Poteet v. State & County Mutual Fire Insurance Co.

7 S.W.3d 679, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 8090, 1999 WL 976561
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedOctober 28, 1999
DocketNo. 11-98-00251-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 7 S.W.3d 679 (Poteet v. State & County Mutual Fire Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Poteet v. State & County Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 7 S.W.3d 679, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 8090, 1999 WL 976561 (Tex. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

OPINION

TERRY MeCALL, Justice.

Patsy R. Poteet appeals a declaratory judgment in favor of State and County Mutual Fire Insurance Company (State and County) and Ken Waggonner d/b/a Ken Waggonner Insurance Agency. The trial court declared that no uninsured/un-derinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage existed under an automobile liability insurance policy issued to Poteet’s sister and brother-in-law, Carolyn and John Ralph Goodwin. We affirm.

Background Facts

The parties entered stipulations in the trial court for purposes of the declaratory judgment. John Ralph Goodwin applied for an automobile liability insurance policy from Ken Waggonner Insurance on November 23, 1994. Ralph’s wife, Carolyn, was living in the same household on that date. Also on that date, Ralph executed a written rejection of UM/UIM coverage. State and County issued Policy No. TPD160179, without UM/UIM coverage, effective from December 2, 1994, to March 2, 1995. Ralph renewed the policy on March 2, 1995, as Policy No. TPD160179-01, without requesting the addition of UM/ UIM coverage.

Ralph died on March 26, 1995; Carolyn was living in the same household on that date as well.1 Carolyn paid the premiums and renewed the policy on June 2, 1995, as Policy No. TPD160179-02. Carolyn did not request the addition of UM/UIM coverage to the policy, but she did not sign a written rejection of the coverage either. On June 4, 1995, Patsy was in a collision with Lyle Henry Boyea, an uninsured or underinsured motorist. Patsy was driving Carolyn’s car. State and County denied UM/UIM coverage for Patsy. Patsy filed suit against State and County and Ken Waggonner Insurance Agency, and both defendants filed for a declaratory judgment that no coverage existed under the policy.

Point of Error

The trial court entered a declaratory judgment for State and County and Ken Waggonner Insurance. The trial court concluded that:

1.The Policy issued to JOHN RALPH GOODWIN was not cancelled by the death of JOHN RALPH GOODWIN and was in effect on June 4, 1995, the date of the incident made the basis of this lawsuit.
2.The Policy did not contain uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, such coverage having been specifically rejected in writing by JOHN RALPH GOODWIN in his original application for insurance.

In her only point of error, Patsy argues that the trial court erred in granting a declaratory judgment because Ralph’s rejection of UM/UIM coverage was ineffective as to the subsequent renewal of the policy by Carolyn. We may uphold the trial court’s conclusion of law if it can be sustained under any legal theory supported by the evidence. Truck, Insurance Exchange v. Musick, 902 S.W.2d 68, 69 (Tex.App.—Fort Worth 1995, writ den’d).

[681]*681 The Law

The Insurance Code provides that:
No automobile liability insurance ... shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state unless coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto ... for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover damages from owners or operators of uninsured or underinsured motor vehicles. [Coverage for uninsured/underin-sured motor vehicles is not required] where any insured named in the policy shall reject the coverage in writing; provided that unless the named insured thereafter requests such coverage in writing, such coverage need not he provided in or supplemental to a renewal policy where the named insured has rejected the coverage in connection with a policy previously issued to him by the same insurer or by an affiliated insurer. (Emphasis added)

TEX. INS. CODE ANN. art. 5.06-1(1) (Vernon 1981).

Patsy argues that Article 5.06-1(1) expresses the public policy of the State that every automobile liability insurance policy should have UM/UIM coverage, subject to a very limited exception. Patsy relies largely on Howard v. INA County Mutual Insurance Company, 938 S.W.2d 212, 218 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1996, writ den’d). The issue in Howard, however, was whether an insured could retroactively reject UM/ UIM coverage. The Dallas Court held that retroactive rejection of the coverage by reformation of the insurance contract was ineffective because it was contrary to public policy and the statute. Howard v. INA County Mutual Insurance Company, supra at 220. That case is inapposite here because this case involves quite a different issue.

The issue here is whether the June 2, 1995, policy was a “renewal” of the original policy within the meaning of that term in Article 5.06-1(1). The Waco Court considered a similar situation in Berry v. Texas Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, 782 S.W.2d 246 (Tex.App.—Waco 1989, writ den’d). In Berry, the wife purchased an automobile liability insurance policy and rejected UM/UIM coverage. The term of the policy was a year; and, for two successive years thereafter, the wife “renewed” the coverage. The first time she renewed it, she signed an application and another UM/UIM rejection. The second time, she signed nothing; but the insurer nevertheless issued another policy to her. The insurer denied coverage after the wife and her husband were injured by an UM/UIM. The husband and wife sued on the policy, and the insurer won a summary judgment. On appeal, the husband and wife argued that a fact issue existed as to whether there was UM/UIM coverage under the third policy.

The Waco Court analyzed whether the third policy was a completely new contract between the wife and the insurer or whether it was a “renewal” under Article 5.06-1(1). Unless it was a new contract, the wife’s previous rejection of UM/UIM coverage was sufficient to reject the coverage under the third policy. Berry v. Texas Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, supra at 249. The court looked at the definition of “renewal policy” that existed when the legislature enacted Article 5.06-1(1) and noted that:

Since 1950 ... the law relating to the renewal of insurance contracts was as follows:
It is the general rule that a renewal of a policy constitutes a separate and distinct contract for the period of time covered by the renewal, except where the provisions of the extension certificate show that the purpose and intention of the parties was not to make a new contract hut was to continue the original contract in force... .And “such limitation must he found in clear and unambiguous terms within the four comers of the certificate. (Emphasis in original)

Berry v. Texas Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, supra at 247-48, quoting Great American Indemnity Co. v. [682]*682State, 229 S.W.2d 850, 853 (Tex.Civ.App.— Austin 1950, writ ref'd). Thus, unless otherwise indicated, each successive contract between an insurer and an insured is a “new, separate, and distinct contract.” Berry v. Texas Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, supra at 248.

The court stated the issue as to whether the legislature intended:

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Bluebook (online)
7 S.W.3d 679, 1999 Tex. App. LEXIS 8090, 1999 WL 976561, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/poteet-v-state-county-mutual-fire-insurance-co-texapp-1999.