F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 15 1999 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
PREMIER PRIVATE SECURITY INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellant, No. 98-6233 v. (D.C. No. 97-CV-1096) (W.D. Okla.) INTERNATIONAL UNION, UNITED PLANT GUARD WORKERS OF AMERICA; LOCAL NO. 796,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON , KELLY , and BRISCOE , Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff Premier Private Security, Inc. brought this action pursuant to § 301
of the Labor Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 185, seeking to vacate an
arbitration award regarding the payment of fringe benefits in favor of defendants
International Union, United Plant Guard Workers of America, and Local No. 796.
Defendants counterclaimed to confirm the award. On cross-motions for judgment
on the pleadings, the district court held that Premier’s action was barred by the
applicable statute of limitations and that, in any event, its challenge to the
arbitration award failed on the merits. The court therefore denied Premier’s
motion, granted defendants’ motion, and confirmed the arbitration award.
On appeal, Premier challenges the district court’s rulings on both the
statute of limitations and the merits of its claim. Where a court grants a motion
for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c), we will review
the judgment under the same standard of review as applicable to judgment on a
Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. See McHenry v. Utah Valley Hosp. , 927 F.2d
1125, 1126 (10th Cir. 1991). Therefore, we review the sufficiency of Premier’s
pleadings de novo and will uphold the grant of defendants’ motion--on both
statute of limitations and merits grounds--only when it appears that Premier can
prove no set of facts in support of its claim that would entitle it to relief. See
-2- Sterlin v. Biomune Sys. , 154 F.3d 1191, 1194 (10th Cir. 1998) ; Coosewoon v.
Meridian Oil Co. , 25 F.3d 920, 924 (10th Cir. 1994). Because we agree with the
district court that Premier’s claim is barred by the statute of limitations, we
address only that issue.
As a general rule, “[t]he timeliness of an action to vacate an arbitration
award brought under § 301 of the [Labor Management Relations Act] is
‘determined, as a matter of federal law, by reference to the appropriate state
statute of limitations.’” International Bhd. of Elec. Workers, Local Union No. 969
v. Babcock & Wilcox , 826 F.2d 962, 964 (10th Cir. 1987) (quoting International
Union, UAW v. Hoosier Cardinal Corp. , 383 U.S. 696, 704-05 (1966)); see also
DelCostello v. International Bhd. of Teamsters , 462 U.S. 151, 171-72 (1983)
(discussing exception to general rule). That determination requires “an
examination of the nature of the federal claim and the federal policies involved.”
United Parcel Serv., Inc. v. Mitchell , 451 U.S. 56, 60-61 (1981).
The arbitrator issued his initial award in defendants’ favor, which did not
include the precise amount of fringe benefits due each employee, on March 14,
1997, and Premier acknowledged receiving it no later than March 28. On July 3,
1997, more than ninety days after both issuance and receipt of the initial award,
Premier filed this action in the district court. On July 27, the arbitrator issued his
decision on the amount of fringe benefits due each employee. Defendants moved
-3- for dismissal contending that Premier’s action was time-barred under what they
considered the most appropriate state statute of limitations, the ninety-day period
provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act, Okla. Stat. tit. 15, § 812.C
(application for vacation of arbitration award shall be made within ninety days
following delivery of award to applicant). In response, Premier contended that
this period was inapplicable because the Arbitration Act states that it does not
apply to collective bargaining agreements. See id. § 802.A. Citing International
Union of Operating Eng’rs, Local No. 670 v. Kerr-McGee Refining Corp. , 618
F.2d 657 (10th Cir. 1980), it argued that a ninety-day period was too short, but it
did not expressly argue what period or state statute should apply. It also argued
that whatever the period, it did not begin to run until the date the arbitrator issued
his order determining the precise amount of damages.
The district court held that Premier’s cause of action accrued at least as
early as when Premier received a copy of the arbitrator’s initial award, which it
said was ninety-seven days prior to the date it filed this action, and not when the
arbitrator made the determination regarding damages. Relying in part on Babcock
& Wilcox , which applied the Colorado arbitration act’s ninety-day period to a
similar action, see 826 F.2d at 964-65, it also agreed with defendants that the
ninety-day period provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act was the
appropriate state statute to apply and that Premier’s claim was therefore barred.
-4- On appeal, Premier reasserts its two-pronged challenge to the district
court’s use of the limitations period provided by the Oklahoma Uniform
Arbitration Act (but it does not repeat its argument that its cause of action did not
arise until the arbitrator issued his damages determination). First, it contends that
we are bound by the decision in Kerr-McGee holding that some limitations period
exceeding ninety days provided by Oklahoma’s general limitations statute, Okla.
Stat. tit. 12, § 95, applies to § 301 actions. Second, it contends that the period
provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act cannot apply because the Act
specifically states that it does not apply to actions involving collective bargaining
agreements. Neither of these arguments is persuasive.
In Kerr-McGee , the appellants argued that an action by the employer to
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F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 15 1999 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
PREMIER PRIVATE SECURITY INC.,
Plaintiff-Appellant, No. 98-6233 v. (D.C. No. 97-CV-1096) (W.D. Okla.) INTERNATIONAL UNION, UNITED PLANT GUARD WORKERS OF AMERICA; LOCAL NO. 796,
Defendants-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON , KELLY , and BRISCOE , Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff Premier Private Security, Inc. brought this action pursuant to § 301
of the Labor Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 185, seeking to vacate an
arbitration award regarding the payment of fringe benefits in favor of defendants
International Union, United Plant Guard Workers of America, and Local No. 796.
Defendants counterclaimed to confirm the award. On cross-motions for judgment
on the pleadings, the district court held that Premier’s action was barred by the
applicable statute of limitations and that, in any event, its challenge to the
arbitration award failed on the merits. The court therefore denied Premier’s
motion, granted defendants’ motion, and confirmed the arbitration award.
On appeal, Premier challenges the district court’s rulings on both the
statute of limitations and the merits of its claim. Where a court grants a motion
for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(c), we will review
the judgment under the same standard of review as applicable to judgment on a
Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. See McHenry v. Utah Valley Hosp. , 927 F.2d
1125, 1126 (10th Cir. 1991). Therefore, we review the sufficiency of Premier’s
pleadings de novo and will uphold the grant of defendants’ motion--on both
statute of limitations and merits grounds--only when it appears that Premier can
prove no set of facts in support of its claim that would entitle it to relief. See
-2- Sterlin v. Biomune Sys. , 154 F.3d 1191, 1194 (10th Cir. 1998) ; Coosewoon v.
Meridian Oil Co. , 25 F.3d 920, 924 (10th Cir. 1994). Because we agree with the
district court that Premier’s claim is barred by the statute of limitations, we
address only that issue.
As a general rule, “[t]he timeliness of an action to vacate an arbitration
award brought under § 301 of the [Labor Management Relations Act] is
‘determined, as a matter of federal law, by reference to the appropriate state
statute of limitations.’” International Bhd. of Elec. Workers, Local Union No. 969
v. Babcock & Wilcox , 826 F.2d 962, 964 (10th Cir. 1987) (quoting International
Union, UAW v. Hoosier Cardinal Corp. , 383 U.S. 696, 704-05 (1966)); see also
DelCostello v. International Bhd. of Teamsters , 462 U.S. 151, 171-72 (1983)
(discussing exception to general rule). That determination requires “an
examination of the nature of the federal claim and the federal policies involved.”
United Parcel Serv., Inc. v. Mitchell , 451 U.S. 56, 60-61 (1981).
The arbitrator issued his initial award in defendants’ favor, which did not
include the precise amount of fringe benefits due each employee, on March 14,
1997, and Premier acknowledged receiving it no later than March 28. On July 3,
1997, more than ninety days after both issuance and receipt of the initial award,
Premier filed this action in the district court. On July 27, the arbitrator issued his
decision on the amount of fringe benefits due each employee. Defendants moved
-3- for dismissal contending that Premier’s action was time-barred under what they
considered the most appropriate state statute of limitations, the ninety-day period
provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act, Okla. Stat. tit. 15, § 812.C
(application for vacation of arbitration award shall be made within ninety days
following delivery of award to applicant). In response, Premier contended that
this period was inapplicable because the Arbitration Act states that it does not
apply to collective bargaining agreements. See id. § 802.A. Citing International
Union of Operating Eng’rs, Local No. 670 v. Kerr-McGee Refining Corp. , 618
F.2d 657 (10th Cir. 1980), it argued that a ninety-day period was too short, but it
did not expressly argue what period or state statute should apply. It also argued
that whatever the period, it did not begin to run until the date the arbitrator issued
his order determining the precise amount of damages.
The district court held that Premier’s cause of action accrued at least as
early as when Premier received a copy of the arbitrator’s initial award, which it
said was ninety-seven days prior to the date it filed this action, and not when the
arbitrator made the determination regarding damages. Relying in part on Babcock
& Wilcox , which applied the Colorado arbitration act’s ninety-day period to a
similar action, see 826 F.2d at 964-65, it also agreed with defendants that the
ninety-day period provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act was the
appropriate state statute to apply and that Premier’s claim was therefore barred.
-4- On appeal, Premier reasserts its two-pronged challenge to the district
court’s use of the limitations period provided by the Oklahoma Uniform
Arbitration Act (but it does not repeat its argument that its cause of action did not
arise until the arbitrator issued his damages determination). First, it contends that
we are bound by the decision in Kerr-McGee holding that some limitations period
exceeding ninety days provided by Oklahoma’s general limitations statute, Okla.
Stat. tit. 12, § 95, applies to § 301 actions. Second, it contends that the period
provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act cannot apply because the Act
specifically states that it does not apply to actions involving collective bargaining
agreements. Neither of these arguments is persuasive.
In Kerr-McGee , the appellants argued that an action by the employer to
vacate an arbitration award was time-barred by the ninety-day limitations period
provided by the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 12. Citing Hoosier Cardinal
Corp. , 383 U.S. at 704-05, the court stated that the limitations period for § 301
actions is the most appropriate state limitations period, and it held that some
unspecified period provided by Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95, which provides periods
between one and five years, applied in that case. See 618 F.2d at 659. Kerr-
McGee , however, does not limit our consideration of the applicability of the
ninety-day period provided by the Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act, or
conversely, require us to apply some period provided by § 95. The issue it
-5- decided was whether a federal or state limitations period should apply, and it held
that a state period--apparently the only one raised by the parties--applied. The
decision does not mention the Arbitration Act’s period; indeed, the Arbitration
Act did not become effective until October 1, 1978, see Okla. Stat. tit. 15, § 801,
and may well not have been in effect at the time the cause of action in Kerr-
McGee arose. Kerr-McGee is therefore not binding precedent on whether the
limitations period provided by Arbitration Act or § 95 applies to this case. See,
e.g. , United States v. L.A. Tucker Truck Lines, Inc. , 344 U.S. 33, 38 (1952) (prior
decision not binding precedent on point not discussed in decision).
Premier also contends that the limitations period provided under the
Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act cannot be applied here because the Act
specifically excludes from its coverage disputes involving collective bargaining
agreements. Premier tries to distinguish Babcock & Wilcox on the basis that the
Colorado arbitration act on which the court relied for its ninety-day limitations
period did not contain a similar exclusion. The issue in a § 301 action, however,
is not what state statute of limitations would apply to a similar action brought
under state law. The issue is, considering the nature of the claim and the federal
policies involved, what state statute of limitations is most appropriate, or stated
differently, what state action is most closely analogous to a § 301 action. In
Mitchell , the court borrowed a New York statute for use in a § 301 action despite
-6- the fact that a similar action could not be brought under New York law. “The fact
that an employee could not bring a direct suit to vacate an arbitration award,
however, does not mean that his § 301 claim, which if successful would have the
same effect, is not ‘closely analogous’ to such an action.” Mitchell , 451 U.S. at
61 n.3. Thus, the fact that a similar action could not be brought under the
Oklahoma Uniform Arbitration Act is irrelevant here.
“[F]ederal policy . . . favor[s] voluntary arbitration as the most expedient
method of solving labor disputes.” Babcock & Wilcox , 826 F.2d at 966; see also
Mitchell , 451 U.S. at 63. The choice in this case is between the ninety-day period
provided by the Arbitration Act and the five-year period for actions on written
contracts provided by Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 95.1. Premier argues that we could
apply the one-year limitations period provided by § 95 for other causes of action.
The types of actions for which the one-year period applies--e.g., libel, slander,
assault, battery, see § 95.4--are not remotely related to its action to vacate the
arbitration award, and we are not free to devise Oklahoma limitations periods out
of whole cloth. Thus, considering the relevant federal policies and the choices
-7- before us, we agree with the district court that the Arbitration Act’s ninety-day
period applies to Premier’s action and that it is time-barred.
AFFIRMED.
Entered for the Court
Paul J. Kelly, Jr. Circuit Judge
-8-