Little, J.
It is very clear, under the evidence, that a new trial should have been granted. It may be well enough to observe, in the outset, that the claim that Sharpe & Co. were bona fide purchasers of the land, and that therefore as to them the verdict should have been allowed to stand, was not pressed in the presentation of the case in this court, nor is it referred to in the brief for the defendants in error which was filed here. On the contrary, counsel for defendants in error state in their brief that there is but one issue formed by the pleadings in this case, and that is, whether or not Pierce delivered the land in question to Parrish in satisfaction of the debts which the deed was held to secure, or whether Parrish procured the rent note by fraud. Accepting the contention thus made as being the issue presented for our determination, we omit any further reference to the question whether Sharpe & Co. were bona fide purchasers without notice, and were thereby entitled to hold [728] the land against the equity of Pierce, even if such existed, and proceed to the consideration of the rights of the petitioner and the defendant Parrish under the evidence submitted. Eliminating, for the present, the evidence introduced on the part of the plaintiff, it appears from that of Parrish himself that he held title to the land as security for the payment of twenty-two dollars, being the balance of the purchase-money due by Pierce to Milcell, which Parrish advanced. This witness testified that “ Tom or his wife did pay me $22, but that did not pay me all he owed me including my time.” Whether it paid all that Pierce was due Parrish was not the question. Under the agreement as testified to by him, the deed made by Milcell was only to secure the amount advanced. On this subject the witness says: “ Mr. Milcell was about to sell the place for the balance Tom owed him, and Tom seemed to be in a good deal of trouble, and insisted on my helping him out, and finally he got part of the money and agreed that if I would pay the balance he would pay me for my time I lost in attending to it, and would have Mr. Mikell to make the deed .to me to secure the amount advanced.” So that, under this evidence, while Pierce agreed to pay Parrish for whatever time Parrish lost in attending to the business, the deed which Parrish held from Mikell was simply to secure the amount which Parrish advanced. This being true, at the time the balance of twenty-two dollars was paid, Pierce had a perfect equity and was entitled to a conveyance vesting in him the legal title to the land; and Parrish had only the naked paper title. This witness further testified that when this balance was paid he offered to make to Pierce a deed to the land, w'hich' was declined, Pierce saying that he must have some supplies'.and a mule and'that he did not know where he could get them, and that if Parrish would let him have them he could hold the deed as security for the payment of such mule and supplies. Under this arrangement Parrish did furnish him with the mule, guano, and supplies, and when fall came Pierce failed to pay for the same, and Parrish told him that he needed the money and that Pierce would have to do something, or Parrish would 'have to sell the plac'e. Evidently Parrish proceeded on the idea that this conversation was sufficient to bind the land for the payment of the [729] value of the mule and the supplies which he furnished; but as a matter of law it did not have this effect. The title which the witness held was, as a security, limited to the balance which he had advanced to Mikell to pay the purchase-price of the land, and could not by a mere parol agreement be extended to include any other debt. At the time of this conversation and alleged agreement, as we have seen, Parrish had no interest in the land save as the possessor of the naked paper title, and, if he had desired to secure the payment of his advances to Pierce, he should have had such contract of security reduced to' writing and executed by Pierce. This is the only way in which such security could have been created. Section 2956 of the Civil Code declares that the delivery of title deeds creates no pledge, and the contract as testified to by this witness was the equivalent of the delivery to him of the title deeds to the land ; and while the witness held the title as between himself and Pierce, the title to the land was in Pierce, and when the latter consented that the witness should keep the title which was evidenced by the deed from'Mikell, it was the equivalent of the delivery of the title deed.
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Little, J.
It is very clear, under the evidence, that a new trial should have been granted. It may be well enough to observe, in the outset, that the claim that Sharpe & Co. were bona fide purchasers of the land, and that therefore as to them the verdict should have been allowed to stand, was not pressed in the presentation of the case in this court, nor is it referred to in the brief for the defendants in error which was filed here. On the contrary, counsel for defendants in error state in their brief that there is but one issue formed by the pleadings in this case, and that is, whether or not Pierce delivered the land in question to Parrish in satisfaction of the debts which the deed was held to secure, or whether Parrish procured the rent note by fraud. Accepting the contention thus made as being the issue presented for our determination, we omit any further reference to the question whether Sharpe & Co. were bona fide purchasers without notice, and were thereby entitled to hold [728] the land against the equity of Pierce, even if such existed, and proceed to the consideration of the rights of the petitioner and the defendant Parrish under the evidence submitted. Eliminating, for the present, the evidence introduced on the part of the plaintiff, it appears from that of Parrish himself that he held title to the land as security for the payment of twenty-two dollars, being the balance of the purchase-money due by Pierce to Milcell, which Parrish advanced. This witness testified that “ Tom or his wife did pay me $22, but that did not pay me all he owed me including my time.” Whether it paid all that Pierce was due Parrish was not the question. Under the agreement as testified to by him, the deed made by Milcell was only to secure the amount advanced. On this subject the witness says: “ Mr. Milcell was about to sell the place for the balance Tom owed him, and Tom seemed to be in a good deal of trouble, and insisted on my helping him out, and finally he got part of the money and agreed that if I would pay the balance he would pay me for my time I lost in attending to it, and would have Mr. Mikell to make the deed .to me to secure the amount advanced.” So that, under this evidence, while Pierce agreed to pay Parrish for whatever time Parrish lost in attending to the business, the deed which Parrish held from Mikell was simply to secure the amount which Parrish advanced. This being true, at the time the balance of twenty-two dollars was paid, Pierce had a perfect equity and was entitled to a conveyance vesting in him the legal title to the land; and Parrish had only the naked paper title. This witness further testified that when this balance was paid he offered to make to Pierce a deed to the land, w'hich' was declined, Pierce saying that he must have some supplies'.and a mule and'that he did not know where he could get them, and that if Parrish would let him have them he could hold the deed as security for the payment of such mule and supplies. Under this arrangement Parrish did furnish him with the mule, guano, and supplies, and when fall came Pierce failed to pay for the same, and Parrish told him that he needed the money and that Pierce would have to do something, or Parrish would 'have to sell the plac'e. Evidently Parrish proceeded on the idea that this conversation was sufficient to bind the land for the payment of the [729] value of the mule and the supplies which he furnished; but as a matter of law it did not have this effect. The title which the witness held was, as a security, limited to the balance which he had advanced to Mikell to pay the purchase-price of the land, and could not by a mere parol agreement be extended to include any other debt. At the time of this conversation and alleged agreement, as we have seen, Parrish had no interest in the land save as the possessor of the naked paper title, and, if he had desired to secure the payment of his advances to Pierce, he should have had such contract of security reduced to' writing and executed by Pierce. This is the only way in which such security could have been created. Section 2956 of the Civil Code declares that the delivery of title deeds creates no pledge, and the contract as testified to by this witness was the equivalent of the delivery to him of the title deeds to the land ; and while the witness held the title as between himself and Pierce, the title to the land was in Pierce, and when the latter consented that the witness should keep the title which was evidenced by the deed from'Mikell, it was the equivalent of the delivery of the title deed.
In the case of Davis v. Davis, 88 Ga. 191, it was ruled by this court that where the vendee of land, at the time of taking title thereto, procures a third person to advance a portion of the purchase-money and become his surety on a promissory note to the vendor for the balance, and deposits the deed with such third person as collateral security for the repayment of the purchase-money so advanced, and a few days thereafter executes and delivers to such third person his promissory note, to be due thereafter, for the whole amount of such purchase, no resulting trust is created in behalf of such third person, nor' does any equitable lien arise by reason of the deposit of the title deed. It is true that in the case of English v. McElroy, 62 Ga. 413, it was ruled that the deposit of deeds as collateral security for a debt does not create such a lien on the land as can be enforced at law, and that a bill in equity will lie to complete the contract and subject the land; but an examination of the record in that case shows that there was a written contract that the deeds so held were to be held as collateral security for the payment of the note, and it was because such a [730] contract was reduced to writing that the ruling was made,-thus bringing the transaction within the statute of frauds, which declares that to make a contract for the sale of lands or any interest in or concerning them binding, such contract must be in writing. Civil Code, § 2693. Nor was such verbal contract sufficient to create a lien of any character on the land for the purpose of securing the payment for the supplies furnished. Certainly it was not a mortgage, because a mortgage must necessarily be in writing and be duly executed by the party to be bound thereby. A verbal mortgage is not valid. Civil Code, §2724; Duke v. Culpepper, 72 Ga. 845. So that, as a matter of law, Parrish had neither a right in the land, nor any lien upon it, at the time he made the conveyance to Sharpe & Co.; nor can it be successfully contended that, under his own evidence, he afterwards acquired a title by a surrender of the land to him, because there was no proper conveyance. Of course, if the theory of Pierce be right, and the evidence which he introduced to sustain it be the truth, not only did Parrish not have any title or lien, but he had no equity of any character which could be enforced, and the matter would be reduced to a plain debt due by Pierce to Parrish. If this view of the law be correct, Pierce was entitled to'have a conveyance of the land made to him by Parrish as of the date of the payment of the purchase-money, irrespective of the advances; and if the latter refused to make such conveyance, it could be compelled by decree. Under our construction of the rights of the parties as affected by this contract, it was error for the court to charge the jury that if they should find from the evidence that the plaintiff was indebted to the defendant Parrish any amount, and that the plaintiff agreed that Parrish might hold the title to the land until he was paid, their verdict should be for the defendant. We have thus dealt with this single branch of the case, because its proper determination requires that the verdict should be set aside. If there are rights or equities which exist on either side, arising out of the transactions of the parties, other than the agreement which we have been considering, they can be properly adjusted in another trial, and enforced by a-proper decree. A new trial should have been granted.
Judgment reversed.
All the Justices concurring.