Pioneer Trust and Savings Bank v. Zonta

393 N.E.2d 548, 74 Ill. App. 3d 614, 30 Ill. Dec. 512, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2783
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJuly 12, 1979
Docket78-1297
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 393 N.E.2d 548 (Pioneer Trust and Savings Bank v. Zonta) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pioneer Trust and Savings Bank v. Zonta, 393 N.E.2d 548, 74 Ill. App. 3d 614, 30 Ill. Dec. 512, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2783 (Ill. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinion

Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE JIG ANTI

delivered the opinion of the court:

The plaintiffs, Pioneer Trust and Savings Bank (Pioneer Trust), individually, and as trustee of a land trust and Louis Seidman, the beneficial owner of that trust, brought suit in the circuit court of Cook County as lessors of property seeking to collect rent, attorney’s fees and other damages they allege are owed to them by the defendants, Angelo Zonta and Mike Gentile. The individual interest of Pioneer Trust is not explained in the record. Following a trial without a jury, the court entered judgment for the amount of *1945 in favor of Pioneer Trust and Seidman. That amount includes compensation for damage to their property, some attorney’s fees and reimbursement for a title insurance policy they purchased. The court denied their claims for rent and for any attorney’s fees incurred in attempting to obtain the rent. Pioneer Trust and Seidman appeal this decision; there is no cross-appeal.

In January 1975, Zonta contacted Seidman about renting Seidman’s one-story brick building and the adjacent unpaved lot. Zonta, a caterer since 1964, proposed to use the property for a catering business. Seidman, an upholsterer, told Zonta that he was negotiating to lease the building to another party but that he would consider renting it to Zonta under a long-term lease with a minimum monthly rent of *2600.

During January and February, Zonta and Seidman met and discussed such a lease on several occasions. Although Zonta told Seidman he intended to use the building as a catering hall, at no time did Zonta disclose the number of patrons he intended his building to serve. At trial, Zonta said that sort of information “had nothing to do with [Seidman].” At the negotiating sessions they decided that if Zonta leased the property and if remodeling were needed, Zonta, not Seidman, would do all the work required, although Seidman would have the right to see and approve the plans for it.

On April 21,1975, Zonta and his guarantor, Gentile, signed the lease. The term was from April 1975 (no specific day given) until May 31,1980, with rent of *2600 per month. A rider stated that the lessor agreed to “abate all rental due until June 1,1975,” unless remodeling were to begin earlier. Another clause provided that Zonta could remodel the building with the approval of Seidman and Pioneer Trust and that he could install a parking lot, the size of which was to be determined later by the parties. It was also represented that at the time Zonta took possession, the building would not be in violation of State, county or municipal building codes. Zonta agreed to pay any future tax increase and a security deposit which was due in May 1975. Finally, in the event of default on the lease, Zonta would be responsible for any reasonable attorney’s fees which might be expended in enforcing the lease.

In January or February, 1975, prior to signing the lease, Zonta hired Victor Ramaciotti, an architect, to design the building as a banquet hall with the capacity to seat 400 people. This was the size Zonta thought necessary for the business to be a financial success. Ramaciotti told Zonta that for a facility that size the present zoning laws would require a parking lot almost double the area of the lot next to the building. That lot could only support a catering hall with a 260-person capacity. According to Zonta, such a facility is not economically sound. Zonta attempted to purchase another nearby lot but was unsuccessful. There was some evidence that, after the lease was signed but before the rent was due under it, Zonta showed Seidman the plans for the restaurant and told him about the zoning problem.

Zonta paid neither the security deposit nor rent. In September 1975, Pioneer Trust and Seidman filed this suit. Evidence shovved Seidman immediately put the building on the rental market after learning that Zonta did not intend to use it, but that the building remained vacant until February 28, 1976. In addition, Pioneer Trust and Seidman sought reimbursement for the title insurance policy they had purchased, for repair work they contend was necessary because of the damage caused by Zonta, and attorney’s fees.

On appeal, Pioneer Trust and Seidman contend that the lease gives them a clear right to these damages. The gist of the argument Zonta and Gentile present is that the zoning restriction limiting the size of the restaurant in proportion to the size of the parking lot frustrated the purpose of the bargain and made the lease of the building unenforceable. First, Zonta and Gentile suggest that the parties had agreed, as a condition precedent to the existence of the lease itself, that the catering business in the building have a capacity of 400 persons. The zoning restriction impeding this purpose, therefore, prevented the lease from becoming effective. Second, Zonta and Gentile argue that the basis of the bargain between the parties was the use of the building as a catering hall with a capacity of 400 persons. The zoning restriction then, is characterized as a mutual mistake of fact or at least a lack of mutuality which demands the rescission of the lease.

We cannot accept either of those arguments. First, the defendants have waived the right to complain of the nonperformance of a condition precedent. The complaint made a general allegation that all conditions precedent to the contract were performed. The defendants answered it with a general denial. Under Supreme Court Rule 133 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1975, ch. 110A, par. 133), in order to effectively raise an issue concerning a condition precedent, facts must be alleged to show the failure to perform it. Since Zonta and Gentile did not do this in their answer, the issue has not been properly raised.

Second, and more importantly, in this case the agreement between the parties was reduced to writing and under such circumstances the intentions of the parties must be ascertained from the instrument itself. (Gardiakos v. Vanguard Communications, Inc. (1976), 38 Ill. App. 3d 937, 350 N.E.2d 210.) Zonta and Gentile point to no explicit language in the contract which would state a condition precedent of the nature they describe. Nor do they demonstrate any ambiguity from which such a condition can be inferred. Finally, even if the ambiguity existed, the defendants have not produced any extrinsic evidence which would substantiate their claim. In light of such omissions, we cannot say that the parties intended to condition the lease on anything more than their signatures or the rent on anything more than the commencement of remodeling or the occurrence of June 1, 1975.

The second argument, suggesting that the zoning restrictions caused a failure of the basis of the bargain between the parties, must also be rejected. While in some cases prohibitions of use because of zoning may make a lease void or at least abate a portion of the rent due under it (see Annot., 37 A.L.R.3d 1018 (1971)), none of the conditions which necessitate such a rule have been demonstrated here.

Zonta and Gentile have not shown that the use of the building as a 400-person capacity business was the basis of the bargain between them and the lessors. Generally, rescission of a lease depends upon facts which prove the lessor’s knowledge of the lessee’s intended use of a building and utilization of that knowledge as inducement for the execution of the lease.

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Bluebook (online)
393 N.E.2d 548, 74 Ill. App. 3d 614, 30 Ill. Dec. 512, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2783, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pioneer-trust-and-savings-bank-v-zonta-illappct-1979.