Protonotarios v. Duggan

12 Mass. L. Rptr. 389
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedNovember 15, 2000
DocketNo. CA99053L2
StatusPublished

This text of 12 Mass. L. Rptr. 389 (Protonotarios v. Duggan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Protonotarios v. Duggan, 12 Mass. L. Rptr. 389 (Mass. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

Fremont-Smith, J.

The following facts are undisputed. Plaintiff is a student at the University of Massachusetts Lowell (“University”). He currently is attending classes there. His complaint alleges that the University disciplined him in contravention of its disciplinary rules, so that his six-month suspension from the University was in violation of his due process rights, and hence of 42 U.S.C. §1983.

Plaintiff had faced two disciplinary actions at the University in the fall of 1998. In the first, he was accused of misappropriating a computer message board valued at more than $300 from a stockroom where he was a student employee. Plaintiff did not contest this charge, and admitted it occurred. He also faced criminal charges arising out of the theft, which were continued without a finding, with plaintiff paying a fine of $250. As a result of this uncontested incident, he was placed on Disciplinary Probation with Restrictions, which is the highest form of punishment the University has which does not involve suspension or expulsion. One of the conditions of his restrictions was that he should not work on campus for the probation period, which was to run to at least August 1999.

Later in the fall of 1998, the University brought a second set of disciplinary charges against him, which have given rise to this lawsuit. These involve the theft and improper use of a “student roster" which contained, with respect to each student at the University, the name, address, date of birth and social security number. The roster was used, with his knowledge, to harass other students, by falsely telephoning students to tell them they had large, overdue amounts owed on their credit cards. A number of students who received such calls were upset and frightened, and reported them to the University police. In a written statement to the University police, plaintiff admitted he had taken the roster and knew that it was being misused by someone placing telephone calls from his room who was pretending to be employed by a credit card collection agency.

Although plaintiff was notified that the University would bring disciplinary charges against him, he was informed at the same time that no criminal charges were contemplated. He was notified that the sanction proposed by the University was suspension through August 1999, with probation for one year upon return to the University. He requested a hearing on the charges.

In the University’s “student conduct code and judicial process,” the “standards” provide, inter alia, that “no student shall assault, threaten, harass, stalk, haze or otherwise physically or psychologically abuse any other person . . .” With respect to property, it provides “no student shall take, possess, damage or deface any University or neighborhood property or any property not his/her own.”

With respect to disciplinary procedures, it provides that a student will be notified in writing of the date, time and location of the hearing in sufficient time to prepare for it, that hearings are closed and a tape will be made of the hearing, that both parties may request [390]*390a submission of written, factual accounts by witnesses and may request that the authors appear at the hearing, that each student appearing at the hearing may have an advisor of his or her choice from the University community, and that the accused student may hear and question all witnesses. It further provides that “a student may elect to be accompanied at all formal proceedings of the judicial entity by an advisor of his/her choice. The advisor must be a member of the faculty, staff or student body of the University except that legal counsel may accompany a student, at the student’s discretion (and at the student’s expense), when a criminal charge arising from the matter before the judiciary is pending or is considered likely . . . absent a pending criminal charge or the bona fide likelihood thereof, the advisor must be drawn from within the University community.”

The hearing took place on November 19, 1998, at which the plaintiff appeared with his attorney. Plaintiff had previously requested the attendance of his attorney, and had been notified that, since the University was not contemplating or taking steps to pursue criminal charges against him, he was not entitled to have an attorney attend the hearing. Defendant Duggan, the Dean of Students, recused herself as head of the judicial hearing board (which consisted of three students and three university representatives) because of her involvement in the previous disciplinary proceeding. She appointed Mary Connolly who is the Director of Student Activities, Student Centers and Community Services to chair the Board in her stead. The hearing lasted approximately two and one-half hours, with one hour to hear evidence and the rest for deliberation. At the hearing, plaintiff altered his story from the written statement he had previously given to the police, contending that he had not taken the roster, but that it had been taken by his twin brother and that he was ignorant that it was being wrongfully used. The Hearing Board, by a vote of 6-0, found that plaintiff was guilty of the charges against him. (Ms. Connolly did not cast a vote, which she would do only if there were a tie.) There followed a lengthy discussion with respect to whether suspension would be the proper sanction. The members of the Board voted 3-3, so Ms. Connolly cast the tie-breaking vote to impose that penalty. The Board then agreed to shorten the period of suspension from August 1999 to May 1999.

Plaintiff then elected, as was his right under the Code of Conduct, to appeal the decision of the Judicial Hearing Board to the University’s Associate Provost, defendant Rahmeier. After meeting with plaintiff, he declined to reverse the decision of the Board. (Because of Mr. Rahmeier’s not having been informed with respect to the shortened length of the proposed suspension, a judge of this court, in denying plaintiffs motion for a preliminary injunction, ordered that the length of the suspension should be only until May 1999.) Plaintiff resumed attending classes in the summer of 1999.

It is true that a student does have limited due process rights, and a student disciplinary procedure must comport with general notions of fundamental fairness. Gorman v. University of Rhode Island, 837 F.2d 12 (1st Cir. 1988), citing Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565, 574-75 (1975). While due process and fundamental fairness do require some kind of notice and some kind of hearing, “due process which may be said to mean fair procedure, is not a fixed or rigid concept, but, rather, is a flexible standard which varies depending on the nature of the interest affected, and the circumstances of the deprivation.” Gorman, supra, at 12. “Generally, in examining administrative proceedings, the presumption [of fairness in conducting the disciplinary proceeding] favors administrators, and the burden is upon the party challenging the action to produce evidence sufficient to rebut the presumption." Gorman, supra at 15; see also Schaer v. Brandeis University, 432 Mass. 474 (2000) (university is as a matter of basic fairness not required to abide by the rules of evidence).

Plaintiffs primary contention that he was denied fundamental fairness arises out of the fact that his counsel was barred from the hearing. Here, plaintiff was specifically informed prior to the hearing that no criminal charges were contemplated.

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Related

Goss v. Lopez
419 U.S. 565 (Supreme Court, 1975)
Hegarty v. Somerset County
53 F.3d 1367 (First Circuit, 1994)
Soto v. Carrasquillo
103 F.3d 1056 (First Circuit, 1997)
Swain v. Spinney
117 F.3d 1 (First Circuit, 1997)
Coveney v. President & Trustees of the College of the Holy Cross
445 N.E.2d 136 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
Schaer v. Brandeis University
735 N.E.2d 373 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 2000)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
12 Mass. L. Rptr. 389, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/protonotarios-v-duggan-masssuperct-2000.