are overdue and he is entitled to receive them upon his
eventual release. He contends that he was not performing legally required community
service within the meaning of § 39-71-118(1)(f), MCA, but instead was an employee who
is entitled to full benefits. He argues that he is entitled to: vocational rehabilitation services,
pursuant to § 39-71-1014, MCA (1991); rehabilitation benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-1003,
MCA (1991); temporary total disability benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-701, MCA (1991); and
permanent partial disability benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-703, MCA (1991). Finally, Quigg
argues that § 39-71-118(1)(f)(i), MCA, violates his constitutional right to equal protection
of the law.
¶9 State Fund argues that Quigg’s claim is not ripe for adjudication because he is
ineligible to receive any benefits unless and until he is released from incarceration. State
Fund notes that unless he is treated as a person performing community service, Quigg does
not fit the statutory definition of an “employee” under the Workers’ Compensation Act, §
39-71-118, MCA (1991), and is not entitled to any benefits. State Fund asserts that because
4 Quigg was not earning a wage, he cannot be considered an “employee” under a contract of
hire.
¶10 When assessing a claimant’s entitlement to benefits under the Workers’ Compensation
Act, we apply the statutes in effect at the time the claimant was injured. Dunnington v. State
Compensation Ins. Fund, 2000 MT 349, ¶ 12, 303 Mont. 252, ¶ 12, 15 P.3d 475, ¶ 12 (citing
Hale v. Royal Logging, 1999 MT 302, ¶ 14, 297 Mont. 165, ¶ 14, 990 P.2d 1245, ¶ 14).
Thus, § 39-71-101, MCA (1991) et seq., govern our resolution of this case.
¶11 In his petition for a hearing before the Workers’ Compensation Court, Quigg
requested that the court order that he is entitled to rehabilitation benefits. In his response to
State Fund’s motion for summary judgment, Quigg likewise argues that he is entitled to
rehabilitation benefits.1 The Workers’ Compensation Court granted summary judgment in
favor of State Fund on the grounds that Quigg could not receive rehabilitation benefits while
incarcerated. Quigg asserts his entitlement, pursuant to § 39-71-1014, MCA (1991), to
rehabilitation services for the first time on appeal. We will not entertain an issue or theory
raised for the first time on appeal. Preston v. Transportation Ins. Co., 2004 MT 339, ¶ 31,
324 Mont. 225, ¶ 31, 102 P.3d 527, ¶ 31. Accordingly, we dismiss Quigg’s claim that he is
entitled to rehabilitation services.
¶12 Rehabilitation benefits are statutorily defined as pecuniary benefits that an injured
worker may receive to cover the costs of vocational rehabilitation. Section 39-71-1011(3),
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No. 05-070
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2005 MT 267N
GARY L. QUIGG,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
MONTANA STATE FUND,
Respondent and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: The Workers’ Compensation Court, Honorable Mike McCarter, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Gary L. Quigg, Pro Se, Deer Lodge, Montana
For Respondent:
Greg E. Overturf, Montana State Fund, Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 21, 2005
Decided: October 25, 2005 Filed:
__________________________________________ Clerk Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, the following decision shall not be cited as precedent. It shall be filed as
a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and its case title, Supreme Court
cause number and disposition shall be included in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable
cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Gary Quigg (Quigg) was injured while performing community service, which had
been ordered as a condition of his parole by the Montana State Board of Pardons. The
Montana State Fund (State Fund) provided Quigg with medical benefits and an impairment
award but denied Quigg’s eventual request for rehabilitation, temporary total disability and
permanent partial disability benefits. Quigg sued to get these benefits, and the Workers’
Compensation Court granted summary judgment in favor of the State Fund. Quigg now
appeals, and we affirm.
¶3 Gary Quigg is currently serving a life term in Montana State Prison. On February 5,
1993, Quigg was granted parole by the Montana State Board of Pardons. As a condition of
his parole, Quigg was required to perform seventy hours of community service. Quigg
initially objected to this condition. After the Board of Pardons informed him that refusal to
perform community service amounted to rejection of the Board’s offer of parole, however,
Quigg agreed to perform the community service.
¶4 While fulfilling his community service obligation in April 1993, a refrigerator fell on
top of Quigg and he herniated a lumbar disk. The organization that Quigg worked for while
2 completing his community service did not pay him any wage but it did pay premiums to State
Fund to provide him with workers’ compensation coverage. Accordingly, State Fund
accepted liability for Quigg’s injury and paid medical benefits and an impairment award,
pursuant to § 39-71-118(1)(f), MCA (1991).
¶5 In 1996 Quigg’s parole was revoked, and he was again incarcerated in Montana State
Prison.
¶6 In 1997 Quigg attempted to procure rehabilitation benefits, rehabilitative services,
temporary total disability and permanent partial disability benefits from State Fund.
Eventually, Quigg’s claim reached the Workers’ Compensation Court, wherein he requested
a determination that he would be entitled to these benefits if and when he is again released
from incarceration. Quigg failed, however, to request that the Workers’ Compensation Court
determine his right to rehabilitative services. The court determined that Quigg is not entitled
to temporary total disability benefits because he was earning no wage when injured. The
court also observed that § 39-71-744, MCA (1993), prohibits conferring disability or
rehabilitation benefits on a person who is incarcerated. Consequently, the court granted State
Fund’s motion for summary judgment and dismissed Quigg’s petition. The court held that
Quigg had presented a non-justiciable claim because his purported entitlement to benefits
was dependent on his hypothetical future release from incarceration; thus, his claim was not
ripe for adjudication. Quigg now appeals dismissal of his petition.
¶7 Our standard of review of the Workers’ Compensation Court’s grant of summary
judgment is de novo. Matthews v. BJS Construction, Inc., 2003 MT 116, ¶ 12, 315 Mont.
3 441, ¶ 12, 68 P.3d 865, ¶ 12 (citations omitted). Accordingly, the movant must demonstrate
that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law. Rule 56, M.R.Civ.P.; Matthews, ¶ 12 (citations omitted). In addition, we review the
Workers’ Compensation Court’s conclusions of law to determine whether they correctly
interpreted the law as it applies to the facts of the case. Matthews, ¶ 14 (citations omitted).
¶8 Quigg claims that the Workers’ Compensation Court erroneously granted summary
judgment in favor of State Fund. He argues that his case is ripe for adjudication because his
entitlement to disability benefits are overdue and he is entitled to receive them upon his
eventual release. He contends that he was not performing legally required community
service within the meaning of § 39-71-118(1)(f), MCA, but instead was an employee who
is entitled to full benefits. He argues that he is entitled to: vocational rehabilitation services,
pursuant to § 39-71-1014, MCA (1991); rehabilitation benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-1003,
MCA (1991); temporary total disability benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-701, MCA (1991); and
permanent partial disability benefits, pursuant to § 39-71-703, MCA (1991). Finally, Quigg
argues that § 39-71-118(1)(f)(i), MCA, violates his constitutional right to equal protection
of the law.
¶9 State Fund argues that Quigg’s claim is not ripe for adjudication because he is
ineligible to receive any benefits unless and until he is released from incarceration. State
Fund notes that unless he is treated as a person performing community service, Quigg does
not fit the statutory definition of an “employee” under the Workers’ Compensation Act, §
39-71-118, MCA (1991), and is not entitled to any benefits. State Fund asserts that because
4 Quigg was not earning a wage, he cannot be considered an “employee” under a contract of
hire.
¶10 When assessing a claimant’s entitlement to benefits under the Workers’ Compensation
Act, we apply the statutes in effect at the time the claimant was injured. Dunnington v. State
Compensation Ins. Fund, 2000 MT 349, ¶ 12, 303 Mont. 252, ¶ 12, 15 P.3d 475, ¶ 12 (citing
Hale v. Royal Logging, 1999 MT 302, ¶ 14, 297 Mont. 165, ¶ 14, 990 P.2d 1245, ¶ 14).
Thus, § 39-71-101, MCA (1991) et seq., govern our resolution of this case.
¶11 In his petition for a hearing before the Workers’ Compensation Court, Quigg
requested that the court order that he is entitled to rehabilitation benefits. In his response to
State Fund’s motion for summary judgment, Quigg likewise argues that he is entitled to
rehabilitation benefits.1 The Workers’ Compensation Court granted summary judgment in
favor of State Fund on the grounds that Quigg could not receive rehabilitation benefits while
incarcerated. Quigg asserts his entitlement, pursuant to § 39-71-1014, MCA (1991), to
rehabilitation services for the first time on appeal. We will not entertain an issue or theory
raised for the first time on appeal. Preston v. Transportation Ins. Co., 2004 MT 339, ¶ 31,
324 Mont. 225, ¶ 31, 102 P.3d 527, ¶ 31. Accordingly, we dismiss Quigg’s claim that he is
entitled to rehabilitation services.
¶12 Rehabilitation benefits are statutorily defined as pecuniary benefits that an injured
worker may receive to cover the costs of vocational rehabilitation. Section 39-71-1011(3),
Quigg’s response repeatedly refers to rehabilitation “benefits” that he purportedly 1
should receive, pursuant to § 39-71-1006, MCA, although he argues that he is entitled to them pursuant to § 39-71-1014, MCA, which relates to rehabilitation services.
5 MCA (1991). Quigg is not eligible to receive such rehabilitation benefits while he is
incarcerated. Section 39-71-744, MCA (1991). When the existence of a controversy is
merely speculative or the issue raised is only hypothetical, this Court will not act. The
Montana Power Co. v. Montana Public Service Comm’n, 2001 MT 102, ¶ 32, 305 Mont.
260, ¶ 32, 26 P.3d 91, ¶ 32 (citation omitted). Here, Quigg’s future entitlement to
rehabilitation benefits, if any, is contingent on his release from incarceration and thus is
merely speculative. The Workers’ Compensation Court correctly held that this issue is not
ripe for adjudication and is non-justiciable.
¶13 Likewise, Quigg is not eligible for disability benefits while he is incarcerated. See
§ 39-71-744, MCA (1991). Nevertheless, Quigg requests disability benefits that purportedly
were due prior to his being re-imprisoned. Whereas rehabilitation benefits are intended to
enable the injured worker to search for new employment or obtain job training, disability
benefits are intended to compensate the worker for lost wages. In this case, Quigg cannot
procure new employment or job training until he is released, so his disability benefits cannot
be overdue. Indeed, he has not suggested that he could receive these benefits while he
remains in prison. Quigg argues, however, that disability benefits are overdue for the wages
he lost prior to his being re-imprisoned and that his legal right to them would pass to his
estate if he were to die in prison. Accordingly, we will comment briefly on the merits of his
purported right to disability benefits.
¶14 Assuming, arguendo, that Quigg was entitled to disability benefits, the Workers’
Compensation Court nonetheless correctly granted summary judgment with respect to his
6 claims for temporary total disability benefits and permanent partial disability benefits. Such
weekly benefits consist of 66-2/3 percent of an injured worker’s average wage during the
four pay periods immediately preceding the injury. Section 39-71-123(3), MCA (1991);
§ 39-71-701(3), MCA (1991); § 39-71-703(4), MCA (1991). Wages from concurrent
employment should be considered in calculating one’s wage. Section 39-71-123(4), MCA
(1991); Lovell v. State Compensation Mut. Ins. Fund (1993), 260 Mont. 279, 287, 860 P.2d
95, 100. Quigg received no wage for the community service he performed. Quigg asserts
that he was “unable to resume his regular employment” as a result of his injury. Yet, he does
not provide any admissible evidence of the wages he earned in his purportedly concurrent
employment nor in what capacity he was employed, let alone confirmation that he was
concurrently employed when injured. Accordingly, we conclude that he had earned no
wages and therefore could not recover any amount in disability benefits.
¶15 Having determined that the Workers’ Compensation Court correctly granted summary
judgment with respect to each of Quigg’s claims for relief without invoking § 39-71-
118(1)(f), MCA (1991), we will not address his challenge to the constitutionality of this
provision. See State v. Still (1995), 273 Mont. 261, 263, 902 P.2d 546, 548 (citations
omitted).
¶16 Therefore, we affirm.
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
We concur:
7 /S/ KARLA M. GRAY /S/ JIM RICE /S/ JOHN WARNER /S/ BRIAN MORRIS