Phillips v. Boeing Co.

172 F. App'x 715

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: February 24, 2006
• Docket: No. 04-55310
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

*

Plaintiff-Appellant Acie C. Phillips, Jr. (“Phillips”) appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment for the Boeing Company (“Boeing”). Phillips filed an action for money damages that alleged, inter alia, age discrimination in violation of the California Fair Employment and Housing Act (“FEHA”). We conclude that there are genuine issues of material fact regarding whether Boeing’s proffered nondiscriminatory reason for discharge was a pretext for age discrimination. Accordingly, we reverse. The parties are familiar with the facts, so we do not recite them here.

We have jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review a district court’s decision to grant summary judgment de novo and consider the evidence in the light most favorable to Phillips, the non-moving party. See Yakutat, Inc. v. Gutierrez, 407 F.3d 1054, 1066 (9th Cir.2005). We also determine whether there are any genuine issues of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied relevant substantive law. See Olsen v. Idaho State Bd. of Medicine, 363 F.3d 916, 922 (9th Cir.2004); Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c).

In claims for age discrimination under FEHA,¹ we apply the burden-shifting framework established by the Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). See Nidds v. Schindler Elevator Corp., 113 F.3d 912, 916 (9th Cir.1996), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 950, 118 S.Ct. 369, 139 L.Ed.2d 287 (1997). Under the McDonnell Douglas framework, first the plaintiff must make out a prima facie case of age discrimination. See Nidds, 113 F.3d at 916. Next, if the plaintiff makes out a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the defendant to articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for discharging the plaintiff. See id. Finally, if the defendant carries his burden, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant’s proffered nondiscriminatory reason for discharge was a pretext for a discriminatory motive. See id.

We find that Phillips made out a prima facie case of age discrimination and adduced sufficient evidence to support an inference of unlawful discrimination. See Messick v. Horizon Industries, Inc., 62 F.3d 1227, 1229 (9th Cir.1995) (stating that “[t]he requisite degree of proof to establish a prima facie case is minimal; plaintiff need only offer evidence giving rise to an inference of unlawful discrimination”) (citation omitted).

Boeing presented several legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons in support of its decision to discharge Phillips. Phillips concedes that Boeing conducted a large-scale reduction-in-force at its Long Beach Facility during the time period surrounding Phillips’s discharge. Because reduction-in-force is a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason, Boeing carried its burden under prong two of the McDonnell Douglas framework.

Summary judgment is not appropriate in this case, however, because there are genuine issues of material fact regarding whether Boeing’s proffered reasons for discharging Phillips are a pretext for unlawful discrimination. The parties do not dispute that Phillips’s supervisor remarked to Phillips on multiple occasions, ‘You’ve been around a long time, have you considered retirement?” and “You’re an old man, you’ve been doing this a long time.” Although we have held that stray remarks are insufficient to establish discrimination, see Merrick v. Farmers Ins. Group, 892 F.2d 1434, 1438 (9th Cir.1990), the comments in this case could be innocuous or invidious depending on a number of factors, including facial expression, vocal inflection, and the circumstances in which the comments were uttered.

“This Court has set a high standard for the granting of summary judgment in employment discrimination cases, ... [and] require[s] very little evidence to survive summary judgment in a discrimination case.” Schnidrig v. Columbia Mach., Inc., 80 F.3d 1406, 1410 (9th Cir.1996) (internal quotation omitted). “[T]he ultimate question is one that can only be resolved through a ‘searching inquiry’ — one that is most appropriately conducted by the fact-finder, upon a full record.” Id. (internal quotation omitted).

Because Phillips proffered specific and substantial evidence that, when viewed in the light most favorable to him, supports the conclusion that Boeing’s proffered reasons for discharge were a pretext for a unlawful discrimination, summary judgment was not appropriate. This question should be resolved by a factfinder’s searching inquiry on a full record.

Accordingly, we REVERSE the district court’s entry of summary judgment and REMAND this case for further proceedings consistent with this memorandum.

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

1 . FEHA provides, in relevant part, that ”[i]t shall be an unlawful employment practice ... [f]or an employer, because of ... age ... to discharge the person from employment.” Cal. Gov’t Code § 12940.