1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Juliet Pietro, No. CV-25-00097-TUC-RM
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Sands Properties LLC, et al.,
13 Defendants. 14 15 On February 28, 2025, Plaintiff Juliet Pietro filed a Complaint (Doc. 1)1, an 16 Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (Doc. 2), an Application for 17 Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis (Doc. 4), and a Motion to Allow Electronic Filing 18 (Doc. 5). On March 4, 2025, Plaintiff filed an “Amendment to Ex Parte Emergency Motion 19 for Temporary Restraining Order,” which was docketed as a motion. (Doc. 8.) 20 I. Application for Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis (Doc. 4) 21 In her Application to Proceed in Forma Pauperis, Plaintiff avers that she and her 22 spouse have a combined average monthly income of $200.00, with $1,650 in savings, $900 23 in assets (excluding their home), and total monthly expenses of $418. (Doc. 4.) Plaintiff 24 also states that she and her husband receive food stamps and Medicaid. (Id. at 5.) The 25 Court finds that Plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of these proceedings and will therefore 26 grant her Application to Proceed in Forma Pauperis. 27 . . . .
28 1 Plaintiff captioned her Complaint: “Complaint and Request for Injunction and to Require Performance of a Contract to Convey Real Property.” (Doc. 1.) 1 II. Motion to Allow Electronic Filing by a Party Appearing Without an Attorney 2 (Doc. 5) 3 Plaintiff requests permission to electronically file documents in this case. (Doc. 5.) 4 Plaintiff avers that she can comply with all equipment and rule requirements governing 5 electronic filing and has submitted a completed Registration Form. (Docs. 5, 5-1.) 6 Accordingly, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s Motion to Allow Electronic Filing by a Party 7 Without an Attorney (Doc. 5), as detailed below. 8 III. Statutory Screening of Complaints 9 The Prison Litigation Reform Act states that a district court “shall dismiss” an in 10 forma pauperis complaint if, at any time, the court determines that the action “fails to state 11 a claim on which relief may be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). “[S]ection 1915(e) 12 applies to all in forma pauperis complaints, not just those filed by prisoners.” Lopez v. 13 Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc); see also Calhoun v. Stahl, 254 F.3d 14 845 (9th Cir. 2001) (per curiam). 15 A pleading must contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 16 pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) (emphasis added). “Threadbare recitals 17 of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not 18 suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). “[A] complaint must contain 19 sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 20 face.’” Id. at 678 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). A 21 claim is plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw 22 the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. 23 “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief [is] . . . a context- 24 specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and 25 common sense.” Id. at 679. Thus, although a plaintiff’s specific factual allegations may 26 be consistent with a constitutional claim, a court must assess whether there are other “more 27 likely explanations” for a defendant’s conduct. Id. at 681. 28 As the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has instructed, courts 1 must “continue to construe pro se filings liberally.” Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 2 (9th Cir. 2010). A complaint filed by a pro se litigant “must be held to less stringent 3 standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Id. (internal quotation omitted). 4 Nevertheless, “a liberal interpretation of a civil rights complaint may not supply essential 5 elements of the claim that were not initially pled.” Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 6 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 7 If the Court determines that a pleading could be cured by the allegation of other 8 facts, a pro se litigant is entitled to an opportunity to amend a complaint before dismissal 9 of the action. See Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1127-29. 10 A. Complaint 11 In her Complaint, Plaintiff names as Defendants Sands Properties LLC and certain 12 individuals she claims are descendants of Louis M. Sands and are listed as managing 13 members of the company on the Arizona Corporation Commission website: Marilyn W 14 Sands Harris (with an address in Arizona), Kathleen Sands Williams (of Texas), Louis 15 Sands IV (of Arizona), and Elizabeth Sands Reid (of California). (Doc. 1 at 1-2.) 16 Plaintiff claims both diversity of citizenship and federal question as the basis for 17 jurisdiction. (Id. at 2, 5.) As the basis for diversity jurisdiction, Plaintiff states that “[n]ot 18 all Defendants live in Arizona.” (Id. at 2.) Plaintiff claims that federal question jurisdiction 19 “exists regarding the constitutionality of Summary Judgment, particularly in cases like this 20 involving disputes of ownership of real property or a citizen[’]s means of livelihood,” 21 where wealthy defendants face poorer, self-represented litigants. (Id. at 5.) 22 Plaintiff’s Complaint arises from the following allegations. (Id. at 3-6.) In 1998, 23 Leslie Shannon, who was a foreman or manager for the Sands Ranch, promised Plaintiff 24 and her then-husband, Donald Palmer, ownership of approximately five acres of land 25 owned by Sands Ranch in exchange for Palmer’s employment. (Id. at 3.)2 The 26 employment contract consisted of a “gentlemen’s [sic] agreement” between Palmer and 27 Shannon, and the property was to be Palmer’s sole compensation for his work. (Id.) In the
28 2 Plaintiff does not explain the authority Shannon had to exchange the Sands Ranch land. (See Doc. 1 at 3.) 1 same year, Palmer moved his manufactured home onto the property. (Id.) In 2008, before 2 the property could be conveyed, Shannon died. (Id.) Despite this, Palmer and Plaintiff 3 continued to reside on the property until March 2022, when Plaintiff received a notice from 4 an attorney for Sands Ranch demanding they vacate the premises. (Id.)3 5 In July 2022, Plaintiff filed a pro se complaint for adverse possession in Cochise 6 County Superior Court. (Id. at 4.)4 On March 11, 2024, the Superior Court granted 7 summary judgment in Sands’ favor, leading to Plaintiff’s eviction from the property. (Id.) 8 On October 17, 2024, the Superior Court entered a final order granting Defendant 9 possession of the property and requiring Plaintiff’s removal. (Id. at 5.) The Court awarded 10 Defendant costs of $2,951.75. (Id.) Plaintiff claims that Sands intends to execute a forcible 11 eviction by February 28, 2025. (Id. at 6.) 12 As relief, Plaintiff requests that this Court vacate the Arizona Superior Court’s 13 summary judgment order, require specific performance of the contract to convey the 14 property, or alternatively, grant her title through adverse possession. (Id. at 6-7.) 15 Additionally, Plaintiff seeks damages if specific performance cannot be provided. (Id.) 16 B.
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1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 Juliet Pietro, No. CV-25-00097-TUC-RM
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Sands Properties LLC, et al.,
13 Defendants. 14 15 On February 28, 2025, Plaintiff Juliet Pietro filed a Complaint (Doc. 1)1, an 16 Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (Doc. 2), an Application for 17 Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis (Doc. 4), and a Motion to Allow Electronic Filing 18 (Doc. 5). On March 4, 2025, Plaintiff filed an “Amendment to Ex Parte Emergency Motion 19 for Temporary Restraining Order,” which was docketed as a motion. (Doc. 8.) 20 I. Application for Leave to Proceed in Forma Pauperis (Doc. 4) 21 In her Application to Proceed in Forma Pauperis, Plaintiff avers that she and her 22 spouse have a combined average monthly income of $200.00, with $1,650 in savings, $900 23 in assets (excluding their home), and total monthly expenses of $418. (Doc. 4.) Plaintiff 24 also states that she and her husband receive food stamps and Medicaid. (Id. at 5.) The 25 Court finds that Plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of these proceedings and will therefore 26 grant her Application to Proceed in Forma Pauperis. 27 . . . .
28 1 Plaintiff captioned her Complaint: “Complaint and Request for Injunction and to Require Performance of a Contract to Convey Real Property.” (Doc. 1.) 1 II. Motion to Allow Electronic Filing by a Party Appearing Without an Attorney 2 (Doc. 5) 3 Plaintiff requests permission to electronically file documents in this case. (Doc. 5.) 4 Plaintiff avers that she can comply with all equipment and rule requirements governing 5 electronic filing and has submitted a completed Registration Form. (Docs. 5, 5-1.) 6 Accordingly, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s Motion to Allow Electronic Filing by a Party 7 Without an Attorney (Doc. 5), as detailed below. 8 III. Statutory Screening of Complaints 9 The Prison Litigation Reform Act states that a district court “shall dismiss” an in 10 forma pauperis complaint if, at any time, the court determines that the action “fails to state 11 a claim on which relief may be granted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). “[S]ection 1915(e) 12 applies to all in forma pauperis complaints, not just those filed by prisoners.” Lopez v. 13 Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc); see also Calhoun v. Stahl, 254 F.3d 14 845 (9th Cir. 2001) (per curiam). 15 A pleading must contain a “short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 16 pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2) (emphasis added). “Threadbare recitals 17 of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not 18 suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). “[A] complaint must contain 19 sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 20 face.’” Id. at 678 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). A 21 claim is plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw 22 the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. 23 “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief [is] . . . a context- 24 specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and 25 common sense.” Id. at 679. Thus, although a plaintiff’s specific factual allegations may 26 be consistent with a constitutional claim, a court must assess whether there are other “more 27 likely explanations” for a defendant’s conduct. Id. at 681. 28 As the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has instructed, courts 1 must “continue to construe pro se filings liberally.” Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 2 (9th Cir. 2010). A complaint filed by a pro se litigant “must be held to less stringent 3 standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.” Id. (internal quotation omitted). 4 Nevertheless, “a liberal interpretation of a civil rights complaint may not supply essential 5 elements of the claim that were not initially pled.” Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 6 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 7 If the Court determines that a pleading could be cured by the allegation of other 8 facts, a pro se litigant is entitled to an opportunity to amend a complaint before dismissal 9 of the action. See Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1127-29. 10 A. Complaint 11 In her Complaint, Plaintiff names as Defendants Sands Properties LLC and certain 12 individuals she claims are descendants of Louis M. Sands and are listed as managing 13 members of the company on the Arizona Corporation Commission website: Marilyn W 14 Sands Harris (with an address in Arizona), Kathleen Sands Williams (of Texas), Louis 15 Sands IV (of Arizona), and Elizabeth Sands Reid (of California). (Doc. 1 at 1-2.) 16 Plaintiff claims both diversity of citizenship and federal question as the basis for 17 jurisdiction. (Id. at 2, 5.) As the basis for diversity jurisdiction, Plaintiff states that “[n]ot 18 all Defendants live in Arizona.” (Id. at 2.) Plaintiff claims that federal question jurisdiction 19 “exists regarding the constitutionality of Summary Judgment, particularly in cases like this 20 involving disputes of ownership of real property or a citizen[’]s means of livelihood,” 21 where wealthy defendants face poorer, self-represented litigants. (Id. at 5.) 22 Plaintiff’s Complaint arises from the following allegations. (Id. at 3-6.) In 1998, 23 Leslie Shannon, who was a foreman or manager for the Sands Ranch, promised Plaintiff 24 and her then-husband, Donald Palmer, ownership of approximately five acres of land 25 owned by Sands Ranch in exchange for Palmer’s employment. (Id. at 3.)2 The 26 employment contract consisted of a “gentlemen’s [sic] agreement” between Palmer and 27 Shannon, and the property was to be Palmer’s sole compensation for his work. (Id.) In the
28 2 Plaintiff does not explain the authority Shannon had to exchange the Sands Ranch land. (See Doc. 1 at 3.) 1 same year, Palmer moved his manufactured home onto the property. (Id.) In 2008, before 2 the property could be conveyed, Shannon died. (Id.) Despite this, Palmer and Plaintiff 3 continued to reside on the property until March 2022, when Plaintiff received a notice from 4 an attorney for Sands Ranch demanding they vacate the premises. (Id.)3 5 In July 2022, Plaintiff filed a pro se complaint for adverse possession in Cochise 6 County Superior Court. (Id. at 4.)4 On March 11, 2024, the Superior Court granted 7 summary judgment in Sands’ favor, leading to Plaintiff’s eviction from the property. (Id.) 8 On October 17, 2024, the Superior Court entered a final order granting Defendant 9 possession of the property and requiring Plaintiff’s removal. (Id. at 5.) The Court awarded 10 Defendant costs of $2,951.75. (Id.) Plaintiff claims that Sands intends to execute a forcible 11 eviction by February 28, 2025. (Id. at 6.) 12 As relief, Plaintiff requests that this Court vacate the Arizona Superior Court’s 13 summary judgment order, require specific performance of the contract to convey the 14 property, or alternatively, grant her title through adverse possession. (Id. at 6-7.) 15 Additionally, Plaintiff seeks damages if specific performance cannot be provided. (Id.) 16 B. Discussion 17 Here, the requirements for diversity jurisdiction are not satisfied because Plaintiff 18 fails to allege complete diversity. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332; Caterpillar Inc. v. Lewis, 519 19 U.S. 61, 68 (1996) (“The current general-diversity statute…applies only to cases in which 20 the citizenship of each plaintiff is diverse from the citizenship of each defendant.”). 21 Specifically, Plaintiff is domiciled in the same state, Arizona, as Defendants Sands 22 Properties LLC, Marilyn W. Sands Harris, and Louis Sands IV. (See Doc. 1 at 1-2.) 23 Plaintiff also fails to establish federal question jurisdiction because there are no federal 24 questions presented in the Complaint. Plaintiff cites no authority to support her claim that 25 the Cochise County’s granting of a summary judgment motion is a basis for federal 26 question jurisdiction.
27 3 Plaintiff explains that she has remarried and “has lived with her current husband on the property undisturbed since 2013.” (Id. at 4.) 28 4 Plaintiff claims that her 27 years of open and unopposed residence on the land satisfies Arizona’s adverse possession requirements. (Id.) 1 Finally, the Court notes that Plaintiff’s claim may be precluded by the doctrine of 2 claim preclusion. See Hastings v. Grundy, No. CV-19-4645-PHX-DGC, 2020 WL 3 5517303, at *3 (D. Ariz. Sept. 14, 2020) (“In Arizona, the doctrine of claim preclusion, or 4 res judicata, prevents a plaintiff from bringing a second lawsuit when a prior judgment on 5 the merits was rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction and the matter now in issue 6 between the same parties or their privities was, or might have been, determined in the 7 former action.”) (internal quotation marks omitted). 8 For the foregoing reasons, the Court will dismiss Plaintiff’s Complaint for lack of 9 subject matter jurisdiction, with leave to amend. If Plaintiff files an amended complaint, 10 she must cure the deficiencies addressed above. 11 IV. Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Temporary Restraining Order 12 Because the Court is dismissing Plaintiff’s Complaint with leave to amend, and 13 there are therefore no claims currently pending in this action, the Court will dismiss as 14 moot Plaintiff’s Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (Doc. 2) 15 and the Amendment to the Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (Doc. 8). See Mester 16 v. Martel, No. 217CV1712KJMACP, 2018 WL 1567833, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 30, 2018) 17 (“Because the complaint is being dismissed with leave to amend, there are currently no 18 claims pending and the motion for preliminary injunction will therefore be denied as 19 moot.”). 20 V. Warnings 21 A. Address Changes 22 If her address changes, Plaintiff must file and serve a notice of a change of address 23 in accordance with Rule 83.3(d) of the Local Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiff must not 24 include a motion for other relief with a notice of change of address. Failure to comply may 25 result in dismissal of this action. 26 B. Possible Dismissal 27 If Plaintiff fails to timely comply with every provision of this Order, including these 28 warnings, the Court may dismiss this action without further notice. See Ferdik v Bonzelet, 1 963 F.2d 1258, 1260-61 (9th Cir. 1992) (a district court may dismiss an action for failure 2 to comply with any order of the Court). This action will be dismissed if Plaintiff fails to 3 timely file an amended complaint. 4 IT IS ORDERED: 5 (1) Plaintiff’s Application for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Doc. 4) is 6 granted. 7 (2) Plaintiff’s Motion to Allow Electronic Filing by a Party Appearing Without 8 an Attorney (Doc. 5) is granted in this case only. Plaintiff is required to 9 comply with all rules outlined in the District of Arizona’s Case 10 Management/Electronic Case Filing Administrative Policies and Procedures 11 Manual, have access to the required equipment and software, have a personal 12 electronic mailbox of sufficient capacity to send and receive electronic notice 13 of case related transmissions, be able to electronically transmit documents to 14 the court in .pdf, complete the attached form to register as a user with the 15 Clerk’s Office within five (5) days of the date of this Order, register as a 16 subscriber to PACER (Public Access to Electronic Records) within five (5) 17 days of the date of this Order and comply with the privacy policy of the 18 Judicial Conference of the United States and the E-Govemment Act of 2002. 19 Any misuse of the ECF system will result in immediate discontinuation of 20 this privilege and disabling of the password assigned to the party. 21 (3) Plaintiff’s Complaint (Doc. 1) is dismissed without prejudice for lack of 22 subject matter jurisdiction. Within thirty (30) days of the date this Order 23 is filed, Plaintiff may file an amended complaint that cures the deficiencies 24 addressed above. If Plaintiff fails to file an amended complaint within thirty 25 days, the Clerk of Court is directed to enter a judgment of dismissal without 26 prejudice and without further notice to Plaintiff. 27 (4) Plaintiff’s Emergency Ex Parte Motion for Temporary Restraining Order 28 (Doc. 2) is denied as moot. 1 (5) Plaintiff's Amendment to Ex Parte Emergency Motion for Temporary 2 Restraining Order (Doc. 8) is denied as moot. 3 Dated this 4th day of March, 2025. 4 5 rhe baer, 7 a) Z Honorable Rostsiary □□□□□□□ 8 United States District □□□□□ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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