Pryor v. State

861 S.W.2d 544, 314 Ark. 212, 1993 Ark. LEXIS 482
Supreme Court of Arkansas·Decided September 20, 1993·No. CR 93-156·Published·Cited by 17 cases

Opinion

Robert L. Brown, Justice.

This is an appeal from two convictions for delivery of crack cocaine. The appellant, Minnie Pryor, was sentenced as a habitual offender and received 35 years and a fine of $25,000 for one conviction and 20 years on the second, with the time to serve to run consecutively. She raises several points on appeal, none of which has merit. We affirm.

On November 22,1991, investigator Roger Mashburn of the Wynne Police Department met with an informant, Sammy White, for the purpose of setting up a drug buy from Minnie Pryor. White went to Pryor’s home at 1201 West Poplar in Wynne, where he purchased six rocks of crack cocaine from the appellant for $50.00. On November 23, 1991, Investigator Neal Webster dropped the same Sammy White off at the appellant’s house at the same location to make a buy. White purchased crack cocaine for $100.00. The appellant was arrested and charged with two counts of delivery of a controlled substance. Subsequently, an amended information was filed charging the appellant as a habitual offender.

At the trial of this matter Kim Brown, a chemist for the Arkansas State Crime Lab, testified that she had tested the substances that had been purchased from Pryor in November 1991 and that they tested positive for a cocaine base. She added that she received the substances in question from Wilbur English of the Cross County Sheriffs Department.

The State then moved to introduce State’s Exhibit #2, a sealed envelope purporting to contain crack cocaine purchased from Pryor on November 22, 1991. The court received the evidence without objection from Pryor’s counsel. The State then offered into evidence State’s Exhibit #3, the purported controlled substance purchased from Pryor on November 23, 1991. After the defense responded that it had no objection to the introduction of this evidence, Exhibit #3 was also received.

Sammy White later testified that he had purchased the crack cocaine from the appellant on November 22, 1991, and November 23, 1991. The prosecutor asked this witness several questions which culminated in White’s answer that his sister had been sold drugs by Pryor. Defense counsel objected and asked that the jury be admonished. The trial court admonished the jury not to consider White’s response.

After White’s testimony, the State rested and defense counsel asked to make several motions. In chambers, he moved to strike State’s Exhibits 2 and 3 — the crack cocaine — on the basis that the State failed to prove that the chain of custody had been preserved. The trial court denied the motion.

Counsel also moved for a mistrial, citing the numerous questions the State asked White which led to his comment about Pryor’s selling drugs to his sister. The State argued that the motion was untimely and contended that the defense had opened the door for these questions. The motion was denied.

Defense counsel then raised the issue of whether the appellant could be charged as a habitual offender. Of the appellant’s two alleged convictions, according to the argument, one involved a nolo contendere plea for possession of a controlled substance. The trial court ruled that the nolo contendere plea counted as a prior conviction for purposes of the habitual offender statute and that the State could cross-examine the appellant regarding the two convictions.

Minnie Pryor testified in her case-in-chief and denied selling crack cocaine on November 22, 1991, and November 23, 1991. She introduced docket sheets as defense exhibits evidencing her nolo contendere plea to possession of a controlled substance and her guilty plea to forgery. She was cross-examined on both convictions.

The jury returned a verdict of guilty on the two November 1991 counts for delivery of crack cocaine.

During the penalty phase, the State argued that the jury should impose the maximum penalty stating that the Department of Corrections had a “place for her for as long as she is physically able to stay there.” Defense counsel, in his closing argument, retorted that Pryor was age 42 and that in 60 years she would be 102. The prosecutor responded in his closing argument that if Pryor received a 60-year sentence, she would be out in 20 years. The defense objected to this argument and asked for an admonishment and mistrial. The State responded that the defense had opened the door for the response on time to be served. The court instructed the jury that it was not to consider the State’s remarks about what period of time someone might serve as a result of whatever penalty was assessed. The court then denied the motion to declare a mistrial.

The appellant was sentenced to a total of 55 years on the two counts and a fine of $25,000.00.

For her first point, Pryor contends that the trial court erred when it denied her motion to exclude the crack cocaine tested by the State Crime Lab because the State did not prove that the chain of custody had been preserved. Specifically, the appellant claims that there was no record of how the evidence was transported from the Cross County Sheriffs Department to the Crime Lab. The chemist from the Crime Lab did testify that the cocaine was delivered to her by Wilbur English, but Pryor argues that English should have testified to establish this. The appellant further contends that the evidence was tampered with because the informant, Sammy White, stated that he purchased more than three rocks of cocaine. However, when the exhibit was introduced into evidence, it only contained three rocks.

We agree that the purpose of establishing a chain of custody is to prevent the introduction of evidence that is not authentic or that has been tampered with. Davasher v. State, 308 Ark. 154, 823 S.W.2d 863 (1992); Neal v. State, 298 Ark. 565, 769 S.W.2d 414 (1989). It is not necessary that the State eliminate every possibility of tampering; instead, the trial court must be satisfied that in all reasonable probability the evidence has not been tampered with. Van Pelt v. State, 306 Ark. 624, 816 S.W.2d 607 (1991); Holbird v. State, 301 Ark. 382, 784 S.W.2d 171 (1990). However, in order to raise the issue of untrustworthiness due to a break in the custody chain, an objection must be made at the time the evidence in question is offered. Dixon v. State, 310 Ark. 460, 839 S.W.2d 173 (1992). A chain of custody objection made after the evidence has been admitted is not timely. Id.

Here, the appellant did not object to the introduction of State’s Exhibit #2 and specifically stated that there was “no objection” to the introduction of State’s Exhibit #3. Instead, she waited to object to both exhibits until after the State had rested. This failure to act at first opportunity resulted in an objection that was untimely. The issue is not preserved for appeal.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Pryor v. State, 861 S.W.2d 544, 314 Ark. 212, 1993 Ark. LEXIS 482 (Ark. 1993).

861 S.W.2d 544 (Pryor v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

United States v. Quincy Chambers
133 F.4th 812 (Eighth Circuit, 2025)
Anthony v. State
2014 Ark. 195 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 2014)
Davis v. Sheriff
308 S.W.3d 169 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2009)
Hawkins v. State
105 S.W.3d 397 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2003)
Guydon v. State
39 S.W.3d 767 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 2001)
Guydon v. State
34 S.W.3d 804 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2000)
McChristian v. State
20 S.W.3d 461 (Court of Appeals of Arkansas, 2000)
Dodson v. State
14 S.W.3d 489 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 2000)
State v. Evans
508 S.E.2d 606 (West Virginia Supreme Court, 1998)
White v. State
958 S.W.2d 519 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1997)
Minnie Pryor v. Larry Norris
Eighth Circuit, 1997
Lee v. State
931 S.W.2d 433 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1996)
Patterson v. Odell
909 S.W.2d 648 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1995)
Harris v. State
907 S.W.2d 729 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1995)
Cook v. State
894 S.W.2d 589 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1995)
Cooper v. State
879 S.W.2d 405 (Supreme Court of Arkansas, 1994)