Pineau v. Attorney General

CourtMassachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
DecidedJune 12, 2026
DocketSJC 13927
StatusPublished

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Pineau v. Attorney General, (Mass. 2026).

Opinion

NOTICE: All slip opinions and orders are subject to formal revision and are superseded by the advance sheets and bound volumes of the Official Reports. If you find a typographical error or other formal error, please notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Judicial Court, John Adams Courthouse, 1 Pemberton Square, Suite 2500, Boston, MA, 02108-1750; (617) 557- 1030; SJCReporter@sjc.state.ma.us

SJC-13927

CAROLINE PINEAU & others1 vs. ATTORNEY GENERAL & another.2

Suffolk. May 4, 2026. – June 12, 2026.

Present: Budd, C.J., Gaziano, Kafker, Wendlandt, Georges, Dewar, & Wolohojian, JJ.

Initiative. Constitutional Law, Initiative petition. Attorney General. Marijuana, Recreational, Medical.

Civil action commenced in the Supreme Judicial Court for the county of Suffolk on April 1, 2026.

The case was reported by Dewar, J.

Adam D. Fine (Timothy D. Swain also present) for the plaintiffs. Aaron Macris, Assistant Attorney General (Anne Sterman, Assistant Attorney General, also present) for the defendants. Patrick Strawbridge, for Coalition for a Healthy Massachusetts, amicus curiae, submitted a brief. Christine Baily, for Massachusetts Cannabis Coalition, amicus curiae, submitted a brief.

1 Gyasi Sellers, Boey Bertold, and Lisa Mauriello.

2 Secretary of the Commonwealth. 2

DEWAR, J. The plaintiffs, four Massachusetts voters,

challenge the Attorney General's certification of an initiative

petition proposing "An Act to Restore a Sensible Marijuana

Policy" for inclusion on the Statewide ballot at the November

2026 election. The plaintiffs contend that this initiative

petition violates two requirements under art. 48 of the

Amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution: that the petition

contain only subjects "which are related or which are mutually

dependent," art. 48, The Initiative, II, § 3, as amended by art.

74 of the Amendments, and that it not be "inconsistent with

. . . [t]he right to receive compensation for private property

appropriated to public use," art. 48, The Initiative, II, § 2.

The plaintiffs also claim that the Attorney General's summary of

the petition is not "fair" as required by art. 48, The

Initiative, II, § 3, as amended by art. 74, because the summary

does not mention a number of the respects in which the petition,

if approved, would change existing law. We conclude that the

Attorney General did not err in certifying the petition on

either of the claimed grounds, and that her summary of the

petition is fair. We therefore remand the case to the county

court for entry of a judgment declaring that the Attorney 3

General's certification and summary comply with the requirements

of art. 48.3

Background. 1. Statutory framework. Because the

initiative petition seeks to achieve its purposes in part by

repealing some but not all of the Commonwealth's existing laws

regulating marijuana, we begin with an overview of those laws.

In 2012, Massachusetts voters approved an initiative petition

legalizing the possession, use, and sale of medically prescribed

marijuana. See St. 2012, c. 369, §§ 1 et seq. In 2016, the

voters approved an initiative petition legalizing marijuana for

recreational use and establishing a regulatory framework for its

taxation, production, and sale. See St. 2016, c. 334, §§ 1 et

seq. In particular, the voters enacted G. L. c. 94G, governing

the recreational use and distribution of marijuana, see St.

2016, c. 334, § 5, and also G. L. c. 64N, governing the taxation

of nonmedical marijuana, see St. 2016, c. 334, § 4. Among other

provisions, the newly enacted chapter 94G created the Cannabis

Control Commission (CCC or commission). See St. 2016, c. 334,

§ 3.

In the decade since the legalization of recreational

marijuana, the Legislature has amended these laws in a number of

We acknowledge the amicus briefs submitted by the 3

Coalition for a Healthy Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Cannabis Commission. 4

respects. Most relevant here, in 2017, the Legislature amended

chapter 94G to require host community agreements between local

municipal authorities and marijuana establishments. See St.

2017, c. 55, § 25, inserting G. L. c. 94G, § 3 [d]. And in

2022, the Legislature further amended chapter 94G to establish

the Cannabis Social Equity Trust Fund (trust), see St. 2022,

c. 180, § 18, inserting G. L. c. 94G, § 14A, and the

Commonwealth's Cannabis Social Equity Program (social equity

program), see St. 2022, c. 180, § 20, inserting G. L. c. 94G,

§ 22. The trust is funded by marijuana licensing fees, taxes on

nonmedical marijuana, civil marijuana penalties, and private

sources, see G. L. c. 94G, § 14, with the purpose of encouraging

"the full participation in the [C]ommonwealth's regulated

marijuana industry of entrepreneurs from communities that have

been disproportionately harmed by marijuana prohibition and

enforcement," G. L. c. 94G, § 14A (a). The social equity

program offers "(i) technical assistance and training; and (ii)

guidance on how to access funds available through the [trust]

. . . to individuals certified by the commission as economic

empowerment priority applicants and that meet other criteria

determined by the commission." G. L. c. 94G, § 22.4

4 On April 19, 2026, the Legislature enacted a number of additional amendments that, among other changes, restructured the CCC, see St. 2026, c. 65, § 1, inserting G. L. c. 6, § 223; St. 2026, c. 65, § 2, repealing G. L. c. 10, § 76, and increased 5

2. Initiative Petition 25-10. In 2025, a group of

Massachusetts voters submitted Initiative Petition 25-10,

proposing a regulatory scheme for marijuana that would resemble,

albeit with modifications, the regime in place prior to voters'

approval of the 2016 initiative petition legalizing recreational

marijuana. The petition would repeal chapters 94G and 64N,

which currently govern recreational marijuana and its taxation,

but would not repeal the chapter governing medical marijuana,

G. L. c. 94I.

The petition would not criminalize all possession of

marijuana that is not medically prescribed, however. Persons

age twenty-one or older would not be subject to any criminal or

civil penalty for possessing one ounce or less of marijuana, and

they would incur only a civil penalty of a one hundred dollar

fine and forfeiture of the marijuana for possession of more than

one, and up to two, ounces. A person under twenty-one years old

possessing two ounces or less of marijuana also would be subject

to a one hundred dollar civil fine and forfeiture of the

the amount of marijuana a person may possess without incurring criminal liability, see G. L. c. 94C, §§ 32L, 32M, as amended though St. 2026, c. 65, §§ 7, 8. The parties brought these amendments to this court's attention -- noting that certain provisions cited in their briefs had been modified -- but they have not contended that the recent amendments affect the merits of the legal issues before us. Except where noted, our statutory citations are to the current General Laws. 6

marijuana, as well as required completion of a drug awareness

program, with parental notification for offenders under the age

of eighteen and additional penalties for failure to complete the

program.

Among other provisions, the proposed measure also would

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