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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 MATHEW W. PIERSON, 3 Petitioner-Appellee, 4 v. NO. 32,688 5 TINA S. LONG, 6 Respondent-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY 8 Alisa Ann Hadfield, District Judge
9 James P. Baiamonte 10 Albuquerque, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Tina S. Long 13 Albuquerque, NM
14 Pro se Appellant
15 MEMORANDUM OPINION 16 WECHSLER, Judge.
1 {1} Respondent, pro se, appeals from the district court’s final decree of dissolution 2 of marriage. We issued a notice of proposed summary disposition, proposing to 3 affirm. Respondent has filed a memorandum in opposition to our notice. We have 4 duly considered her response and remain unpersuaded that the district court erred. We, 5 therefore, affirm. 6 {2} In her docketing statement, Respondent argued that there was no valid marriage, 7 and therefore, the district court erroneously granted a dissolution of marriage and 8 erroneously divided the property in accordance with “common law.” [Amended DS 9 18-22] Respondent also argued that the rules of evidence were violated when the 10 district court admitted the unfiled marriage license. [Amended DS 19-20] In her final 11 issue, Respondent argues that the district court erred by denying her motion to take 12 judicial notice of facts under Rule 1-090 NMRA and erred by denying her motion for 13 stay of all orders, for voiding the judgment, and to dismiss to change venue to another 14 civil case. [Amended DS 20-21] The calendar notice construed Respondent’s final 15 challenge to the denial of a motion for stay as a motion for stay in this Court filed 16 under Rule 12-207 NMRA and denied it. 17 {3} The issues in Respondent’s memorandum in opposition to our notice do not 18 track the subject matter of the issues addressed in our notice. Respondent pursues her 19 arguments that the marriage was invalid and the district court erroneously distributed
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1 the property under what she has distinguished as “Issues 1 & 2,” [MIO 1-10] and 2 “Issue 3.” [MIO 11-30] Respondent includes a fourth issue, but its subject matter is 3 not clear to us. [MIO 31-34] See Clayton v. Trotter, 110 N.M. 369, 373, 796 P.2d 4 262, 266 (Ct. App. 1990) (stating that the appellate court will review pro se arguments 5 to the best of its ability, but cannot respond to unintelligible arguments). Under “Issue 6 4,” Respondent refers to general propositions regarding stare decisis, judicial notice, 7 substantial evidence, and “law of the case.” [MIO 31-34] We do not review 8 undeveloped arguments or speculate about the arguments intended to be made. See 9 Headley v. Morgan Mgmt. Corp., 2005-NMCA-045, ¶ 15, 137 N.M. 339, 110 P.3d 10 1076; Newsome v. Farer, 103 N.M. 415, 419, 708 P.2d 327, 331 (1985) (holding that 11 pro se litigants are held to the “same standard of conduct and compliance with court 12 rules, procedures, and orders as are members of the bar”). Because Respondent does 13 not present us with an intelligible and developed argument under “Issue 4,” we do not 14 address it further. Also, because Respondent does not respond to our proposed 15 analysis under Issues 3 and 4 in our notice, she has abandoned those matters. See 16 Taylor v. Van Winkle’s IGA Farmer’s Mkt., 1996-NMCA-111, ¶ 5, 122 N.M. 486, 927 17 P.2d 41 (recognizing that issues raised in a docketing statement, but not contested in 18 a memorandum in opposition are abandoned).
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1 {4} As a result, we address only what we understand Respondent to argue in 2 response to our notice about the validity of the parties’ marriage and the division of 3 property. Respondent bases her contention that the marriage was invalid on the 4 unfiled marriage license and “falsified” marriage certificate. [Amended DS 18-19] 5 Our notice recognized that a marriage is valid even where it lacks a marriage license 6 and certificate, however. See Rivera v. Rivera, 2010-NMCA-106, ¶¶ 16-19, 149 N.M. 7 66, 243 P.3d 1148 (holding that the Legislature did not intend to make void a marriage 8 performed in New Mexico without an accompanying New Mexico marriage license); 9 Trower v. Bd. of Cty. Comm’rs, 75 N.M. 125, 128, 401 P.2d 109, 111 (1965) (“We 10 think the mere lack of evidence of a record of the issuance of a license or of a 11 ceremonial marriage is not sufficient to rebut the presumption of a ceremonial 12 marriage as claimed by appellee”), overruled on other grounds by Panzer v. Panzer, 13 87 N.M. 29, 528 P.2d 888 (1974). “Marriage is contemplated by the law as a civil 14 contract, for which the consent of the contracting parties, capable in law of 15 contracting, is essential.” NMSA 1978, § 40-1-1 (1862). “Our Supreme Court has 16 stated that ‘[f]or a marriage to be valid, it must be formally entered into by contract 17 and solemnized before an appropriate official.’” Rivera, 2010-NMCA-106, ¶ 8 18 (alteration in original) (quoting Merrill v. Davis, 100 N.M. 552, 553, 673 P.2d 1285, 19 1286 (1983). “The fact of marriage, like any other fact, may be proven either by
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1 direct or circumstantial evidence, documentary evidence or by parol, and the 2 sufficiency of the evidence to establish a marriage is governed by the general rules of 3 evidence.” Trower, 75 N.M. at 129, 401 P.2d at 111. 4 {5} Respondent does not dispute that an officiated marriage ceremony took place, 5 at which Petitioner and Respondent exchanged promises, and for which there were 6 witnesses and a signed and completed marriage certificate. [Amended DS 8] 7 Respondent’s arguments in response to our notice do not address the merits of our 8 proposed analysis; she continues to rely on unfulfilled promises, the unfiled marriage 9 license, and the “falsified” marriage certificate. We affirm the district court’s refusal 10 to grant an annulment and agree that the appropriate course of action was a dissolution 11 of marriage. 12 {6} Because we hold that the parties were legally married, we reject Respondent’s 13 complaints that the distribution of property was made under community property 14 principles. Although she does not make it perfectly clear, Respondent seems to 15 concede that this Court should examine some aspects of the distribution of property 16 only if we agree with her that the parties were not legally married. [MIO 10-12, 15- 17 17] To the extent that Respondent contends that the parties had an agreement that she 18 would put money in a joint bank account and sell her furniture and other personal 19 items in exchange for her name to be placed on the deed of the home, Respondent
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1 would need to make a showing of a separate agreement that is distinct from her 2 contention about marriage. Respondent does not make the factual or legal basis for 3 these arguments clear; we presume that Respondent made an insufficient showing of 4 such an agreement. See, e.g., Aragon v. Boyd, 80 N.M. 14, 17, 450 P.2d 614, 617 5 (1969) (stating that the statute of frauds requires written evidence of an agreement 6 involving interests in property, stating all the essential elements of a contract with 7 reasonable certainty and including a signature by the party to be charged). 8 {7} Respondent also complains that the district court divided funds from the parties’ 9 joint bank account under community property principles, calculated from the date the 10 parties opened the account, ten months before they were married. [MIO 19-28] It 11 appears that Respondent contends that if the district court was correct in dividing the 12 joint bank account in this manner, Respondent should be entitled to ownership of the 13 items purchased between the time they opened the account (April 2011) and when 14 they were married (February 2012). [MIO 23] Respondent does not describe the 15 items that were purchased during this time and does not explain why awarding her 16 ownership of the items might have a greater value than the district court’s division of 17 the funds. The only items Respondent specifically points out are truck upgrades, a 18 mountain bike, and “other home appliances,” and complains that they were not 19 distributed. [Id.] Respondent does not state how she preserved her complaints about
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1 these items or how and why they should have been distributed. See Woolwine v. 2 Furr’s, Inc., 106 N.M. 492, 496, 745 P.2d 717, 721 (Ct. App. 1987) (“To preserve an 3 issue for review on appeal, it must appear that appellant fairly invoked a ruling of the 4 trial court on the same grounds argued in the appellate court.”). 5 {8} The final decree indicates that the district court distributed several items the 6 parties purchased, awarding Respondent the gardening tools, awarding Petitioner the 7 juicer, and splitting the value of the juicer and gardening tools equally; the court 8 assigned debt to Petitioner for the purchase of the storage shed and the patio furniture, 9 and split the parties’ debt to the Hyundai equally. [RP 311-312] Also, the district 10 court noted that the joint bank account never dipped below the amount Petitioner 11 originally had in his account before adding Respondent to it. [RP 310] 12 The district court divided the net gain to the joint bank account between the parties 13 equally, even though the district court indicated that Petitioner had contributed much 14 more to the account. [RP 310-11] The district court noted that if Petitioner had 15 presented a more detailed analysis to the court, most likely, he would be entitled to 16 more than he requested and received from the joint bank account. [RP 310] The 17 district court also credited Respondent for her share of the principal reduction to 18 Petitioner’s separate, real property and granted her half of the community’s interest 19 in Petitioner’s individual checking account. [RP 311]
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1 {9} Respondent’s arguments are too vague and disjointed to establish that the 2 district court erred in its division of the joint bank account. Moreover, Respondent 3 does not provide this Court with a sufficiently comprehensible view of the overall 4 division of the property and does not state a coherent theory that would justify reversal 5 of the district court’s distribution of any piece of property. In our notice, we warned 6 Respondent that she should provide us with a succinct explanation of the relevant 7 expenses the parties made, the evidence and legal authority that supports her view of 8 each expense, the arguments made by the parties below, and the grounds for the 9 district court’s rulings. Respondent has not clarified any of these matters, and as a 10 result, Respondent has not demonstrated error. See Farmers, Inc., v. Dal Mach. & 11 Fabricating, Inc., 111 N.M. 6, 8, 800 P.2d 1063, 1065 (1990) (stating that the 12 appellate court presumes that the trial court is correct, and the burden is on the 13 appellant to clearly demonstrate that the trial court erred). 14 {10} For the reasons stated, we affirm the district court’s final decree of dissolution 15 of marriage. 16 {11} IT IS SO ORDERED.
17 ________________________________ 18 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge
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1 WE CONCUR:
2 ________________________________ 3 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge
4 ________________________________ 5 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge