INT HEU NITSETDA TDEISS TRCIOCUTR T FORT HEE ASTEDRINS TROIFCV TI RGINIA RichmDoinvdi sion PROGRESASMIEVREI CAN ) INSURACNOCMEP ANY, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) CivAicltN ioo3.n: 2c1v 592-HEH ) JIRHEOHU SIEN,C e.at,l ., ) ) Defendant)s . MEMORANDOUPMI NION (GranPtlianignM toitfifof'orsSn u mmaJruyd gment) THIMSA TTEiRbs e fotrheCe o uornPt r ogrAemsesriiIvcneas nu rance Compa(n"yP'lsa oir"n Ptriofgfr'Me ostsifoiorvSn eu "m)m Jaurdyg (mte"hnMeto tion") filoendM ay20 2,0 2(2E.CN Fo3 .8 T.h)Me o tiaostnkh sCe o utrdot e cltahraet Progrheasnssod i uvttedoy e feonrd indDeemfneinJfydo ayAncnteWn i ggoirn s DefendJainrte h IHnioctnu.h s ueen ,d eralcytibinrogon ui gtnhh Ctei rCcouuiortftt h e CiotfPy e terVsibrugr(igMn,oia ta1t..- 21 T.h)pea rhtaivseeus b mimtetmeodr anda suppotrhteriienrsg p epcotsiiovtneti hoMeno st iaonindit ns o rwi foprer eviTehwe. Couhretao rrdaa rlg uomneJ nutnI6 e 2, 0 2F2o.tr hr ee assotnast eda nabdsse tlaotwe d atth hee artihCneog u,wr itgl rlat nhMteo tion. 1T hCeo uwrirtle ltfe torh uen derclaypsieenn gdi itnnh Cgei rCcouuiorttft h C ei otfy PeterSstbouuWrtig g,vgN .io n7.s3 ,0 -C-21a0st0 h0"e4U 1n5d-eA0rc0lt yiiTonhnge. " compiltnah icanattws iebl erl e fertraoest dh " eU ndeCrolmypilna(giE nCNtFo3. .8" - 9.) I.STANDAORFDR EVIEW PurstuRoau nl5te6 s ,u mmjaudgimasep nptr o"pitrfhim eao tveas nhtot whsa t ry theirnseo g enudiinsepa ustt aoen m ya tefarciatan tldh meo vainestn tittjolu eddg ment asam atotfelra FwE.DR"..C IPV5..6 (Tah)re.e leivnaqnuit"is w hetthheeev ri dence ry presaes nutfsfid ciiseangtr teroee mqesunuitbr mei tsaos[ itoroniffa e crot r]w hetihites r soo ne-tshioadntepe da rmtuysp tr eavsaam ialt ter AonfdleavrwL.s.i o"bn eL orbtyb y, In4c7 .7U, . 2S4.22 5,1 -(15 928 6). Oncame o tfoiros nu mmjaudgimpser notp meardalenys d u ppotrhtee d, ry oppopsairnhtygat shb eu rodfse hno wtihnaagg te nufaicntedu iaslpe uxtiSese tes . MatsuEslheIicnt.daC u osv..Z. e nRiatdhCi oor 4p7.U5,. 5S7.54 8,5 -(8169 8"6[)T.] he mereex isotfse onmcee afalcltedugiaesldpb uettewt ehpeean rt wiienlsol dt ee faatn otheprrwoipsseeur plpyom rottefoidros nu mmjaudgmtehrneet q;u iirtseh mtaehtne tr e ry ben og enuiisnsoeufm e a tefarcitaA.ln" d er4s7Uo7.n aS,2t. 4 7-A4m 8a.t efarciitas l onteh maitg ahfftet choteu tcoofamp ea rctya'ssIe d.a. 2t 4 H8o;g vaB.ne aum7o7n9t , FeAdp.p 1'6x14 6,(6 4 Ctih2r 0.1 A9g )e.n uiisnsceuo en cearm naitnefagrc iotan ll y ariwsheetsnh e ev idveinecwieetn,dh l ei mghotsfa tv ortatobh lneeo nmopvairnitgsy , suffitcaoi lelnaort we asotnraoibffael crtet ro e tauv rne ridtnih cpeta rfatvyo'rs. Ander4s7Uo1.n aS,2t. 4 8. Theex isotfaem necrseec inotfei vlildiaesn nu cpepo oftr hnteo nmopvairantsgy wealscl o nclaulsloegoardt einoinasl sm,o rawerii,etn hsouufttfiwo ci itehnast t and ry summjaudgmentT omvmoH. to isVopen.n. t LuLrC9e,8sF 0 . 130d2 7,( 41Ct0ih3r 7. ry 202A0c)c.o rdtidone gnalmy yo ,t foiros nu mmjaudgm"e[ntdt]i,hs epfa ucttmesud s t ry bem atetraoin ia slsn ueec esfosrta hpryer orpeesro louftt hcieao sanen t,dh qeu aalnidt y quanotfti hetevy i doeffnecrteceo dr eaaq tuee sotffai comtnu sbtea dequate." ThompEsvoenrI envtcN.t.a , 'tC I a bAldev e5r7Ft ..13,3d 1 173,2( 34C tih1r 9.9 5) (citi
Ander47s 7Uo .naS,2t. 5 2W)h.e anp pltyhisenu gm mjaurdyg smteanntd ard, cour muscto nstthfarecu tiestn h lei gmhotsfa tv ortatobh lneeo nmopvairantngmyd a nyo t makcer edidbeitleirtym oirnw aetitighehoev n isd eHnoclelv.aW. na dsH ho.m eIsn,c ., 48F7. 32d0 281,(34 tChi 2r0.0 7).
II.BACKGROUND Appltyhisintsga ntdharere dl,efa vcatansrat esfo lloDwesfe:n dJainrHteo hu se, In(c".J Hiorueshie as"g )r,oh uopmt eh caatrfo eras d uwlititsnh t eldliescatb2uialli ties (P'lMs.e mS.u pap2t.E, C NFo 3.8 -A1s.p )ao rfct a rfoirnt gh oasdeu JlitrHseo,hu se hatdto r antshpetomaor n tfrd o mm ediacpaplo in(tSmieed.nae 5tt .s F).o trh piusr pose, i2n 01J9i,rH eohuo swen tewdvo e hiacnlbdeo sui gnhstu croavnecforera t gheo se
vehitchlreoaspu oglhii scsybu yPe rdo gr(ets"hsPeio vlei cy"M)e.m O.p( pSa'ttno ut's 2E,C NFo 4.0 P;o licy 2DE,eC cNFlo 3s.8. - 4a.t) v eThhiwoceslraeeDe so dGgrea nd CaraavnaadPn l ymGoruatVnhod y a3g (ePro.Dleiccaly2ts . .)
2T hCeo uirntc lsuodmueens d isfapcuttthsaea rdnte o i tn cliuendi ettdhh Ueenr d erlying ComploarPi rnotg reisnssiupvroeal'nfoiscrcc e oy n tbeutxthit en, c loutfsh iefaoscnedt osne ost chatnhgueel tiomuattcoeotf mh Meeo tion. 3T hPeo lailcisyno s aut rheidr d aFv oeWrhidin csl(tePa,or Dl,ei ccaly2ts ) ., t hpbeau rtt ies agrtehJeai trH eohus soetl hdva eth pircitl2ooe0r 1 (9S toMuetmO'.ps p a'tn T 2h)Fe.o rd Winsltiakrree lmyao intn hePedo luincnyo,tb iecceatduh,se e iPtoslheiablcdefy re enn ewed continsuion2cu0es0( l7P'y.lMs .e mS.u papt. 2.) In2 01D9e,fe ndJaonyAtcn eWn i gg(i"nWsi gwgoirnskfo"erJ)d i rHeohu se. (UndeCrolmypi1ln4E.g,C NFo 3.8 -A9s.p )ao rfht e jro Wbi,g gtirnasn sJpiorrethe d Hoursees itdoaen nfrdto smm ediacpaplo in(tPmleM.ne'tmSss.u . p ap5t.. O )nM ay1 3,
201W9i,g ghiantdsdo riovneeJ iorHfeo hu sree'ssi bdaecfrnkot masm edical appoinbtuomtte henemtrp, l owyeeraeels r euasdiJyni grH eohu stew'vose hicles. (StoMuetmO'.ps p a'2tn- 3T.h)uW si,g gdirnohsve oerw cna arN ,i sAslatni mpai,c kt o upt hJei rHeohur sees i(dPelnM.te'.mSs .u pap5t.U; n derlyi,rn5 g.W )hC iolmep l. drivtihNneig s Aslatnti pomi auc pkt hree siWdiegngtci,on lslw iidatenhdo tvheehri cle ,r,r dribvyDe enfe ndAasnhtSl teoy(u "tS to(uUtn"d)e.Cr olmypiln6.g- 7S.t)o ut ,r sustvaairniieonduj sufr roimte hcseo ll(iIsd.o1 n2..S )t osuute d WaingJdgi irnesh Houfosren egliagreinoscuioetnft g ha ec ciidsnet ncatot eu( rItd..) LatPerro,g rfielsteshdili vasew ssueietkad i encgl afrroamtt hiCioosnu t rhta t Progrdeosnessoih tva eva end yu ttdoye foerin ndd emWniigfygo irJn isrH eohui stneh e underalcyti4i (noAgnm C..o mpal1t.0 -E1C1NF,o 2.2 .As)s taatbeodPv lea,i hnatsi ff nofiwl tehdMe o tiaosnkt ihncego utrtro e sotlhcviaesos nes ummjauryd gment. IIIA.NALYSIS Asap relimmaitnwtahereryhn, e araci anasgre i osuiotnfd g i vejrusriitsyad ictio fedecroaulmr utsa tp ptlhcyeh ooiflcw aer uloefts hfo er usmt aCtAeCl.In tI'nvlcS.,.t .
PaFuilar neMd a rIinn5se6. F6., 3 1d5 105,(44 tChi 2r0.0 (c9 i)t KilnagCx oov.n.
4D efendSatnaFtta erM mu tAuuatlo mIonbsiulCreoa mnpc(ae"n SyFt aartmDe"e )fe,n dant Virginiao fCA osusnoGtcriioeaSustep il ofn- IRnisPsuokr(o a"lAnV Cc OeR Pa"nD)de, fe ndant GEICIOn demCnoimtp(ya" nGyE IaCrOie"n )c,la usDd eefedn diatnnh Amtees n dCeodm plaint becatuhiseneys vuarrepi aoruitstni h eUesn derAlcytii(noAgnmC ..o m,rpl1,r.1 -13.) StenEtloeMrcf .gC .o3 .1,U3 . 4S8.47 9,6 -(91794 I1nt) h)ci.as st ehfo,er usmt iast e VirgIiVnni irag."i tnlhiaeoaw ft, h pel awcheea rnie n sucroannticrsea cwatrn idt ten delivaeprpelBdiu"ec sh.av nD.ao ne ,S .4E32.182 29d9, (1 V 1a9.9 P3e)nN;na .'tM I u t.
CaIsn.Cs o.v. B. l oRcoko fiCnogr7 p5.F4,S. u p2pd8. 1 892,(2 E .VDa2..0 1T0h)e. Poliitnch yci asws aeds e litvJoei rrHeeodhu i sVnei rgainwndri iait Vnti erng inia. (PolEiCcNFyo 3,.8 -T5h.uV)si ,r gliaanwpi pal ies. ThCeo uwritfil rlcs otn sPirdoegrr edsusttidoyve efW'eisng dg oirJni srH eohu se. IVni rgaic noiudare,tc iwdhientaghni e nrs huarasde urtt doye fael nadw msuusitt only
constihadele rl egiatnth uieno dnesrc loymipnalgnat dihi nent s uproalniictcesyA e ElSf . CorvpS..t eaIdnf7sa2.sS,5t. E5.3252d3, (5 V 2a0.1 P2e)nN;na .t7 '5/F4,S. u p2pda. t 822-s2eS3etP; .a uFli r5e6F,6. a31td5 3T.hs ios- cEailgClhoetrd nR eurilssset rictly enforAcEeCSdo .r 7p2.S5,. Ea.5t23 d5T .h uiscn,o nsitdhMeeor tiintoghCn eo, um raty oncloyn stihUdene dre rlyinagn PdCr oomgprleasisnitv e's Policy.
"[Ai]nns udruettrdoy'e sfe intsdr igigtfehreiearsdne p y o ssitbhaia lti ty judgamgeantithn iesn ts wuirbleecld o veurnedtdehi ren surancSetP .ap uFolil riec,y ." 56F6. a31td5 (5q uoBtoihnrvgeE. er rIi neGs r.p4 .7F,5S. u pp5.7 5828,d(4 E .VDa..
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
INT HEU NITSETDA TDEISS TRCIOCUTR T FORT HEE ASTEDRINS TROIFCV TI RGINIA RichmDoinvdi sion PROGRESASMIEVREI CAN ) INSURACNOCMEP ANY, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) CivAicltN ioo3.n: 2c1v 592-HEH ) JIRHEOHU SIEN,C e.at,l ., ) ) Defendant)s . MEMORANDOUPMI NION (GranPtlianignM toitfifof'orsSn u mmaJruyd gment) THIMSA TTEiRbs e fotrheCe o uornPt r ogrAemsesriiIvcneas nu rance Compa(n"yP'lsa oir"n Ptriofgfr'Me ostsifoiorvSn eu "m)m Jaurdyg (mte"hnMeto tion") filoendM ay20 2,0 2(2E.CN Fo3 .8 T.h)Me o tiaostnkh sCe o utrdot e cltahraet Progrheasnssod i uvttedoy e feonrd indDeemfneinJfydo ayAncnteWn i ggoirn s DefendJainrte h IHnioctnu.h s ueen ,d eralcytibinrogon ui gtnhh Ctei rCcouuiortftt h e CiotfPy e terVsibrugr(igMn,oia ta1t..- 21 T.h)pea rhtaivseeus b mimtetmeodr anda suppotrhteriienrsg p epcotsiiovtneti hoMeno st iaonindit ns o rwi foprer eviTehwe. Couhretao rrdaa rlg uomneJ nutnI6 e 2, 0 2F2o.tr hr ee assotnast eda nabdsse tlaotwe d atth hee artihCneog u,wr itgl rlat nhMteo tion. 1T hCeo uwrirtle ltfe torh uen derclaypsieenn gdi itnnh Cgei rCcouuiorttft h C ei otfy PeterSstbouuWrtig g,vgN .io n7.s3 ,0 -C-21a0st0 h0"e4U 1n5d-eA0rc0lt yiiTonhnge. " compiltnah icanattws iebl erl e fertraoest dh " eU ndeCrolmypilna(giE nCNtFo3. .8" - 9.) I.STANDAORFDR EVIEW PurstuRoau nl5te6 s ,u mmjaudgimasep nptr o"pitrfhim eao tveas nhtot whsa t ry theirnseo g enudiinsepa ustt aoen m ya tefarciatan tldh meo vainestn tittjolu eddg ment asam atotfelra FwE.DR"..C IPV5..6 (Tah)re.e leivnaqnuit"is w hetthheeev ri dence ry presaes nutfsfid ciiseangtr teroee mqesunuitbr mei tsaos[ itoroniffa e crot r]w hetihites r soo ne-tshioadntepe da rmtuysp tr eavsaam ialt ter AonfdleavrwL.s.i o"bn eL orbtyb y, In4c7 .7U, . 2S4.22 5,1 -(15 928 6). Oncame o tfoiros nu mmjaudgimpser notp meardalenys d u ppotrhtee d, ry oppopsairnhtygat shb eu rodfse hno wtihnaagg te nufaicntedu iaslpe uxtiSese tes . MatsuEslheIicnt.daC u osv..Z. e nRiatdhCi oor 4p7.U5,. 5S7.54 8,5 -(8169 8"6[)T.] he mereex isotfse onmcee afalcltedugiaesldpb uettewt ehpeean rt wiienlsol dt ee faatn otheprrwoipsseeur plpyom rottefoidros nu mmjaudgmtehrneet q;u iirtseh mtaehtne tr e ry ben og enuiisnsoeufm e a tefarcitaA.ln" d er4s7Uo7.n aS,2t. 4 7-A4m 8a.t efarciitas l onteh maitg ahfftet choteu tcoofamp ea rctya'ssIe d.a. 2t 4 H8o;g vaB.ne aum7o7n9t , FeAdp.p 1'6x14 6,(6 4 Ctih2r 0.1 A9g )e.n uiisnsceuo en cearm naitnefagrc iotan ll y ariwsheetsnh e ev idveinecwieetn,dh l ei mghotsfa tv ortatobh lneeo nmopvairnitgsy , suffitcaoi lelnaort we asotnraoibffael crtet ro e tauv rne ridtnih cpeta rfatvyo'rs. Ander4s7Uo1.n aS,2t. 4 8. Theex isotfaem necrseec inotfei vlildiaesn nu cpepo oftr hnteo nmopvairantsgy wealscl o nclaulsloegoardt einoinasl sm,o rawerii,etn hsouufttfiwo ci itehnast t and ry summjaudgmentT omvmoH. to isVopen.n. t LuLrC9e,8sF 0 . 130d2 7,( 41Ct0ih3r 7. ry 202A0c)c.o rdtidone gnalmy yo ,t foiros nu mmjaudgm"e[ntdt]i,hs epfa ucttmesud s t ry bem atetraoin ia slsn ueec esfosrta hpryer orpeesro louftt hcieao sanen t,dh qeu aalnidt y quanotfti hetevy i doeffnecrteceo dr eaaq tuee sotffai comtnu sbtea dequate." ThompEsvoenrI envtcN.t.a , 'tC I a bAldev e5r7Ft ..13,3d 1 173,2( 34C tih1r 9.9 5) (citi
Ander47s 7Uo .naS,2t. 5 2W)h.e anp pltyhisenu gm mjaurdyg smteanntd ard, cour muscto nstthfarecu tiestn h lei gmhotsfa tv ortatobh lneeo nmopvairantngmyd a nyo t makcer edidbeitleirtym oirnw aetitighehoev n isd eHnoclelv.aW. na dsH ho.m eIsn,c ., 48F7. 32d0 281,(34 tChi 2r0.0 7).
II.BACKGROUND Appltyhisintsga ntdharere dl,efa vcatansrat esfo lloDwesfe:n dJainrHteo hu se, In(c".J Hiorueshie as"g )r,oh uopmt eh caatrfo eras d uwlititsnh t eldliescatb2uialli ties (P'lMs.e mS.u pap2t.E, C NFo 3.8 -A1s.p )ao rfct a rfoirnt gh oasdeu JlitrHseo,hu se hatdto r antshpetomaor n tfrd o mm ediacpaplo in(tSmieed.nae 5tt .s F).o trh piusr pose, i2n 01J9i,rH eohuo swen tewdvo e hiacnlbdeo sui gnhstu croavnecforera t gheo se
vehitchlreoaspu oglhii scsybu yPe rdo gr(ets"hsPeio vlei cy"M)e.m O.p( pSa'ttno ut's 2E,C NFo 4.0 P;o licy 2DE,eC cNFlo 3s.8. - 4a.t) v eThhiwoceslraeeDe so dGgrea nd CaraavnaadPn l ymGoruatVnhod y a3g (ePro.Dleiccaly2ts . .)
2T hCeo uirntc lsuodmueens d isfapcuttthsaea rdnte o i tn cliuendi ettdhh Ueenr d erlying ComploarPi rnotg reisnssiupvroeal'nfoiscrcc e oy n tbeutxthit en, c loutfsh iefaoscnedt osne ost chatnhgueel tiomuattcoeotf mh Meeo tion. 3T hPeo lailcisyno s aut rheidr d aFv oeWrhidin csl(tePa,or Dl,ei ccaly2ts ) ., t hpbeau rtt ies agrtehJeai trH eohus soetl hdva eth pircitl2ooe0r 1 (9S toMuetmO'.ps p a'tn T 2h)Fe.o rd Winsltiakrree lmyao intn hePedo luincnyo,tb iecceatduh,se e iPtoslheiablcdefy re enn ewed continsuion2cu0es0( l7P'y.lMs .e mS.u papt. 2.) In2 01D9e,fe ndJaonyAtcn eWn i gg(i"nWsi gwgoirnskfo"erJ)d i rHeohu se. (UndeCrolmypi1ln4E.g,C NFo 3.8 -A9s.p )ao rfht e jro Wbi,g gtirnasn sJpiorrethe d Hoursees itdoaen nfrdto smm ediacpaplo in(tPmleM.ne'tmSss.u . p ap5t.. O )nM ay1 3,
201W9i,g ghiantdsdo riovneeJ iorHfeo hu sree'ssi bdaecfrnkot masm edical appoinbtuomtte henemtrp, l owyeeraeels r euasdiJyni grH eohu stew'vose hicles. (StoMuetmO'.ps p a'2tn- 3T.h)uW si,g gdirnohsve oerw cna arN ,i sAslatni mpai,c kt o upt hJei rHeohur sees i(dPelnM.te'.mSs .u pap5t.U; n derlyi,rn5 g.W )hC iolmep l. drivtihNneig s Aslatnti pomi auc pkt hree siWdiegngtci,on lslw iidatenhdo tvheehri cle ,r,r dribvyDe enfe ndAasnhtSl teoy(u "tS to(uUtn"d)e.Cr olmypiln6.g- 7S.t)o ut ,r sustvaairniieonduj sufr roimte hcseo ll(iIsd.o1 n2..S )t osuute d WaingJdgi irnesh Houfosren egliagreinoscuioetnft g ha ec ciidsnet ncatot eu( rItd..) LatPerro,g rfielsteshdili vasew ssueietkad i encgl afrroamtt hiCioosnu t rhta t Progrdeosnessoih tva eva end yu ttdoye foerin ndd emWniigfygo irJn isrH eohui stneh e underalcyti4i (noAgnm C..o mpal1t.0 -E1C1NF,o 2.2 .As)s taatbeodPv lea,i hnatsi ff nofiwl tehdMe o tiaosnkt ihncego utrtro e sotlhcviaesos nes ummjauryd gment. IIIA.NALYSIS Asap relimmaitnwtahereryhn, e araci anasgre i osuiotnfd g i vejrusriitsyad ictio fedecroaulmr utsa tp ptlhcyeh ooiflcw aer uloefts hfo er usmt aCtAeCl.In tI'nvlcS.,.t .
PaFuilar neMd a rIinn5se6. F6., 3 1d5 105,(44 tChi 2r0.0 (c9 i)t KilnagCx oov.n.
4D efendSatnaFtta erM mu tAuuatlo mIonbsiulCreoa mnpc(ae"n SyFt aartmDe"e )fe,n dant Virginiao fCA osusnoGtcriioeaSustep il ofn- IRnisPsuokr(o a"lAnV Cc OeR Pa"nD)de, fe ndant GEICIOn demCnoimtp(ya" nGyE IaCrOie"n )c,la usDd eefedn diatnnh Amtees n dCeodm plaint becatuhiseneys vuarrepi aoruitstni h eUesn derAlcytii(noAgnmC ..o m,rpl1,r.1 -13.) StenEtloeMrcf .gC .o3 .1,U3 . 4S8.47 9,6 -(91794 I1nt) h)ci.as st ehfo,er usmt iast e VirgIiVnni irag."i tnlhiaeoaw ft, h pel awcheea rnie n sucroannticrsea cwatrn idt ten delivaeprpelBdiu"ec sh.av nD.ao ne ,S .4E32.182 29d9, (1 V 1a9.9 P3e)nN;na .'tM I u t.
CaIsn.Cs o.v. B. l oRcoko fiCnogr7 p5.F4,S. u p2pd8. 1 892,(2 E .VDa2..0 1T0h)e. Poliitnch yci asws aeds e litvJoei rrHeeodhu i sVnei rgainwndri iait Vnti erng inia. (PolEiCcNFyo 3,.8 -T5h.uV)si ,r gliaanwpi pal ies. ThCeo uwritfil rlcs otn sPirdoegrr edsusttidoyve efW'eisng dg oirJni srH eohu se. IVni rgaic noiudare,tc iwdhientaghni e nrs huarasde urtt doye fael nadw msuusitt only
constihadele rl egiatnth uieno dnesrc loymipnalgnat dihi nent s uproalniictcesyA e ElSf . CorvpS..t eaIdnf7sa2.sS,5t. E5.3252d3, (5 V 2a0.1 P2e)nN;na .t7 '5/F4,S. u p2pda. t 822-s2eS3etP; .a uFli r5e6F,6. a31td5 3T.hs ios- cEailgClhoetrd nR eurilssset rictly enforAcEeCSdo .r 7p2.S5,. Ea.5t23 d5T .h uiscn,o nsitdhMeeor tiintoghCn eo, um raty oncloyn stihUdene dre rlyinagn PdCr oomgprleasisnitv e's Policy.
"[Ai]nns udruettrdoy'e sfe intsdr igigtfehreiearsdne p y o ssitbhaia lti ty judgamgeantithn iesn ts wuirbleecld o veurnedtdehi ren surancSetP .ap uFolil riec,y ." 56F6. a31td5 (5q uoBtoihnrvgeE. er rIi neGs r.p4 .7F,5S. u pp5.7 5828,d(4 E .VDa.. 200(7r)e)fe trtorh ipinrsgi nacsti hppeol tee nrtuilPaeula)tin. to ytw haeyitr,fh e insuproalnwicoceuyn l ocdto vaenoryft h ael legiatnth cieoo mnpslt ahiienn sthu,ar se r
nod uttdoye fenPde.nN na.'t7 l 5,F4 S. u p2pda. 8t 2 A3E;S C7o2rS5p. .E,a. 5t23 d5 - 36. HertehU,en derCloymipnlgaa lilnetg'iasmt pilJoiincrsae the HWoiugsgei nasn.d Iatl ltehgWaeitsg gniengsl idgreohnvetverle yh ainccdla eu tsheaedc cident. (UndeCrolmypi1ln41.g- 1I0f.tu) r atlhleterhg JaeitsrH eohui svsei carliioafoubrsl ley Wiggniengsl'i bgeecnascuhewse ae as c twiintgth hisenc oopfhe ee rm ploy(mIedn.t). ThuJsi,rH eohuo srWe i ggcionupslo dt enhtaivtaeopl alayjy u dgimtneh nUetn derlying
Action. Thnee qxute shtoiwoeniv,wse h re,tt hheer otfte hrPemo slc iocuypl ods sibly covtehjrau td gmUenndtVe.ir r glianawci ,oa u mrutsfo tl lcoown ttrearacmswts r itten anads ptahreit niteesan c doeumdra;tny o cto njuupnr eetw e rtmhsta htpe a rdtiindeo st agrteoAe.t C/a.Is n.Cs o.v. C. o nneAcuttSioao lInen s5c,08.F ,.S up3pdI.0 ,1 5(. ED.
Va2.0 2)(0 ciPtiilLnoifgIte n Cso.v. C. r oss1w4hS5i. 2tEd1e. 4,31 ,4( 6V a. 1965). Normatlhwleoy r,od fasc ontarrgaeic vtte hneo irrd iannacdru ys tommeaarnyi ng. GrapAhriMtcus It n.Cs o.v. C.. W .W artChoe3.n9,S 7 . E8.7286d7, (7 V 1a9.9 0). "Whearnae g reeimcseo nmtpo lnie ttfasec [ea nidps]l aainundn ambiiginut toseu rsm s, th[eC ]oinusor attlt i btesore tya forrci htm se anbienygot nhiden striutmseeInld.tf. "
(quoGtlionIbgre Co onn Csotv.rF. .i rNsattB 'alno kBf o st1o4Sn0. ,E 6.2269d3, (3V a. 1965). Int hciasst ehP,eo lbiicnyPd rso grteposa s"yia svluelm a sni nsuremdu slte gall paaysd amabgeecsao ufbs oed ilyo rpi rnojpduearrmytya . g.ce.a ubsyea dna ccident anrde sufrlotmti hnoegw nermsahiinpt,eo nrua sonefac c eo vered( Paoualt5ito c .y"
(emphraesmio)sv.T e)hdP eo lfuirctydh eefirnw ehisoas n " insaunrwdeh dai"ats "covaeurteAodn.i "n suirnecdlJ uidrHeeoshu fo srea ncyo vearueatdno wd i,st ohm e excepatniyooennlsdes,r e i vaci onvgea ruewtdio Jt ihr Heohu spee'rsm i(Isdsa.i6t o. n). Tod efiwnheaa "t c ovaeurteiodst" ,hP eo lliicIsyOdt isff ecroevnetor patgieo ns cal"lseydm b(oIlad.s4t .- "5E .a)cs hy mbinosul m bearncedod n taap ianrsa graph descrtihabeui ttnohgtsa h tse y mbwooluc lodv (eIrd..H) o wevael1rl0s, y mbdoonl ost
apptleoy v ePrryo grpeoslsi(icIvyd.eI.)n stase yamdbo,on lal pyp tlaois epse cific poliictnysu mibifels ri sittneh pdeo ldieccyl aorfta htpaiotol ni(scI ayd.4t. - 5I.nt) h is casIet,Te wmoo ft hPeo lDieccyl ardaoteniosiot nn csla unsdyye m bboulitdst o, e s inclanu odteti hc"aeSt y m7ba oplp ulnileess s sottahte(erIdawd.ti." s T 1eh. u)s , Symb7io tslh oen slyym btohdlae tfi nwehsaac t o vearueitduso n dtehPreo licy.
Lookbianctgkto h lea ngoufta hgPeeo lSiycmyb,7do els carc iobveeasru eatdso : SPECIFIDCEASLCLRIYB ED AOUnTltOyhS oa.su etd oess cirni bed ItTehmr oefte hD ee clarfoarwt hiioacpn hrs e mcihuamir ssgh eo (wann d forL iabCiolviet[ryfoa argn]ety r ayioldueo rnos'w twn h ialtet atcoh ed anpyo wuenrdi ets cirnIi tbTeehmd r ee). (Poal4ti. cI)yt Tehmr oefte hP eo lDieccyl argaoteoisnto done ss ctrhirvbeeeeh icles: (1aD) odCgaer a(v2aa)Pn l;y mGoruatVnhod y aagne(dr3a ;F) orWdi ns(tPaorl.i cy Decal2ts- .3 W.i)g gNiinssAs'la tnii nsmo alt i sittneh Pdeo lDieccyl arations. Basoentd h lea ngoufta hgPeeo lbiocJtyih,r Heohui stesa enWldif g gcionubsle d ani nsuarntedhd e,r ceofovreebr yte hpdeo lfoirca yna,yc ciidnevnotl ving the "ownemrasihnitpe,on rua sonefac c eo,v earuetd(o P.o"al 5tis;c e yPe o lai6tc y
(defiwnhiionis gn sured).) Three haelao rtft hdei spiutn thceia sis wseh etWhiegrgw ianusss iacn ogv ered audtuor tihncego lliOsnti hdoean oy.ft hceo llWiisgigodinrn,ohs ve pere rscoanra l (UndeCrolmypiln15ag )i aNn, it s Aslatn(i Pm'laMs. e mS.u pap5t.) A .c cortdtoih neg Poltihcoeyn ,cl oyv earuetadort seh osspee cidfiecsaclirlIniyt b Teehmdr oetfeh P eo licy Declar(aPtoialo4tin. cIs)yt. Te hmr sepee cilfiictsahtlrcslea yber u sdt o ensolt it shte NisAslatni (mPao.Dl eiccaly2ts - .3T .h)ut shp,el aainundn ambilgaunogouuftsa h gee
contcrlaebcaatrWr lisyg gcianfrrso 'mb eiacn ogv earuetBdoe .c atuhNseie s Aslatni ma inso atc ovearuuetndod tehPreo laincdyya ,m aagreio suiotnfW g i ggcionlsl'wi istiho n Stocuatnb neco otv ebryte hPdeo li(cSPyeoe.l ai5tc. Fy)u rthebremcoanruoes ,e coveirpsao gsesb iabsolented h t ee romfts hP eo lainctdyha el legiatnth ieo ns UnderCloymipnlPgar iongtrh,ea snssod i uvttedoy e feJnidrH eohuo srWe i ggiitnnh se
UnderAlcytiiSnoegPne e. n Nna.t7 '5/F4,.S up2pda. 8t 2 A3E;CS o r7p2.S5,. Ea.t2 d 535-36. StaFtaera mnS dt omuatkt ewa or gumieannn at tst etsmohp ottw ht ahltea nguage oft hPeo liiascm yb igaunaodd u ustt doye feenxdi FsitrSsst.to a,ur tgt uhetasht e Polilcayn'gdsue afignweih niogas n " insured" creatMeesmO .pa pm'bni gui
a5ts; e Peo lai6tc. Ay)g atihnPe,o ldiecfiytn heosis nes aus(r 1eJ)di rHeohufo srae n y covearueatdno( d 2a )n yeolndsere i avc ionvgea ruwetidoJt ihrH eohu spee'rsm ission. (Iad6t.. S)t oaurtgt uhetasht ea rrteew e ox cepttwoih iooisn n ss uwrheicdco,hm plicate matt(eSrtsoM.ue tmO'.ps p a'5tn. T )h fier esxtc eepxtcilotunhod ewe nsoe afrc overed autthoJa itrH eohuh siero ebrs o rr(oPwosal.6ti . cT)yh s ee ceoxncde epxtciloaunnd ye s
oJfi rHeohu seem'psl oiytfhe ceeo sv earueitodsow nbeytd h eamtp lo(yIed.Ie)n. Stooupti'nsti hoeensx,ec epatrnieoo nnsse bnesciatcuhaseley ewxoculalulddl e circumwshteJarinerc eesh Hobuosrearv oewwho iu(clSldte oM.ue tm'.s Oa6pt.p )' n Stohuotw,e fovregrte,ht aasb t o rroorhw iervdee dh iioscn lcleoy v ewrheeidint s alasc oo vearuetdo . a6(t.P J)oi lrHieochuey sl ee ncotttepo da fo yrc oveforra ge borroorhwi erde d avnoedhn rilecycl eecisov veeidrtn ah gee Pfoortl hioscspyee cificall
descirtnih bPeeo dlD ieccyl ar(aPtoialo4tin d cs(ey. fi nSiynmgb7 o)Pl;o lDieccyal ts . 2s;e Peo lai4tc d y(e finSiynmgb1 ao nl8d a sm oreex painnssiuvcreoa vnecrea ge optioTnhsut)she.,ex) c eptthSiatotocn uostm plaabioanubstoa vrneeo e tv iemnp licated itnh ciasbs eec abuassoeent,d h P eo lilcayn'gasun atdgha eel legiatnth Uieno dnesr lying ComplWaiigngtvi,en hsci'ec rltewa ainsno altc y o vearuetdo .
Yeetv,ie tfnh eex cepdtiaidpo pntlshCy eo, u cratn angortteh teah tae rye ambigTuhoPeuo sl.ie cxyc'espfo troi wonnoeshfr i sr oerbd o rrvoewheidac nlde s employee-odwonn eoedtx cvlaeulphdloie sc slcieibsrl ceu mFsotra necxeasm.p le, assutmhivene gh iiascc loev earuetadone , m pldoryieavev i enhgti hcJaliterH eohu se borrfroowamen do tehmeprlw ooyuelleid kb ee"l iyn sbuytr hePedo "l i(cPyoa.l6t i. c)y
Moreoavneeymr p,l doryieavec i onvgea ruettdhow a aths i roerbd o rrfroowmaet dh ird parwtoyus ltdbi ecl olv ebryte hPdeo li(cSiyed.eS. t)o aurtg'usma erunent cso nvincin anddon opto ionuattn r ye leavmabnitg uPirtoigerseP soislnii vcey'.s SecoSntdaF,ta era mr gtuhetashPt eo liiascm yb igbueocuaisdut os neeos dt e fine whaa"t r adtreidiv asen rhd"o iwat ff etchtPeso li(cSytF.aa treMm e'msO. p pa'3tn- 4,
ECNFo 4.1 T.h)Pe o lDieccyl alria1st4pti e oonipsnl cel,Wu idgignaigsrn astd,er di vers. (PoDleiccaly2ts . T.)h Peo lhiocwye,nv eevdree,rs cwrhiarbtae tdser dia vreoerhr s o w thaeffye tchttee romfts ha eg reeWmheinSltte.aF taerc mo nttehnaidbsss ecnrceea tes ambigtuhCieot ufiyrn,td t sho ep poTshifaetc ett.h t ahPteo lniecvmyee rn ttihtoeen rsm “rated driver’ in its language defining who is insured or what autos are covered plainly and unambiguously shows that rated drivers have no effect on those determinations. The Court will not manufacture a definition of “rated driver’ out of whole cloth and have it affect the plain language of the Policy. In fact, Virginia law clearly states that this Court may not do that.° Graphic Arts Mut. Ins. Co., 397 S.E.2d at 877; Globe Iron Constr. Co., 140 S.E.2d at 633. Thus, the Court cannot accept State Farm’s argument that the Policy is ambiguous and instead concludes that Progressive has no duty to defend Wiggins or Jireh House in the Underlying Action. The Court must next consider Progressive’s duty to indemnify Wiggins or Jireh House in the Underlying Action. The duty to defend is broader than the duty to indemnify in that the duty to defend can be decided on the allegations in a complaint, whereas the duty to indemnify is based on evidence proven at trial. Penn Nat’l, 754 F. Supp. 2d at 827; Cap. Env’t Servs., Inc. v. N. River Ins. Co., 536 F. Supp. 2d 633, 640 (E.D. Va. 2008). For this reason, courts often defer deciding whether a duty to indemnify exists until after trial. See, e.g., Cap. Env’t Servs., Inc., 536 F. Supp. 2d at 646 (finding that a decision on indemnification was premature); Builders Mut. Ins. Co. v. Futura Grp., L.L.C., 779 F. Supp. 2d 529, 534-35 (E.D. Va. 2011) (finding the same). That said, “no such factfinding is necessary if there is no duty to defend.” Penn Am. Ins. Co. v. Coffey,
5 Moreover, deposition testimony from an employee of Progressive confirms that someone being arated driver does not affect the Policy’s coverage but only affects the premiums charged under the Policy for that coverage. (David Hale Dep. 37:10-38:1, ECF No. 38-6.) The Court, however, cannot rely on this evidence under the Eight Corners Rule and merely notes it as background.
368 F.3d 409, 413 (4th Cir. 2004). Consequently, if a court finds there is no duty to defend, there is also no duty to indemnify. /d.; see Builders Mut. Ins. Co., 779 F. Supp. 2d at 534; Selective Way Ins. Co. v. Crawl Space Door Sys., Inc., 162 F. Supp. 3d 547, 552 (E.D. Va. 2016). The Court has found that Progressive has no duty to defend Wiggins or Jireh House in the Underlying Action and, accordingly, Progressive has no duty to indemnify either party. IV. CONCLUSION According to the undisputed evidence, most notably the terms of the Policy and the Underlying Complaint, Progressive has no duty to defend, and therefore, has no duty to indemnify, Jireh House or Wiggins in the Underlying Action. Therefore, the Court will grant Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment. An appropriate Order will accompany this Memorandum Opinion. Henry E. Hudson _ Senior United States District Judge Date. June 22 2022 Richmond, Virginia