In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-14-00105-CV
PLETZE BROWN, JR., AND ALL OTHER OCCUPANTS, Appellants
V.
CITIMORTGAGE, INC., Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court No. CC-14-04645-B
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley MEMORANDUM OPINION After CitiMortgage, Inc., was granted final summary judgment in a forcible detainer action
in the County Court at Law No. 2 of Dallas County against Pletze Brown, Jr., and all other
occupants of certain real estate, Brown filed his appeal.1 In his appeal, Brown asserts that
CitiMortgage lacked standing to prosecute the suit and that its right to foreclose was barred by
limitations. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Background Facts
On October 16, 2002, Brown and Jessie Brown granted a deed of trust lien on certain real
estate in Dallas County, Texas, to secure a promissory note in the sum of $143,313.00. A
nonjudicial sale under the deed of trust was conducted October 6, 2009, and CitiMortgage was the
purchaser at that sale.
Brown filed suit in federal court, alleging that the foreclosure sale resulting in
CitiMortgage’s purchase was invalid. After judgment was rendered against Brown, he appealed,
and the judgment was affirmed on appeal. Brown v. CitiMortgage, Inc., et al., No. 11-11118
Summary Calendar, 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 13331 (5th Cir. June 29, 2012, filed) (per curiam).
CitiMortgage was granted a judgment in forcible detainer against Brown and all other
occupants of the real property by a Dallas County justice court September 5, 2014, and Brown
1 Originally appealed to the Fifth Court of Appeals, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas Supreme Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 2013). We are unaware of any conflict between precedent of the Fifth Court of Appeals and that of this Court on any relevant issue. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
2 (who filed a pauper’s affidavit in lieu of a bond to forestall the issuance of a writ of possession2)
appealed the justice court ruling to the County Court at Law No. 2 of Dallas County.
In the County Court at Law, CitiMortgage filed a motion for summary judgment, attaching
a copy of the original deed of trust, a substitute trustee’s deed (reflecting that CitiMortgage was
the purchaser of the realty at foreclosure), and notices to vacate which had been sent on behalf of
CitiMortgage to Brown and all other occupants of the realty. Brown responded to the motion for
summary judgment by claiming that there were unresolved factual issues, asserting that the
trustee’s deed under which CitiMortgage claimed was invalid, alleging that CitiMortgage had no
standing to prosecute the motion for summary judgment, maintaining that CitiMortgage was barred
by limitations from pursuing its right to gain possession, and taking the position that CitiMortgage
was barred by res judicata from pursuing its claim. The trial court granted CitiMortgage’s motion
for summary judgment, ordering the issuance of a writ of possession. Brown’s appeal of that final
judgment is now before this Court.
In his brief on appeal, Brown appears to rely solely on matters that seem to rest on claims
that CitiMortgage’s rights were barred by limitations.
II. Standard for Reviewing Summary Judgments
The grant of a trial court’s summary judgment is subject to de novo review by appellate
courts. Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). In making
the required review, we deem as true all evidence which is favorable to the nonmovant, we indulge
every reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence, and we resolve any doubts in the
2 See TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.9(c). 3 nonmovant’s favor. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). When
the trial court does not specify the basis for its ruling, we must affirm a summary judgment if any
of the grounds on which judgment is sought are meritorious. Merriman v. XTO Energy, Inc., 407
S.W.3d 244, 248 (Tex. 2013).
To be entitled to traditional summary judgment, a movant must establish that there is no
genuine issue of material fact so that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX.
R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848
(Tex. 2009). Once the movant produces evidence entitling it to summary judgment, the burden
shifts to the nonmovant to present evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. Walker v.
Harris, 924 S.W.2d 375, 377 (Tex. 1996). A defendant who conclusively negates a single essential
element of a cause of action or conclusively establishes an affirmative defense is entitled to
summary judgment on that claim. Frost Nat’l Bank v. Fernandez, 315 S.W.3d 494, 508–09 (Tex.
2010).
III. Elements of Proof of Forcible Detainer
In order to prevail in its forcible detainer action, CitiMortgage had to prove that (1) it
owned the property by virtue of a foreclosure sale deed, (2) Brown became a tenant at sufferance
when the property was sold under the deed of trust, (3) CitiMortgage gave Brown notice to vacate
the premises, and (4) Brown refused to vacate the premises. See Elwell v. Countrywide Home
Loans, Inc., 267 S.W.3d 566, 568–69 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); see also TEX.
PROP. CODE ANN. § 24.002 (West 2014).
4 In order to prove these elements, CitiMortgage attached (1) a certified copy of the original
deed of trust executed by Brown, et al., dated October 16, 2002 (which recited that in the event of
a foreclosure under the deed of trust, Brown would become a tenant at sufferance of the purchaser
at the foreclosure sale), (2) the Substitute Trustee’s Deed, whereby Brown was divested in his
interest in the realty and the property was conveyed to CitiMortgage, (3) a business records
affidavit by Sharon L. Vaughan, as the custodian of records for CitiMortgage’s attorney,
incorporating nineteen pages of documents, including notices to vacate that were addressed to
Brown, Jessie Brown, and all occupants of the realty (with postal return receipts verifying that they
had been delivered), and (4) copies of the notices to vacate to which reference was made in
Vaughan’s affidavit.
Brown responded by alleging, first, that there were genuine issues of material fact with
respect to CitiMortgage’s claimed superior right to immediate possession of the property (but
without specifying the nature of those alleged material fact issues). He also pointed out that the
heading of CitiMortgage’s motion incorrectly identified the movant as “U.S. Bank NA” (although
the movant is correctly identified in the body of the motion) and says that the named bank has no
standing.
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In The Court of Appeals Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-14-00105-CV
PLETZE BROWN, JR., AND ALL OTHER OCCUPANTS, Appellants
V.
CITIMORTGAGE, INC., Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 2 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court No. CC-14-04645-B
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ. Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley MEMORANDUM OPINION After CitiMortgage, Inc., was granted final summary judgment in a forcible detainer action
in the County Court at Law No. 2 of Dallas County against Pletze Brown, Jr., and all other
occupants of certain real estate, Brown filed his appeal.1 In his appeal, Brown asserts that
CitiMortgage lacked standing to prosecute the suit and that its right to foreclose was barred by
limitations. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Background Facts
On October 16, 2002, Brown and Jessie Brown granted a deed of trust lien on certain real
estate in Dallas County, Texas, to secure a promissory note in the sum of $143,313.00. A
nonjudicial sale under the deed of trust was conducted October 6, 2009, and CitiMortgage was the
purchaser at that sale.
Brown filed suit in federal court, alleging that the foreclosure sale resulting in
CitiMortgage’s purchase was invalid. After judgment was rendered against Brown, he appealed,
and the judgment was affirmed on appeal. Brown v. CitiMortgage, Inc., et al., No. 11-11118
Summary Calendar, 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 13331 (5th Cir. June 29, 2012, filed) (per curiam).
CitiMortgage was granted a judgment in forcible detainer against Brown and all other
occupants of the real property by a Dallas County justice court September 5, 2014, and Brown
1 Originally appealed to the Fifth Court of Appeals, this case was transferred to this Court by the Texas Supreme Court pursuant to its docket equalization efforts. See TEX. GOV’T CODE ANN. § 73.001 (West 2013). We are unaware of any conflict between precedent of the Fifth Court of Appeals and that of this Court on any relevant issue. See TEX. R. APP. P. 41.3.
2 (who filed a pauper’s affidavit in lieu of a bond to forestall the issuance of a writ of possession2)
appealed the justice court ruling to the County Court at Law No. 2 of Dallas County.
In the County Court at Law, CitiMortgage filed a motion for summary judgment, attaching
a copy of the original deed of trust, a substitute trustee’s deed (reflecting that CitiMortgage was
the purchaser of the realty at foreclosure), and notices to vacate which had been sent on behalf of
CitiMortgage to Brown and all other occupants of the realty. Brown responded to the motion for
summary judgment by claiming that there were unresolved factual issues, asserting that the
trustee’s deed under which CitiMortgage claimed was invalid, alleging that CitiMortgage had no
standing to prosecute the motion for summary judgment, maintaining that CitiMortgage was barred
by limitations from pursuing its right to gain possession, and taking the position that CitiMortgage
was barred by res judicata from pursuing its claim. The trial court granted CitiMortgage’s motion
for summary judgment, ordering the issuance of a writ of possession. Brown’s appeal of that final
judgment is now before this Court.
In his brief on appeal, Brown appears to rely solely on matters that seem to rest on claims
that CitiMortgage’s rights were barred by limitations.
II. Standard for Reviewing Summary Judgments
The grant of a trial court’s summary judgment is subject to de novo review by appellate
courts. Provident Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex. 2003). In making
the required review, we deem as true all evidence which is favorable to the nonmovant, we indulge
every reasonable inference to be drawn from the evidence, and we resolve any doubts in the
2 See TEX. R. CIV. P. 510.9(c). 3 nonmovant’s favor. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). When
the trial court does not specify the basis for its ruling, we must affirm a summary judgment if any
of the grounds on which judgment is sought are meritorious. Merriman v. XTO Energy, Inc., 407
S.W.3d 244, 248 (Tex. 2013).
To be entitled to traditional summary judgment, a movant must establish that there is no
genuine issue of material fact so that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX.
R. CIV. P. 166a(c); Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848
(Tex. 2009). Once the movant produces evidence entitling it to summary judgment, the burden
shifts to the nonmovant to present evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact. Walker v.
Harris, 924 S.W.2d 375, 377 (Tex. 1996). A defendant who conclusively negates a single essential
element of a cause of action or conclusively establishes an affirmative defense is entitled to
summary judgment on that claim. Frost Nat’l Bank v. Fernandez, 315 S.W.3d 494, 508–09 (Tex.
2010).
III. Elements of Proof of Forcible Detainer
In order to prevail in its forcible detainer action, CitiMortgage had to prove that (1) it
owned the property by virtue of a foreclosure sale deed, (2) Brown became a tenant at sufferance
when the property was sold under the deed of trust, (3) CitiMortgage gave Brown notice to vacate
the premises, and (4) Brown refused to vacate the premises. See Elwell v. Countrywide Home
Loans, Inc., 267 S.W.3d 566, 568–69 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2008, pet. dism’d w.o.j.); see also TEX.
PROP. CODE ANN. § 24.002 (West 2014).
4 In order to prove these elements, CitiMortgage attached (1) a certified copy of the original
deed of trust executed by Brown, et al., dated October 16, 2002 (which recited that in the event of
a foreclosure under the deed of trust, Brown would become a tenant at sufferance of the purchaser
at the foreclosure sale), (2) the Substitute Trustee’s Deed, whereby Brown was divested in his
interest in the realty and the property was conveyed to CitiMortgage, (3) a business records
affidavit by Sharon L. Vaughan, as the custodian of records for CitiMortgage’s attorney,
incorporating nineteen pages of documents, including notices to vacate that were addressed to
Brown, Jessie Brown, and all occupants of the realty (with postal return receipts verifying that they
had been delivered), and (4) copies of the notices to vacate to which reference was made in
Vaughan’s affidavit.
Brown responded by alleging, first, that there were genuine issues of material fact with
respect to CitiMortgage’s claimed superior right to immediate possession of the property (but
without specifying the nature of those alleged material fact issues). He also pointed out that the
heading of CitiMortgage’s motion incorrectly identified the movant as “U.S. Bank NA” (although
the movant is correctly identified in the body of the motion) and says that the named bank has no
standing. Without giving an explanation for the assertion, Brown pleads that CitiMortgage did not
have the capacity to sue in the action. Finally, Brown maintained that CitiMortgage’s claims are
barred by res judicata.
Returning to the first claim made by Brown, although he maintains that he understands that
the sole thing that CitiMortgage was required to prove is a superior right of possession, by some
logic we fail to grasp, he asserts that CitiMortgage was required to prove a “legitimate connection”
5 between the deed of trust and the right to treat Brown as a tenant at sufferance. The appellate rules
require an appellant’s brief to contain a clear and concise argument for the contentions made. TEX.
R. APP. P. 38.1(i). A point of error not adequately supported by either argument or authorities is
waived. Huey v. Huey, 200 S.W.3d 851, 854 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.). We conclude
that this issue is inadequately briefed and presents nothing for our review. See Kupchynsky v.
Nardiello, 230 S.W.3d 685, 692 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2007, pet. denied).
As mentioned above, Brown asserts that CitiMortgage has no standing to sue on its claim
for possession. He apparently bases this claim on Section 16.035(d) of the Texas Civil Practice
and Remedies Code, which mandates that a person holding a right to demand a nonjudicial sale as
a means of enforcing a contractual lien must exercise that right of sale within four years of the
time that the right arose. See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. 16.035(d) (West 2002). In
making this claim, it is apparent that Brown confuses the act of foreclosure (which took place in
2009) with the subsequent efforts by CitiMortgage to divest Brown of the possession of the
property and gain possession for itself. In fact, CitiMortgage did exercise its right to pursue
nonjudicial foreclosure well within the four-year time period prescribed by law and was not barred
by limitations from doing so. In his conflation of the concepts of acceleration of maturity and its
relationship to foreclosure with the relationship between the act of foreclosure and the legal steps
taken to reduce possession to the actual owner, Brown relies on a federal district court case 3 for
3 Brown makes reference in his brief to Kingman Holdings, LLC v. Bank of New York, No. 3:13-CV-1688-L, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. In attempting to locate the citation to which he refers, our search reveals two citations, those being Kingman Holdings, LLC v. Bank of New York, No. 3:13- CV-1688-L, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 107543 (N.D. Tex., July 31, 2013); Kingman Holdings, LLC v. Bank of New York, No. 3:13-CV-1688-L, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 51759 (N.D. Tex., Apr. 15, 2014). It is uncertain to which of the two citations Brown intends to refer. 6 authority. There are two primary problems with Brown’s reliance on the cited case. First, the
holding of a federal district court is not binding on a Texas state court. Second, the holding in that
case does nothing to bolster Brown’s position.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Bailey C. Moseley Justice
Date Submitted: May 20, 2015 Date Decided: May 22, 2015