1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 HANNA Q. RHEE, No. 2:18-CV-0105-DAD-DMC 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 ALEXANDRA M. ALVAREZ, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 18 Plaintiff, who is proceeding pro se, brings this civil action. Pending before the 19 Court is the motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s first amended complaint filed by Defendants Medical 20 Board of California, Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Michelle Bholat, Nathan Lavid, Reinhardt Hilzinger, 21 Roberto Moya, Xavier Becerra, Alexandra Alvarez, and Megan O’Carroll (collectively “State 22 Defendants”)1. See ECF No. 61. For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiff’s first amended 23 complaint is deemed withdrawn, State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is stricken, and Plaintiff is 24 directed to file a first amended complaint in accordance with the District Court’s order of March 25 21, 2022. 26 / / / 27 1 Pursuant to the District Judge’s March 21, 2022, order, this action currently 28 proceeds against Defendants Alvarez and Bonta only. See ECF No. 59. 1 Plaintiff filed her original complaint against Defendants Medical Board of 2 California, Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Michelle Bholat, Nathan Lavid, Reinhardt Hilzinger, Roberto 3 Moya, Xavier Becerra, Alexandra Alvarez, and Megan O’Carroll alleging: (1) “Right to equal 4 protection under the law”; (2) Violation of Right to Privacy and related due process, et al.”; 5 (3) “Violation of Right to Free Speech, Press, Peaceably Assemble, et al.”; and (4) “Violation of 6 Right to work and related due process, et al.” ECF No. 1, pgs. 12-15. Plaintiff sought monetary 7 damages and injunctive relief. See id. at 15. 8 In response, State Defendants filed a motion to dismiss. See ECF No. 12. State 9 Defendants primarily argued that the Court should decline to exercise jurisdiction under Younger 10 v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). See ECF No. 12-1. The State Defendants also argued: 11 (1) Defendant Medical Board of California (MBOC) as well as the individual State Defendants 12 acting in their official capacities were immune from suit under the Eleventh Amendment; 13 (2) Defendants Bholat, Kirchmeyer, O’Carroll, and Alvarez were entitled to absolute immunity as 14 judges/prosecutors; (3) Defendants Lavid, Hilzinger, and Moya were entitled to qualified 15 immunity; (4) Plaintiff could not state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against any of the State 16 Defendants acting in his or her official capacity; and (5) Plaintiff failed to allege facts showing 17 any violation of federal law as to any State Defendant. See id. 18 Thereafter, the Court issued findings and recommendations and, inter alia, 19 concluded the Court should abstain under Younger and recommended dismissal of the entire 20 action. See ECF No. 35, pg. 6. The District Judge issued an order adopting the findings and 21 recommendations in part and referring the matter back to the assigned Magistrate Judge for 22 further consideration of Defendants’ motion to dismiss as to abstention under Younger. See ECF 23 No. 40, pg. 4. Notwithstanding, as to the State Defendants, the District Judge held:
24 1. Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant Medical Board of California are barred in their entirety by the Eleventh Amendment. 25 2. Plaintiff’s claims for damages against the State Defendants 26 are barred by the Eleventh Amendment to the extent the State Defendants are sued in their official capacities. 27
28 / / / 1 3. Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants Medical Board of California, Kirchmeyer, O’Carroll, and Bholat are dismissed with 2 prejudice on the basis of absolute quasi-judicial and/or quasi-prosecutorial immunity. 3 4. Plaintiff’s claims for damages against Defendants Alvarez 4 and Becerra are dismissed with prejudice.
5 5. Plaintiff claims for injunctive relief against Defendants Alvarez and Becerra are dismissed with leave to amend. 6 See ECF No. 40. 7 8 On January 5, 2022, the Magistrate Judge filed supplemental findings and 9 recommendations and findings and recommendations. See ECF No. 53. On March 21, 2022, the 10 District Judge adopted the supplemental findings and recommendations in full and held with 11 respect to the State Defendants as follows:
12 1. The supplemental findings and recommendations and findings and recommendations filed January 5, 2022, are adopted in full; 13 2. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is denied insofar 14 as they argue the Court should abstain from exercising jurisdiction pursuant to Younger; 15 3. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is denied insofar 16 as they argue they are not “persons” for purposes of § 1983;
17 4. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is granted insofar as they argue Plaintiff fails to state a claim against Defendants Moya, 18 Lavid, and Hilzinger and these defendants are entitled to qualified immunity; 19 5. Defendants Moya, Lavid, and Hilzinger are dismissed with 20 prejudice;
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22 8. Plaintiff is directed to file a first amended complaint as to her claims for injunctive relief against Defendants Alvarez and Becerra 23 within 30 days of the date of this order.
24 ECF No. 59. 25 On April 18, 2022, Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint. See ECF No. 60. In 26 her first amended complaint Plaintiff alleges violations arising under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1983, 27 American Disabilities Act of 1990, Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d, 5 28 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(C), claims intentional infliction of emotional distress, and seeks injunctive 1 relief (“FAC”). See ECF No. 60, pgs. 9-22. No summons has been issued with respect to any 2 defendants newly named in the FAC, and other than this motion on behalf of State Defendants, no 3 other named Defendant has made an appearance. 4 On May 25, 2022, State Defendants filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s FAC. See 5 ECF No. 61. Generally, State Defendants contend the FAC should be dismissed for two reasons 6 (1) this Court lacks jurisdiction to enjoin the actions of the State Defendants because Plaintiff 7 lacks standing under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1), and (2) the FAC should be 8 dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under Federal Rule of 9 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). See id., pgs. 2, 7. Specifically, State Defendants assert Plaintiff lacks 10 standing because the conduct with which Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief—the revocation of her 11 medical license—is a past injury. Also, State Defendants assert that the Court dismissed with 12 prejudice Plaintiff’s claims for damages based on quasi-judicial or quasi-prosecutorial immunity 13 and that any claims against these State Defendants now should be dismissed with prejudice also 14 because such claims in the FAC are based on the same factual allegations as in the original 15 complaint. See id., pg. 7. 16 On July 6, 2022, Plaintiff filed a response to State Defendants’ motion to dismiss. 17 See ECF No. 64. In her response, Plaintiff asserts that “when given the opportunity to file an 18 amended complaint by this Court, Plaintiff sought to save the $400+ filing fee by combining her 19 next federal lawsuit with the current one,” apparently seeking to save money on filing fees which 20 would be required to initiate a new action. Id., pg. 2.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 HANNA Q. RHEE, No. 2:18-CV-0105-DAD-DMC 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 ALEXANDRA M. ALVAREZ, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 18 Plaintiff, who is proceeding pro se, brings this civil action. Pending before the 19 Court is the motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s first amended complaint filed by Defendants Medical 20 Board of California, Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Michelle Bholat, Nathan Lavid, Reinhardt Hilzinger, 21 Roberto Moya, Xavier Becerra, Alexandra Alvarez, and Megan O’Carroll (collectively “State 22 Defendants”)1. See ECF No. 61. For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiff’s first amended 23 complaint is deemed withdrawn, State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is stricken, and Plaintiff is 24 directed to file a first amended complaint in accordance with the District Court’s order of March 25 21, 2022. 26 / / / 27 1 Pursuant to the District Judge’s March 21, 2022, order, this action currently 28 proceeds against Defendants Alvarez and Bonta only. See ECF No. 59. 1 Plaintiff filed her original complaint against Defendants Medical Board of 2 California, Kimberly Kirchmeyer, Michelle Bholat, Nathan Lavid, Reinhardt Hilzinger, Roberto 3 Moya, Xavier Becerra, Alexandra Alvarez, and Megan O’Carroll alleging: (1) “Right to equal 4 protection under the law”; (2) Violation of Right to Privacy and related due process, et al.”; 5 (3) “Violation of Right to Free Speech, Press, Peaceably Assemble, et al.”; and (4) “Violation of 6 Right to work and related due process, et al.” ECF No. 1, pgs. 12-15. Plaintiff sought monetary 7 damages and injunctive relief. See id. at 15. 8 In response, State Defendants filed a motion to dismiss. See ECF No. 12. State 9 Defendants primarily argued that the Court should decline to exercise jurisdiction under Younger 10 v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). See ECF No. 12-1. The State Defendants also argued: 11 (1) Defendant Medical Board of California (MBOC) as well as the individual State Defendants 12 acting in their official capacities were immune from suit under the Eleventh Amendment; 13 (2) Defendants Bholat, Kirchmeyer, O’Carroll, and Alvarez were entitled to absolute immunity as 14 judges/prosecutors; (3) Defendants Lavid, Hilzinger, and Moya were entitled to qualified 15 immunity; (4) Plaintiff could not state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against any of the State 16 Defendants acting in his or her official capacity; and (5) Plaintiff failed to allege facts showing 17 any violation of federal law as to any State Defendant. See id. 18 Thereafter, the Court issued findings and recommendations and, inter alia, 19 concluded the Court should abstain under Younger and recommended dismissal of the entire 20 action. See ECF No. 35, pg. 6. The District Judge issued an order adopting the findings and 21 recommendations in part and referring the matter back to the assigned Magistrate Judge for 22 further consideration of Defendants’ motion to dismiss as to abstention under Younger. See ECF 23 No. 40, pg. 4. Notwithstanding, as to the State Defendants, the District Judge held:
24 1. Plaintiff’s claims against Defendant Medical Board of California are barred in their entirety by the Eleventh Amendment. 25 2. Plaintiff’s claims for damages against the State Defendants 26 are barred by the Eleventh Amendment to the extent the State Defendants are sued in their official capacities. 27
28 / / / 1 3. Plaintiff’s claims against Defendants Medical Board of California, Kirchmeyer, O’Carroll, and Bholat are dismissed with 2 prejudice on the basis of absolute quasi-judicial and/or quasi-prosecutorial immunity. 3 4. Plaintiff’s claims for damages against Defendants Alvarez 4 and Becerra are dismissed with prejudice.
5 5. Plaintiff claims for injunctive relief against Defendants Alvarez and Becerra are dismissed with leave to amend. 6 See ECF No. 40. 7 8 On January 5, 2022, the Magistrate Judge filed supplemental findings and 9 recommendations and findings and recommendations. See ECF No. 53. On March 21, 2022, the 10 District Judge adopted the supplemental findings and recommendations in full and held with 11 respect to the State Defendants as follows:
12 1. The supplemental findings and recommendations and findings and recommendations filed January 5, 2022, are adopted in full; 13 2. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is denied insofar 14 as they argue the Court should abstain from exercising jurisdiction pursuant to Younger; 15 3. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is denied insofar 16 as they argue they are not “persons” for purposes of § 1983;
17 4. The State Defendants’ motion to dismiss is granted insofar as they argue Plaintiff fails to state a claim against Defendants Moya, 18 Lavid, and Hilzinger and these defendants are entitled to qualified immunity; 19 5. Defendants Moya, Lavid, and Hilzinger are dismissed with 20 prejudice;
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22 8. Plaintiff is directed to file a first amended complaint as to her claims for injunctive relief against Defendants Alvarez and Becerra 23 within 30 days of the date of this order.
24 ECF No. 59. 25 On April 18, 2022, Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint. See ECF No. 60. In 26 her first amended complaint Plaintiff alleges violations arising under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1983, 27 American Disabilities Act of 1990, Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d, 5 28 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(C), claims intentional infliction of emotional distress, and seeks injunctive 1 relief (“FAC”). See ECF No. 60, pgs. 9-22. No summons has been issued with respect to any 2 defendants newly named in the FAC, and other than this motion on behalf of State Defendants, no 3 other named Defendant has made an appearance. 4 On May 25, 2022, State Defendants filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s FAC. See 5 ECF No. 61. Generally, State Defendants contend the FAC should be dismissed for two reasons 6 (1) this Court lacks jurisdiction to enjoin the actions of the State Defendants because Plaintiff 7 lacks standing under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1), and (2) the FAC should be 8 dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted under Federal Rule of 9 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). See id., pgs. 2, 7. Specifically, State Defendants assert Plaintiff lacks 10 standing because the conduct with which Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief—the revocation of her 11 medical license—is a past injury. Also, State Defendants assert that the Court dismissed with 12 prejudice Plaintiff’s claims for damages based on quasi-judicial or quasi-prosecutorial immunity 13 and that any claims against these State Defendants now should be dismissed with prejudice also 14 because such claims in the FAC are based on the same factual allegations as in the original 15 complaint. See id., pg. 7. 16 On July 6, 2022, Plaintiff filed a response to State Defendants’ motion to dismiss. 17 See ECF No. 64. In her response, Plaintiff asserts that “when given the opportunity to file an 18 amended complaint by this Court, Plaintiff sought to save the $400+ filing fee by combining her 19 next federal lawsuit with the current one,” apparently seeking to save money on filing fees which 20 would be required to initiate a new action. Id., pg. 2. Plaintiff states that “[t]he next federal 21 lawsuit was to address civil rights violations brought by the Defendants’ confiscation of 22 Plaintiff’s property on August 16, 2019”; whereas Plaintiff’s original complaint pertained to 23 October 2017 conduct by the State Defendants. Id. Plaintiff seeks “leave to file a second 24 amended complaint which would only address civil rights violations related to the [October 2017] 25 conduct” originally alleged and “as instructed by the Court.” Id. State Defendants have not filed 26 any reply to Plaintiff’s response. 27 / / / 28 / / / ] Here, it is clear that the pleading Plaintiff filed as her FAC does not relate to the 2 || underlying remaining claims in this case, but instead purports to assert entirely new claims based 3 || ona different set of events. In her opposition to the pending motion to dismiss the FAC, Plaintiff 4 || essentially seeks leave to cure this defect by filing a new FAC in compliance with the District 5 || Judge’s March 21, 2022, order. State Defendants have not filed a reply to Plaintiff's opposition. 6 || The Court construes Plaintiff's opposition as a request to withdraw the FAC and for additional 7 || time to file a replacement FAC addressing the remaining claims in this action. So construed, 8 | Plaintiff's FAC will be deemed withdrawn and the Court will set a deadline for filing of a 9 || replacement FAC. Plaintiff may pursue any new claims raised in the current FAC by way of a 10 || separately filed new action. Given withdrawal of the FAC, State Defendants’ motion to dismiss 11 | that pleading is stricken. 12 Plaintiff is informed that, as a general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the 13 || original complaint. Therefore, the Court cannot refer to the prior pleading in order to make 14 || Plaintiff's amended complaint complete. See Local Rule 220. Plaintiff's replacement FAC must 15 || be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. See id. Plaintiffis also cautioned 16 | that failure to file a replacement FAC within the time permitted may result in dismissal of the 17 || entire action as against all remaining defendants for lack of prosecution and failure to comply 18 || with Court rules and orders. See Local Rule 110. 19 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 20 1. Plaintiff's first amended complaint, ECF No. 60 is deemed withdrawn. 21 2. State Defendants’ motion to dismiss, ECF No. 61, is stricken. 22 3. Plaintiff shall file a replacement first amended complaint within 30 days of 23 || the date of this order. 24 25 | Dated: November 14, 2022 Co 07 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 28