Polk County v. Sofka

730 So. 2d 389, 1999 WL 193899
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedApril 9, 1999
Docket98-02430
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 730 So. 2d 389 (Polk County v. Sofka) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Polk County v. Sofka, 730 So. 2d 389, 1999 WL 193899 (Fla. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

730 So.2d 389 (1999)

POLK COUNTY, a political subdivision of the State of Florida, Appellant,
v.
Donna M. SOFKA, Appellee.

No. 98-02430.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District.

April 9, 1999.

*390 Hank B. Campbell of Lane, Trohn, Bertrand & Vreeland, P.A., Lakeland, for Appellant.

John W. Frost, II, and Mark A. Sessums of Frost, O'Toole & Saunders, P.A., Bartow, for Appellee.

ALTENBERND, Acting Chief Judge.

Polk County appeals an "Amended Stipulated Final Judgment," arguing that the trial court had no authority to vacate an earlier order granting new trial or to enter this judgment on the basis of the parties' earlier stipulation. We must reverse.

This is a tragic case. Ms. Sofka was driving her car in a westbound direction on Lamp Post Lane in Polk County on the evening of December 28, 1988. There was no stop sign or other marking to denote the intersection of Lamp Post Lane and Old Polk City Road. The intersection is at the crest of small hill, and she apparently did not realize that she was approaching an intersection. She drove into the intersection and was struck by a car traveling southbound on Old Polk City Road. She is now a quadriplegic.

In 1990, she filed a lawsuit against various defendants, including Polk County. She maintained that the County had a duty to install a traffic control device at this intersection. The County argued, in part, that the decision to install a stop sign was a planning-level function to which sovereign immunity attached. See Department of Transp. v. Neilson, 419 So.2d 1071 (Fla.1982). Ms. Sofka argued that the dangerousness of the intersection rose to the level of a trap and, thus, created a duty to warn the public. See City of St. Petersburg v. Collom, 419 So.2d 1082 (Fla.1982); State Department of Transp. v. Brown, 497 So.2d 678 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). The case between these two parties proceeded to trial in August 1993 before a Polk County jury. The jurors were instructed that they had to find the intersection was a known dangerous condition or hidden trap created by the County and not readily apparent to Ms. Sofka in order to find the County negligent. The jurors returned a verdict on August 19 determining that the County was 77% negligent, that Ms. Sofka was 23% comparatively negligent, and setting her total damages at $6,500,000. This verdict would normally have resulted in a final judgment totaling $5,005,000, with a restriction preventing execution on an amount in excess of $100,000 without legislative authorization.

On August 26, 1993, the supreme court issued its decision in Fabre v. Marin, 623 So.2d 1182 (Fla.1993). Ms. Sofka's case had been tried without instructions or a verdict form that complied with the holding in Fabre. As a result, on October 13, 1993, the trial court entered an order granting a new trial on both liability and damages.[1] No one appealed this order.[2]

Before any second trial occurred, in May 1995, the County and Ms. Sofka entered into a settlement agreement, the terms of which *391 will be discussed in greater detail at a later point in this opinion. The settlement resulted in a stipulated final judgment dated May 2, 1995, in the amount of $1,000,000, which attempted to reserve the County's right to appeal the issues of sovereign immunity and proximate causation. The County appealed, and this court issued a divided opinion in favor of Ms. Sofka, holding that the claim was not barred by sovereign immunity. See Polk County v. Sofka, 675 So.2d 615 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996). Recognizing the difficulty of the sovereign immunity issue, we certified the question to the supreme court.

The supreme court refused to answer the certified question and held that this court never had jurisdiction to review the sovereign immunity issue on the stipulated final judgment because the order granting the new trial in favor of the County had not been vacated as part of the settlement. See Polk County v. Sofka, 702 So.2d 1243 (Fla.1997). Accordingly, the supreme court quashed our decision, and on remand we dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction on December 22, 1997.

When the case returned to the trial court, both sides filed motions to enforce the settlement agreement. The County asked the court to void the stipulated judgment and set the case for a new trial on all issues. Ms. Sofka basically asked the court to either (1) allow her to pursue a claims bill to enforce the judgment, or (2) enter an order vacating the earlier new trial order, and enter a new stipulated judgment. The trial court rejected the County's approach and followed Ms. Sofka's second approach. Thus, the trial court entered an order vacating the order granting new trial entered in 1993 and then entered a new "stipulated" final judgment that referenced the settlement agreement. If valid, this new judgment would appear to give this court jurisdiction to review the issues reserved in the settlement agreement.

The operative paragraphs of the settlement agreement state:

I. Settlement Payment
POLK COUNTY has paid to SOFKA and her attorney, John W. Frost, II, the sum of Forty Thousand and 00/100 Dollars ($40,000.00), the receipt and sufficiency of which is acknowledged. By virtue of this payment, POLK COUNTY in no way admits any liability for the accident and expressly denies same.
II. Stipulated Final Judgment
A One Million and 00/100 Dollar ($1,000,000.00) Stipulated Final Judgment shall be entered against POLK COUNTY. This shall be a net judgment, inclusive of all setoffs due to prior settlements, this settlement, apportionments of fault, or otherwise. This One Million and 00/100 Dollar ($1,000,000.00) Stipulated Final Judgment shall be inclusive of all costs and fees. This Stipulated Final Judgment shall not be recorded or docketed or executed against POLK COUNTY unless such is required in order to pursue a claims bill as set forth in Part IV(A) of this Agreement.
III. Appeal
A. POLK COUNTY shall be entitled to exhaust all appeals from the entry of the Stipulated Final Judgment. The record on appeal shall be the record as it exists at the time of the entry of the Stipulated Final Judgment. The parties stipulate and agree that the intermediate appellate court has jurisdiction to hear POLK COUNTY's appeal of the Stipulated Final Judgment, that POLK COUNTY has standing to bring said appeal and that such appeal shall be brought on only either or both of the two (2) issues listed below. The parties stipulate and agree that either of the below listed issues is dispositive of the issue of POLK COUNTY's liability for the accident, i.e., if the appellate court reverses and remands for the entry of judgment in favor of POLK COUNTY, then such rendering shall terminate the case as set forth in Part IV(B) of this Agreement:
(a) [the sovereign immunity issue]
(b) [the issue of proximate causation]
B. If POLK COUNTY does not file a notice of appeal within 30 days after the entrance of the Stipulated Final Judgment, then the parties stipulate that POLK COUNTY has not prevailed, and the provisions of Part IV(A) of this Settlement Agreement shall apply.
*392 C.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
730 So. 2d 389, 1999 WL 193899, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/polk-county-v-sofka-fladistctapp-1999.