Ponca City Public Schools v. Ritcheson

1993 OK CIV APP 42, 853 P.2d 782, 64 O.B.A.J. 1786, 1993 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 56, 1993 WL 183394
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedMarch 9, 1993
DocketNo. 79775
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 1993 OK CIV APP 42 (Ponca City Public Schools v. Ritcheson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ponca City Public Schools v. Ritcheson, 1993 OK CIV APP 42, 853 P.2d 782, 64 O.B.A.J. 1786, 1993 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 56, 1993 WL 183394 (Okla. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

GARRETT, Judge:

Respondent Arleen Ritcheson (claimant) filed a Form 3-a, Claimant’s First Notice of Death and Claim for Compensation, in the Workers’ Compensation Court on July 25, 1989, after the death of her husband, Harold Vaughn Ritcheson, Deceased (Employee). She alleged his death, which occurred March 8, 1989, was the result of mental stress on his job with Petitioner Ponca City Public Schools (Employer). The cause of death is shown on the Form 3-a as “car-diorespiratory arrest”. Employer filed a Form 2, Employers’ First Notice of Injury, on August 10, 1989. It stated Employee suffered from a brain tumor or stroke, and that the working conditions were not a contributing factor to the stress he experienced due to a pending lawsuit. Employer alleged his death was not a result of his working relationship with Employer.

[784]*784On January 22, 1992, the trial court entered an order awarding death benefits, finding that on March 8, 1989, Employee “sustained an accidental personal injury (STROKE) arising out and in the course and scope of deceased’s employment with the respondent, from and as a result of which the deceased died on MARCH 8, 1989”. The court found his dependent heirs-at-law were Claimant and Michelle Fairchild, dependent step-child of the Deceased. The court awarded lump sum payments to each dependent and ordered Employer to pay continuing benefits.

Employer filed a Notice of Appeal to the Workers’ Compensation Court En Banc. On May 19,1992, a three judge panel found the trial court’s order was not against the clear weight of the evidence nor contrary to law, and sustained the order. One of the three judges on the panel dissented, stating: “I would allow the appointment of a third physician.”

Three propositions of error are raised by Employer:

I. The findings of the trial court, affirmed by the court en banc, are not supported by any competent evidence, and such facts which were properly admitted at trial, when applied to the law of this State, do not support a work related injury resulting in death where the employee unreasonably and self-inducingly creates and sponsors the stress that brings about his eventual death;
II. The decision of the trial court, affirmed by the court en banc, rested on incompetent medical evidence made incompetent by the evaluating physician’s failure to review and consider Employee’s hospital records which revealed and supported causes of death other than job induced stress; and,
III. The trial court abused its discretion when it denied Employer’s motion for the appointment of a substitute independent medical examiner (I.M.E.), after a determination by the court that the first I.M.E. had rendered himself incompetent to testify.

Employer contends that Employee suffered from self-induced and unreasonable stress, in that he unreasonably perceived Employer withdrew its support of him after a lawsuit was filed by a third party against Employer and Employee. Employer contends Employee worried himself to death about an event over which he had no control and that Employer should not be held accountable for his self-induced injury, arguably leading to his death. Employer cites Decker v. Oklahoma State University, 766 P.2d 1371 (Okl.1988), wherein the Supreme Court reversed the trial court’s conclusion the claimant did not suffer an accidental personal injury arising out of and in the course of his employment. In Decker, supra, the Supreme Court held the evidence showed the claimant’s supervisors and superiors knew of the on-the-job discord but did nothing about it and that the heart attack suffered by the claimant was caused by job related stress. Here, however, Employer contends, the anxiety stemmed from a third party, not Employer, accusing Employee of child abuse in his job as an elementary school principal.

Claimant testified that Employee’s personality changed after learning of the lawsuit brought by parents of a school child against the district and Employee. She testified that after the lawsuit was filed and the investigation began, Employee’s eating habits and his physical condition changed. There is testimony that before the lawsuit, Employee experienced no job-related stress. Claimant testified that after the child abuse allegations were made, Employee’s behavior changed from being jovial to being very depressed. He had had no prior history of circulatory disease. A month after the lawsuit was filed, he was hospitalized. He developed a slight tingling in his right arm and leg and began dragging his leg. Claimant testified that newspaper articles in which Employer’s superintendent was quoted as saying that the district had taken disciplinary action upset Employee and precipitated his stroke symptoms. She stated he worried all of the time about the lawsuit, allegations about his job performance and his reputation, and that it became an obsession with him.

[785]*785Mental stress without accompanying physical injury is not compensable. Fenwick v. Oklahoma State Penitentiary, 792 P.2d 60 (Okl.1990). However, physical injuries caused by work-related mental stress are compensable. Stiles v. Oklahoma Tax Com’n, 752 P.2d 800 (Okl.1988); Decker v. Oklahoma State University, supra; Oklahoma City v. Schoonover, 585 P.2d 688 (Okl.1975). The instant case falls within the latter rule.

Claimant’s medical expert, Dr. G., gave his medical opinion that Employee’s death occurred as a result of his worry and stress over job performance. Specifically, Dr. G. testified in his deposition:

Q. How did the mental stress cause physical stress?
A. Well, because he got so upset about all this and he didn’t function—none of his functions worked. His sympathetic nervous system wasn’t working, his parasympathetic nervous system wasn’t working.
Q. What do you mean his sympathetic nervous system—what does that mean?
A. The sympathetic nervous system is the nervous system that controls the pupil of the eye, the sweat glands, the sphincters in the intestine, all of the things you can’t control yourself.
Q. When did he have trouble with those functions?
A. In the several months prior to his death.
Q. And can you give me some manifestations of that problem?
A. He would turn pale on hearing about this. Like I reported in here, he got pale when he heard this over the radio. That’s sympathetic nervous system reaction. And all of this caused such a stress on him that he had this complete nervous system reaction.
Q. And what does that do?
A. That caused cerebral vascular spasm, and that in turn causes cerebral anoxia and predisposes to the formation of intravascular clots or thrombi.
Q. The spasm does.
A. Yes.
Q. Isn’t it true that his condition started—and I’m talking about the symptoms of the stroke—while he was at home watching a football game?
A. I don’t think so. I think the symptoms started when he heard over the radio that he had been sued for beating a child.
Q. Do you know when that was?

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1993 OK CIV APP 42, 853 P.2d 782, 64 O.B.A.J. 1786, 1993 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 56, 1993 WL 183394, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ponca-city-public-schools-v-ritcheson-oklacivapp-1993.