1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 AN JON MARQUIS DOUGLAS, No. 2:23-cv-02320-TLN-CKD (PS) 12 Plaintiffs, 13 v. ORDER 14 WARNER BROTHERS FILM, 15 Defendant 16
17 18 Plaintiff, An Jon Marquis Douglas, proceeds without counsel and seeks relief under 42 19 U.S.C. § 1983. This matter is referred to the undersigned by Local Rule 302(c)(21) pursuant to 28 20 U.S.C. § 636. Plaintiff’s complaint (ECF No. 1) is before the court for screening. Plaintiff also 21 requests to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff’s application makes the showing 22 required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915, so the request to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. For the 23 reasons set forth below, the complaint fails to state a claim, but plaintiff is granted leave to file an 24 amended complaint. 25 I. SCREENING REQUIREMENT 26 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), the court must screen every in forma pauperis 27 proceeding, and must order dismissal of the case if it is “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a 28 claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is 1 immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 2 (2000). In performing this screening, the court liberally construes a pro se plaintiff’s pleadings. 3 See Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir. 1987). 4 II. PLEADING STANDARDS 5 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 6 pleader is entitled to relief....” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 7 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 8 conclusory statements, do not suffice[.]” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell 9 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). While factual allegations are accepted as 10 true, legal conclusions are not. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Courts “are not required to indulge 11 unwarranted inferences[.]” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) 12 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 13 Pro se litigants are entitled to have their pleadings liberally construed and to have any 14 doubt resolved in their favor, Eldridge, 832 F.2d at 1137, but a plaintiff’s claims must be facially 15 plausible to survive screening. Facial plausibility for a claim requires sufficient factual detail to 16 allow the court to reasonably infer that a named defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. 17 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 18 III. ALLEGATIONS IN THE COMPLAINT 19 Plaintiff alleges that New Line Cinema, which is owned and operated by defendant, 20 Warner Brothers Pictures, “starts with a play on my name[.]” (ECF No. 1 at 5.) “Then it comes on 21 and tells what I did when my girlfriend came back from out of town call three woman and 22 [illegible] to make it work.” (Id.) “It even has a part where it speaks about the street I was on 23 when I was not wearing the rubber made.” (Id.) Plaintiff alleges the challenged matter constitutes 24 “[s]tolen Intellectual copyright trademark property.” (Id.) Plaintiff seeks monetary damages. (Id. 25 at 6.) 26 IV. THE COMPLAINT MUST BE DISMISSED 27 The complaint does not comply with Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 which requires a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to 1 relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). A complaint that fails to comply with Rule 8 is subject to 2 dismissal. See Nevijel v. N. Coast Life Ins. Co., 651 F.2d 671, 673 (9th Cir. 1981). 3 Plaintiff’s complaint is short, but it does not show plaintiff is entitled to relief and does 4 not give the defendant fair notice of any claims. See Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 5 837, 840-41 (9th Cir. 2000) (a plaintiff bears the burden of separately setting forth his legal 6 claims and for each claim, briefly and clearly providing the facts supporting the claim so that the 7 court and the defendants are readily able to understand the claims); McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 8 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (affirming dismissal of complaint that left the court “guessing as to 9 what facts support the legal claims being asserted against certain defendants”). Conclusory 10 allegations fail to state a claim. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-557 (naked assertions, labels and 11 conclusions, and formulaic recitations of the elements of a cause of action do not suffice to state a 12 claim). 13 Because the complaint does not give defendant fair notice of any claims, the complaint 14 does not comply with Rule 8 of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure. In addition, the complaint does 15 not state a claim for copyright infringement or a trademark violation. 16 “Proof of copyright infringement requires [a plaintiff] to show: (1) that he owns a valid 17 copyright in [a work]; and (2) that [the defendant] copied protected aspects of the work.” 18 Skidmore as Tr. for Randy Craig Wolfe Tr. v. Led Zeppelin, 952 F.3d 1051, 1064 (9th Cir. 2020). 19 In order to maintain an infringement action, a plaintiff must have registered the subject work with 20 the Copyright Office. 17 U.S.C. § 411(a); see also Fourth Estate Pub. Benefit Corp. v. Wall- 21 Street.com, LLC, 139 S. Ct. 881, 887 (2019) (“Before pursuing an infringement claim in court, 22 however, a copyright claimant generally must comply with [17 U.S.C.] § 411(a)’s requirement 23 that ‘registration of the copyright claim has been made.’ § 411(a).”). 24 Here, plaintiff does not allege he owns any copyrighted material that has been registered, 25 or that any specific acts infringed upon plaintiff’s copyright. Thus, the complaint does not state a 26 copyright infringement claim. 27 “To prevail on a claim of trademark infringement under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 28 1114, a party must prove: (1) that it has a protectable ownership interest in the mark; and (2) that 1 | the defendant’s use of the mark is likely to cause consumer confusion.” Network Automation, 2 | Inc. v. Advanced Sys. Concepts, Inc., 638 F.3d 1137, 1144 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation and quotation 3 || marks omitted).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 AN JON MARQUIS DOUGLAS, No. 2:23-cv-02320-TLN-CKD (PS) 12 Plaintiffs, 13 v. ORDER 14 WARNER BROTHERS FILM, 15 Defendant 16
17 18 Plaintiff, An Jon Marquis Douglas, proceeds without counsel and seeks relief under 42 19 U.S.C. § 1983. This matter is referred to the undersigned by Local Rule 302(c)(21) pursuant to 28 20 U.S.C. § 636. Plaintiff’s complaint (ECF No. 1) is before the court for screening. Plaintiff also 21 requests to proceed in forma pauperis. (ECF No. 2.) Plaintiff’s application makes the showing 22 required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915, so the request to proceed in forma pauperis is granted. For the 23 reasons set forth below, the complaint fails to state a claim, but plaintiff is granted leave to file an 24 amended complaint. 25 I. SCREENING REQUIREMENT 26 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), the court must screen every in forma pauperis 27 proceeding, and must order dismissal of the case if it is “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a 28 claim on which relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is 1 immune from such relief.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 2 (2000). In performing this screening, the court liberally construes a pro se plaintiff’s pleadings. 3 See Eldridge v. Block, 832 F.2d 1132, 1137 (9th Cir. 1987). 4 II. PLEADING STANDARDS 5 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 6 pleader is entitled to relief....” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 7 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 8 conclusory statements, do not suffice[.]” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell 9 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). While factual allegations are accepted as 10 true, legal conclusions are not. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Courts “are not required to indulge 11 unwarranted inferences[.]” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) 12 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 13 Pro se litigants are entitled to have their pleadings liberally construed and to have any 14 doubt resolved in their favor, Eldridge, 832 F.2d at 1137, but a plaintiff’s claims must be facially 15 plausible to survive screening. Facial plausibility for a claim requires sufficient factual detail to 16 allow the court to reasonably infer that a named defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. 17 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. 18 III. ALLEGATIONS IN THE COMPLAINT 19 Plaintiff alleges that New Line Cinema, which is owned and operated by defendant, 20 Warner Brothers Pictures, “starts with a play on my name[.]” (ECF No. 1 at 5.) “Then it comes on 21 and tells what I did when my girlfriend came back from out of town call three woman and 22 [illegible] to make it work.” (Id.) “It even has a part where it speaks about the street I was on 23 when I was not wearing the rubber made.” (Id.) Plaintiff alleges the challenged matter constitutes 24 “[s]tolen Intellectual copyright trademark property.” (Id.) Plaintiff seeks monetary damages. (Id. 25 at 6.) 26 IV. THE COMPLAINT MUST BE DISMISSED 27 The complaint does not comply with Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 which requires a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to 1 relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). A complaint that fails to comply with Rule 8 is subject to 2 dismissal. See Nevijel v. N. Coast Life Ins. Co., 651 F.2d 671, 673 (9th Cir. 1981). 3 Plaintiff’s complaint is short, but it does not show plaintiff is entitled to relief and does 4 not give the defendant fair notice of any claims. See Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 5 837, 840-41 (9th Cir. 2000) (a plaintiff bears the burden of separately setting forth his legal 6 claims and for each claim, briefly and clearly providing the facts supporting the claim so that the 7 court and the defendants are readily able to understand the claims); McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 8 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (affirming dismissal of complaint that left the court “guessing as to 9 what facts support the legal claims being asserted against certain defendants”). Conclusory 10 allegations fail to state a claim. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-557 (naked assertions, labels and 11 conclusions, and formulaic recitations of the elements of a cause of action do not suffice to state a 12 claim). 13 Because the complaint does not give defendant fair notice of any claims, the complaint 14 does not comply with Rule 8 of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure. In addition, the complaint does 15 not state a claim for copyright infringement or a trademark violation. 16 “Proof of copyright infringement requires [a plaintiff] to show: (1) that he owns a valid 17 copyright in [a work]; and (2) that [the defendant] copied protected aspects of the work.” 18 Skidmore as Tr. for Randy Craig Wolfe Tr. v. Led Zeppelin, 952 F.3d 1051, 1064 (9th Cir. 2020). 19 In order to maintain an infringement action, a plaintiff must have registered the subject work with 20 the Copyright Office. 17 U.S.C. § 411(a); see also Fourth Estate Pub. Benefit Corp. v. Wall- 21 Street.com, LLC, 139 S. Ct. 881, 887 (2019) (“Before pursuing an infringement claim in court, 22 however, a copyright claimant generally must comply with [17 U.S.C.] § 411(a)’s requirement 23 that ‘registration of the copyright claim has been made.’ § 411(a).”). 24 Here, plaintiff does not allege he owns any copyrighted material that has been registered, 25 or that any specific acts infringed upon plaintiff’s copyright. Thus, the complaint does not state a 26 copyright infringement claim. 27 “To prevail on a claim of trademark infringement under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 28 1114, a party must prove: (1) that it has a protectable ownership interest in the mark; and (2) that 1 | the defendant’s use of the mark is likely to cause consumer confusion.” Network Automation, 2 | Inc. v. Advanced Sys. Concepts, Inc., 638 F.3d 1137, 1144 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation and quotation 3 || marks omitted). As a threshold matter concerning ownership of a mark, “the party claiming 4 || ownership must have been the first to actually use the mark in the sale of goods or services.” 5 || Rearden LLC v. Rearden Commerce, Inc., 683 F.3d 1190, 1203 (9th Cir. 2012). 6 Here, plaintiff does not allege he has a protectable ownership interest in a trademark 7 || which he was the first to use. The complaint does not state a trademark claim. 8 V. CONCLUSION 9 The complaint must be dismissed, but plaintiff is granted leave to amend. See Lucas v. 10 | Dep’t of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir. 1995) (“Unless it is absolutely clear that no amendment 11 || can cure the defect... a pro se litigant is entitled to notice of the complaint’s deficiencies and an 12 || opportunity to amend prior to dismissal of the action.”). An amended complaint should be titled 13 | “First Amended Complaint.” Local Rule 220 requires that an amended complaint be complete by 14 | itself without reference to any prior pleading. In any amended complaint, as in an original 15 || complaint, each claim and the involvement of each defendant must be sufficiently alleged. See 16 | Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 1967). 17 In accordance with the above, IT IS ORDERED as follows: 18 1. The Clerk of the Court is directed to correct the docket’s spelling of plaintiff's last 19 | name from Dowglas to Douglas; 20 2. Plaintiffs request to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is granted; 21 3. Plaintiff's complaint (ECF No. 1) is dismissed with leave to amend; and 22 4. Plaintiff is granted thirty days from the date of service of this order to file an amended 23 || complaint that complies with the requirements of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the 24 || Local Rules of Practice; failure to file an amended complaint in accordance with this order will 25 || result in a recommendation that this action be dismissed. 26 || Dated: November 6, 2023 / a8 } i | / p , {a ce 7 CAROLYNK. DELANEY 9g || SDouglas.23cv2320.sern UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE