SECOND DIVISION BARNES, P. J., MILLER, and RAY, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. http://www.gaappeals.us/rules/
May 30, 2013
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A13A0294. ERICK v. THE STATE.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
Following a bench trial, the trial court found Phillip Moore Erick guilty of theft
by taking based on evidence that he had misappropriated $20,000 owed to his
employer. On appeal, Erick maintains that there was insufficient evidence that venue
was proper in Gwinnett County. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.
“On appeal from a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict[.]” Vadde v. State, 296 Ga. App. 405 (674 SE2d 323) (2009).
So viewed, the evidence shows that Erick worked for D&S Glass Incorporated as a
project manager who bid on glass-installation jobs on behalf of the company.
However, during the summer of 2007, while he continued to work for D&S Glass,
Erick decided that he wanted to start his own glass installation company. In June 2007, Erick negotiated a contract for glass windows to be installed
during the construction of a new home in Fulton County for a total price of $39,644,
which included a $20,000 deposit. According to the homeowner, Erick held himself
out as representing D&S Glass during the negotiations. In negotiating the contract,
Erick also had the homeowner come to the Cobb County business location of D&S
Glass to view different types of glass for possible installation and to meet with several
representatives of the company.
The homeowner ultimately agreed to Erick’s proposal with the understanding
that D&S Glass would be performing the glass installation work.
At the homeowner’s direction, the general contractor overseeing the construction of
the home finalized the documentation for the glass installation and paid the $20,000
deposit, and the homeowner reimbursed the contractor.
The general contractor had not been involved in the negotiations between the
homeowner and Erick over the glass installation, had not gone with the homeowner
to view different types of glass at the business location of D&S Glass, and was
unaware that Erick had held himself out to the homeowner as representing D&S
Glass. On June 29, 2007, Erick had the general contractor sign a work proposal for
the $39,644 glass installation that listed “Erick’s Glass, Co.” as the installer of the
2 windows rather than D&S Glass, and he had the general contractor name “Erick’s
Glass” as the payee on the $20,000 deposit check issued by the contractor.
Neither the signed work proposal nor the $20,000 deposit were provided by
Erick to D&S Glass. Instead, Erick later provided the owners of D&S Glass with a
work proposal for the glass installation that listed the total installation price as only
$17,200.
Over the course of the summer, D&S Glass workers using glass and other
materials ordered from that company began installation of the windows at the home
under the direction of Erick. Erick continued to receive a salary from D&S Glass
during this period.
Ultimately, however, very little progress was made in the installation of the
windows. By the end of the summer, the homeowner and general contractor had
become frustrated because only a small percentage of the windows had been installed,
and the windows that had been installed repeatedly failed the quality control tests
performed by the general contractor. In September 2007, the homeowner and general
contractor met with Erick to discuss the installation problems. The meeting was held
in the garage of the house under construction. During the meeting, Erick admitted that
he had taken the $20,000 deposit check and used it to start his own glass company,
3 “Erick’s Glass.” According to Erick, he had used the deposit to purchase a truck and
a trailer for his new business rather than to pay D&S Glass for labor and materials.
Because Erick had used the $20,000 for his starting his own company, only 20
percent of the glass installation work had been completed by that point, and there
were insufficient materials on-site for completion of the job.
After Erick made these disclosures, one of the owners of D&S Glass was
contacted, and he came to the garage, where he was informed of what Erick had done.
Erick never returned to D&S Glass after the meeting and would not answer phone
calls to him from the company’s owners. D&S Glass subsequently attempted to
correct the installation problems and finish the installation of the glass at the home,
but the homeowner ultimately had all of the windows that had been installed on the
sides and back of the house removed and hired another company to complete the
installation work. In the end, D&S received only $2,000 for the glass installation
work it performed at the house.
The owners of D&S Glass contacted the police in Cobb County to report
Erick’s misappropriation of the $20,000 because that was the county where the
company was located. However, Cobb County transferred the case to Gwinnett
County after learning that the $20,000 check had been deposited into an account
4 associated with Erik via an automatic teller machine (“ATM”) located in the latter
county. After he was indicted in Gwinnett County for theft by taking based on
misappropriating the $20,000 owed to D&S Glass, Erick elected to have his case tried
in a bench trial.
At the bench trial, the homeowner, the general contractor, the two owners of
D&S Glass, and the Cobb County police investigator testified to the events as set out
above. To establish venue, the State called a banking center manager from Bank of
America as a witness, through whom bank business records were introduced into
evidence. Business records for the bank reflected that the $20,000 check issued by the
general contractor to “Erick’s Glass” had been endorsed for deposit only and had
been deposited into a business account with Bank of America via a drive-up ATM
located in Gwinnett County on June 29, 2007, the same day that the check had been
provided to Erick. The business account was under the name of Erick’s wife d/b/a
“Erick’s Glass Consultants.” The address listed on the account for “Erick’s Glass
Consultants” was in Walton County and was the same address that had been listed for
“Erick’s Glass, Co.” on the work proposal that Erik had the general contractor sign.
The banking center manager was unable to identify from the business records the
specific person who had made the deposit into the business account. The recordings
5 from the surveillance camera at the ATM were no longer in existence for the date at
issue.
Erick elected not to testify and presented no witnesses on his behalf. After
hearing all of the evidence, the trial court denied Erick’s motion for a directed verdict
of acquittal and subsequently found him guilty of theft by taking. Erick moved for a
new trial, contending that there had been insufficient evidence to prove that venue
was proper in Gwinnett County. The trial court disagreed and denied the motion.
Erick later moved for permission to file an out-of-time appeal, the trial court granted
the motion, and this appeal followed.
On appeal, Erick contends that the State failed to prove that venue was proper
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
SECOND DIVISION BARNES, P. J., MILLER, and RAY, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. http://www.gaappeals.us/rules/
May 30, 2013
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A13A0294. ERICK v. THE STATE.
BARNES, Presiding Judge.
Following a bench trial, the trial court found Phillip Moore Erick guilty of theft
by taking based on evidence that he had misappropriated $20,000 owed to his
employer. On appeal, Erick maintains that there was insufficient evidence that venue
was proper in Gwinnett County. For the reasons discussed below, we affirm.
“On appeal from a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict[.]” Vadde v. State, 296 Ga. App. 405 (674 SE2d 323) (2009).
So viewed, the evidence shows that Erick worked for D&S Glass Incorporated as a
project manager who bid on glass-installation jobs on behalf of the company.
However, during the summer of 2007, while he continued to work for D&S Glass,
Erick decided that he wanted to start his own glass installation company. In June 2007, Erick negotiated a contract for glass windows to be installed
during the construction of a new home in Fulton County for a total price of $39,644,
which included a $20,000 deposit. According to the homeowner, Erick held himself
out as representing D&S Glass during the negotiations. In negotiating the contract,
Erick also had the homeowner come to the Cobb County business location of D&S
Glass to view different types of glass for possible installation and to meet with several
representatives of the company.
The homeowner ultimately agreed to Erick’s proposal with the understanding
that D&S Glass would be performing the glass installation work.
At the homeowner’s direction, the general contractor overseeing the construction of
the home finalized the documentation for the glass installation and paid the $20,000
deposit, and the homeowner reimbursed the contractor.
The general contractor had not been involved in the negotiations between the
homeowner and Erick over the glass installation, had not gone with the homeowner
to view different types of glass at the business location of D&S Glass, and was
unaware that Erick had held himself out to the homeowner as representing D&S
Glass. On June 29, 2007, Erick had the general contractor sign a work proposal for
the $39,644 glass installation that listed “Erick’s Glass, Co.” as the installer of the
2 windows rather than D&S Glass, and he had the general contractor name “Erick’s
Glass” as the payee on the $20,000 deposit check issued by the contractor.
Neither the signed work proposal nor the $20,000 deposit were provided by
Erick to D&S Glass. Instead, Erick later provided the owners of D&S Glass with a
work proposal for the glass installation that listed the total installation price as only
$17,200.
Over the course of the summer, D&S Glass workers using glass and other
materials ordered from that company began installation of the windows at the home
under the direction of Erick. Erick continued to receive a salary from D&S Glass
during this period.
Ultimately, however, very little progress was made in the installation of the
windows. By the end of the summer, the homeowner and general contractor had
become frustrated because only a small percentage of the windows had been installed,
and the windows that had been installed repeatedly failed the quality control tests
performed by the general contractor. In September 2007, the homeowner and general
contractor met with Erick to discuss the installation problems. The meeting was held
in the garage of the house under construction. During the meeting, Erick admitted that
he had taken the $20,000 deposit check and used it to start his own glass company,
3 “Erick’s Glass.” According to Erick, he had used the deposit to purchase a truck and
a trailer for his new business rather than to pay D&S Glass for labor and materials.
Because Erick had used the $20,000 for his starting his own company, only 20
percent of the glass installation work had been completed by that point, and there
were insufficient materials on-site for completion of the job.
After Erick made these disclosures, one of the owners of D&S Glass was
contacted, and he came to the garage, where he was informed of what Erick had done.
Erick never returned to D&S Glass after the meeting and would not answer phone
calls to him from the company’s owners. D&S Glass subsequently attempted to
correct the installation problems and finish the installation of the glass at the home,
but the homeowner ultimately had all of the windows that had been installed on the
sides and back of the house removed and hired another company to complete the
installation work. In the end, D&S received only $2,000 for the glass installation
work it performed at the house.
The owners of D&S Glass contacted the police in Cobb County to report
Erick’s misappropriation of the $20,000 because that was the county where the
company was located. However, Cobb County transferred the case to Gwinnett
County after learning that the $20,000 check had been deposited into an account
4 associated with Erik via an automatic teller machine (“ATM”) located in the latter
county. After he was indicted in Gwinnett County for theft by taking based on
misappropriating the $20,000 owed to D&S Glass, Erick elected to have his case tried
in a bench trial.
At the bench trial, the homeowner, the general contractor, the two owners of
D&S Glass, and the Cobb County police investigator testified to the events as set out
above. To establish venue, the State called a banking center manager from Bank of
America as a witness, through whom bank business records were introduced into
evidence. Business records for the bank reflected that the $20,000 check issued by the
general contractor to “Erick’s Glass” had been endorsed for deposit only and had
been deposited into a business account with Bank of America via a drive-up ATM
located in Gwinnett County on June 29, 2007, the same day that the check had been
provided to Erick. The business account was under the name of Erick’s wife d/b/a
“Erick’s Glass Consultants.” The address listed on the account for “Erick’s Glass
Consultants” was in Walton County and was the same address that had been listed for
“Erick’s Glass, Co.” on the work proposal that Erik had the general contractor sign.
The banking center manager was unable to identify from the business records the
specific person who had made the deposit into the business account. The recordings
5 from the surveillance camera at the ATM were no longer in existence for the date at
issue.
Erick elected not to testify and presented no witnesses on his behalf. After
hearing all of the evidence, the trial court denied Erick’s motion for a directed verdict
of acquittal and subsequently found him guilty of theft by taking. Erick moved for a
new trial, contending that there had been insufficient evidence to prove that venue
was proper in Gwinnett County. The trial court disagreed and denied the motion.
Erick later moved for permission to file an out-of-time appeal, the trial court granted
the motion, and this appeal followed.
On appeal, Erick contends that the State failed to prove that venue was proper
in Gwinnett County, and, therefore, that the trial court erred in denying his motion for
a directed verdict of acquittal. Erick asserts that the State failed to prove that he was
the person who deposited the $20,000 check into the ATM in Gwinnett County and
thus failed to establish that he ever exercised control over the money in that county.
We are unpersuaded.
“Venue is a jurisdictional fact[] and is an essential element in proving that one
is guilty of the crime charged. Like every other material allegation in the indictment,
venue must be proved by the prosecution beyond a reasonable doubt.” (Citations and
6 punctuation omitted.) Bell v. State, 284 Ga. 790, 792 (1) (671 SE2d 815) (2009).
Venue can be proven through direct or circumstantial evidence. Williams v. State, 297
Ga. App. 150, 151 (2) (676 SE2d 805) (2009). The question of venue is normally for
the trier of fact, and the fact finder’s decision will not be set aside if there is any
evidence to support it. Jones v. State, 245 Ga. 592, 596 (2) (266 SE2d 201) (1980).
Under Georgia law, “[a] person commits the offense of theft by taking when
he unlawfully takes or, being in lawful possession thereof, unlawfully appropriates
any property of another with the intention of depriving him of the property[.]” OCGA
§ 16-8-2. In a theft by taking case, “the crime shall be considered as having been
committed in any county in which the accused exercised control over the property
which was the subject of the theft.” OCGA § 16-8-11. Consequently, “the State bears
the burden of proving that the defendant exercised control over the property taken in
the county where the case was prosecuted.” Williams, 297 Ga. App. at 151 (2).
Notably, “[i]n a prosecution for theft by taking checks in one county and
depositing them into a bank account in another county, venue is proper in either
county.” Gautreaux v. State, 314 Ga. App. 103, 106 (1) (722 SE2d 915) (2012). See
Bearden v. State, 316 Ga. App. 721, 724 (2) (728 SE2d 874) (2012) (noting that “in
the prosecution of theft by taking, venue is proper in the county where the checks
7 were taken or deposited”). Additionally, venue is proper in the county where a
defendant’s agent exercised control over the property. See Queen v. State, 210 Ga.
App. 588, 589 (1) (436 SE2d 714) (1993), superceded in part by statute on other
grounds as stated in Callaham v. State, 317 Ga. App. 513, 519 (2) (b) (732 SE2d 88
(2012); See also DeVine v. State, 229 Ga. App. 346, 347 (1) (494 SE2d 87) (1997)
(noting that the “receipt of the funds by an agent of the defendant designated for that
purpose [is] sufficient to establish venue”).
Here, there was evidence that the $20,000 check at issue was deposited into a
Bank of America ATM in Gwinnett County on the same day that Erick had been
provided the check by the general contractor. And while the State did not present
direct evidence that Erick deposited the check, there was circumstantial evidence
from which the trial court was entitled to infer that the deposit had been made by
Erick or someone acting on his behalf. Specifically, the $20,000 check was deposited
into a business account for Erick’s wife d/b/a “Erick’s Glass Consultants,” and Erick
had identified his new glass installation company to the homeowner and general
contractor at the September 2007 meeting as “Erick’s Glass.” Moreover, Erick had
convinced the general contractor to sign a work proposal for the glass installation that
listed “Erick’s Glass, Co.” as the installer rather than D&S Glass, and he had
8 persuaded the general contractor to name “Erick’s Glass” as the payee on the $20,000
deposit check. Furthermore, Erick admitted to the homeowner and general contractor
at the September 2007 meeting that he had used the $20,000 to buy a truck and trailer
for his new glass installation company.
In light of this combined circumstantial evidence, the trial court was authorized
to find that Erick or someone acting on his behalf exercised control over the $20,000
check in Gwinnett County by depositing the check into an ATM there.1 Accordingly,
the trial court committed no error in finding that venue was proper in Gwinnett
County and in denying Erick’s motion for a directed verdict of acquittal on that
ground. See Bearden, 316 Ga. App. at 724 (2); Gautreaux, 314 Ga. App. at 106 (1);
DeVine, 229 Ga. App. at 347 (1); Queen, 210 Ga. App. at 589 (1).
Judgment affirmed. Miller and Ray, JJ., concur.
1 Erick contends that the State failed to present competent evidence that an ATM debit card had been issued to him for the business account or that he had signed a signature card for the account at or around the time of the $20,000 deposit. But irrespective of whether the State presented competent evidence regarding an ATM debit card or a signature card, there was other circumstantial evidence that sufficiently linked Erick to the bank account, as discussed above.