Philip Ryan, Jr. v. Mindbody, Inc.

• Court: Court of Chancery of Delaware
• Decided: October 1, 2019
• Docket: C.A. No. 2019-0061-KSJM
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE PHILIP RYAN, JR. and DONALD ) FRIEDMAN, on behalf of themselves ) and all other similarly situated ) stockholders of MINDBODY, Inc., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) C.A. No. 2019-0061-KSJM ) MINDBODY, INC., RICHARD L. ) STOLLMEYER, KATHERINE BLAIR ) CHRISTIE, COURT CUNNINGHAM, ) GAIL GOODMAN, CIPORA HERMAN, ) ERIC LIAW, ADAM MILLER, ) GRAHAM SMITH, VISTA EQUITY ) PARTNERS MANAGEMENT, LLC, ) TORREYS PARENT, LLC, TORREYS ) MERGER SUB, INC., and ) INSTITUTIONAL VENTURE ) PARTNERS XIII, L.P., ) MINDBODY, INC., et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) LUXOR CAPITAL PARTNERS, LP, ) LUXOR CAPITAL PARTNERS ) OFFSHORE MASTER FUND, LP, ) LUXOR WAVEFRONT, LP, and ) LUGARD ROAD CAPITAL MASTER ) FUND, LP, on behalf of themselves and ) all other similarly situated former ) stockholders of MINDBODY, INC., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) C.A. No. 2019-0442-KSJM ) RICHARD L. STOLLMEYER, BRETT ) WHITE, and ERIC LIAW, ) ) Defendants. ) ORDER CONSOLIDATING RELATED ACTIONS, SEVERING CLAIM, AND ESTABLISHING A LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE 1. Pending before this Court are three lawsuits challenging the acquisition

of MINDBODY, Inc. by Vista Equity Partners Management, LLC (“Vista”): Ryan

v. Mindbody, Inc., C.A. No. 2019-0061-KSJM (the “Ryan Action”); Luxor Capital

Partners, LP v. Stollmeyer, C.A. No. 2019-0442-KSJM (the “Luxor Action”); and

Luxor Capital Partners, LP v. Stollmeyer, C.A. No. 2019-0293-KSJM (the

“Appraisal Action”). These actions are related in that they arise from common

questions of law and fact. This decision refers to them as the “Related Actions.”

2. The Related Actions are consolidated for all purposes—except those

identified in ¶ 4 below—and are referred to as the “Consolidated Action.” Going

forward, all papers in the Consolidated Action shall be filed in C.A. No. 2019-0442-

KSJM. All papers and documents previously served and filed in any of the Related

Actions are deemed a part of the record in the Consolidated Action. The

Consolidated Action shall bear the caption below:

IN RE MINDBODY, INC., ) Consolidated STOCKHOLDERS LITIGATION ) C.A. No. 2019-0442-KSJM

3. Two groups of stockholder plaintiffs and counsel seek to be appointed

to leadership roles in the Consolidated Action.

2 a. Plaintiff in the Ryan Action, Philip Ryan, Jr., 1 proposes that his

claims brought pursuant to 8 Del C. § 225 (the “Section 225 Claims”), as well

as disclosure issues addressed in the trial briefs filed at C.A. No. 2019-0061-

KSJM, Docket Nos. 79, 87, and 91 (the “Ryan Disclosure Issues”), be severed

from the Consolidated Action and remain in the Ryan Action. Ryan also seeks

to be appointed lead plaintiff and to have his counsel, Prickett, Jones & Elliott,

P.A. and Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP, appointed as co-lead counsel

in the Consolidated Action. This Order refers to Ryan and his counsel as

“Team Ryan.”

b. Plaintiffs in the Luxor Action, Luxor Capital Partners, LP, Luxor

Capital Partners Offshore Master Fund, LP, Luxor Wavefront, LP, and Lugard

Road Capital Master Fund, LP (collectively, the “Luxor Plaintiffs”), do not

oppose severing the Section 225 Claims from the Consolidated Action, but

they argue that certain of the Ryan Disclosure Issues should be litigated as

part of the Consolidated Action. The Luxor Plaintiffs propose that they each

be appointed as lead plaintiffs and have their counsel, Friedlander & Gorris,

P.A., and Bernstein Litowitz Berger & Grossman LLP, appointed as co-lead

1 Donald Friedman was an additional named plaintiff in the Ryan Action but has withdrawn as a plaintiff because his son, coincidentally, works for Luxor. 3 counsel in the Consolidated Action. This Order refers to the Luxor Plaintiffs

and their counsel as “Team Luxor.”

4. As a threshold matter, Team Ryan’s request to sever the Section 225

Claims is granted and Team Ryan may continue to pursue those claims. The Section

225 Claims have been fully litigated and briefed, there is no reason to delay their

resolution, and it would be inefficient to switch teams for the purpose of prosecuting

those claims at this stage. The parties in the Ryan Action shall contact Chambers to

reschedule oral argument on the Section 225 Claims. Following oral argument, the

Court will determine whether the Ryan Disclosure Issues should be resolved as part

of the Section 225 Claims or as part of the Consolidated Action. The record on the

Section 225 Claims shall be considered part of the record in the Consolidated Action,

such that the class may benefit from the record created on the Section 225 Claims to

date.

5. Turning now to the leadership dispute, the Court applies the six “Hirt

factors”2 when designating a lead plaintiff and lead counsel in a representative

action. The Court has organized those factors into three categories: (a) factors

relating to the lead plaintiffs; (b) factors relating to counsel’s performance in the

2 Hirt v. U.S. Timberlands Serv. Co., 2002 WL 1558342 (Del. Ch. July 3, 2002). 4 litigation to date; and (c) factors relating to counsel’s track record and ability to

litigate going forward. 3

6. The first category of Hirt factors relating to the lead plaintiffs considers

the relative economic stakes of the competing litigants and the absence of any

conflict between larger stockholders and smaller stockholders. 4 When evaluating

this category of factors, relative ownership is “to be accorded great weight,”5 as a

relatively small ownership stake may reduce a stockholder’s incentive to monitor

counsel, leading to greater agency costs.6 Contrawise, a “sufficient stake” can

provide a plaintiff with an incentive “monitor counsel and play a meaningful role in

conducting the case.”7

a. Prior to the challenged transaction, Ryan held only 202 shares of

MINDBODY Class A common stock.

3 In re Del Monte Foods Co. S’holders Litig., 2010 WL 5550677, at *6–11 (Del. Ch. Dec. 31, 2010). 4 Hirt, 2002 WL 1558342, at *2; Del Monte Foods, 2010 WL 5550677, at *6. 5 Hirt, 2002 WL 1558342, at *2. 6 See Del Monte Foods, 2010 WL 5550677, at *8 (noting one plaintiff “does not have a sufficiently large stake to provide an incentive to monitor counsel and reduce agency costs”). 7 In re Revlon, Inc. S’holder Litig., 990 A.2d 940, 955 (Del. Ch. 2010) (stating that “the weight given to the size of a plaintiffs’ holding is not used to generate a formalistic ranking, but rather comes into play when a plaintiff owns a sufficient stake to provide an economic incentive to monitor counsel and play a meaningful role in conducting the case”). 5 b. In contrast, the Luxor Plaintiffs held 9,074,929 shares of

MINDBODY Class A common stock. The Luxor Plaintiffs demanded

appraisal with respect to 3,738,935 of these shares, but they accepted the

merger consideration for 5,335,994 of these shares to retain their standing to

pursue any potential fiduciary claims. The Luxor Plaintiffs’ interest qualifies

as a “sufficient stake to provide an economic incentive to monitor counsel and

play a meaningful role in conducting the case.”8

c. Ryan questions whether the Luxor Plaintiffs’ simultaneous

prosecution of the Appraisal Action might raise conflicts. Ryan argues that at

the settlement phase, the Luxor Plaintiffs will be incentivized to divert as

much as possible to the Appraisal Action without consideration for the

fiduciary claims since “an appraisal proceeding benefits only those

stockholders who perfect their appraisal rights, not the stockholders more

broadly.” 9

d. The common representation of class action plaintiffs and

appraisal petitioners does not present an automatically disqualifying conflict.

8 Revlon, 990 A.2d at 955. 9 In re Orchard Enters., Inc. S’holder Litig., 2014 WL 4181912, at *10 (Del. Ch. Aug. 22, 2014). 6 This Court has witnessed effective dual representation lead to financial and

informational advantages for members of the class. 10

e. In this case, the common pursuit of class claims and appraisal

claims does not present a disqualifying conflict. The Luxor Plaintiffs’ non-

appraisal stake of over five million shares is by no means nominal. This

potential upside for a hedge fund should more than adequately align its

incentives with the rest of the class. Further, the conflicts surrounding

settlement issues identified by Ryan are presently hypothetical only and can

be managed by counsel, and monitored by this Court, if they arise.

7. The second category of Hirt factors considers performance in the

litigation to date, analyzing the efforts of counsel and the quality of the pleading that

resulted from those efforts.11

a. Both teams have demonstrated enthusiasm and vigor in

prosecuting their separate cases to date, although they have chosen separate

and distinct litigation strategies for challenging the underlying transaction.

10 See, e.g., In re Emerging Commc’ns, Inc. S’holders Litig., 2004 WL 1305745, at *1 (Del. Ch. June 4, 2004) (finding that the fair value of stock was 271% greater than the deal price in case prosecuted by a plaintiff litigating as both class representative and appraisal petitioner); see also In re Orchard Enters., Inc. S’holder Litig., 2014 WL 4181912, at *11 (Del. Ch. Aug. 22, 2014) (noting stockholders in a class action may benefit “from the appraisal claimant’s investment in the proceeding and any resulting informational assets”). 11 Hirt, 2002 WL 1558342, at *2; Del Monte Foods, 2010 WL 5550677, at *6 (specifically describing “the quality of the pleading that appears best able to represent the interests of 7 b. Team Ryan moved swiftly to pursue Ryan’s claims, commencing

this litigation on January 29, 2019. Ryan’s original complaint asserted five

causes of action: Count I asserts claims under 8 Del C. §§ 111, 225, and 227

challenging the validity of the stockholder vote that approved the transaction;

Count II claims that the merger violated the equal treatment provision of the

MINDBODY certificate of incorporation; Count III claims that

MINDBODY’s CEO breached his fiduciary duties; Count IV claims that the

MINDBODY directors breached their fiduciary duties; and Count V claims

that Vista aided and abetted the fiduciary breaches. Ryan amended his

complaint on February 13, 2019 after MINDBODY issued corrective

disclosures. The amended complaint asserts the same causes of action

supplemented by additional factual allegations.

c. Team Ryan moved to expedite a trial on Count I, which the

parties and this Order refer to as the Section 225 Claims. The Section 225

Claims raise technical issues concerning the validity of the stockholder vote

on the challenged transaction. On February 27, 2019, the Court ordered that

a trial on the Section 225 Claims be scheduled for April 2019, and that

expedited discovery be conducted in the interim. In expedited discovery,

the shareholder class and . . . the enthusiasm or vigor with which the various contestants have prosecuted the lawsuit”). 8 Team Ryan obtained 31,000 pages of documents and took six depositions. On

April 23, 2019, the parties stipulated to present the case on a paper record.

The parties completed trial briefing on June 13, 2019, and argument was set

for July 23, 2019. At a hearing on July 16, 2019, the Court ordered

submissions on the instant motions and postponed the July 23, 2019 argument.

d. Team Luxor took a different path. On January 18, 2019, the

Luxor Plaintiffs demanded to inspect MINDBODY books and records

pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The

Luxor Plaintiffs then filed and settled its 220 action, obtaining key documents

in the process. For a portion of its shares, the Luxor Plaintiffs demanded

appraisal and commenced the Appraisal Action on April 17, 2019. Using

discovery that it obtained in the Appraisal Action, documents from the 220

action, as well as documents made available from expedited discovery in the

Ryan Action, the Luxor Plaintiffs commenced the Luxor Action on June 12,

2019.

e. Both teams have worked vigorously in pursuing their chosen

strategies and are committed to continue their efforts going forward. At this

stage, it would be imprudent for the Court to opine on the merits of either

strategy, except to acknowledge that both are facially meritorious.

9 8. The third category of Hirt factors considers counsel’s track record and

the contestants’ willingness and ability to litigate going forward. 12 All counsel vying

for leadership have a demonstrated history of success in this Court. There is no

doubt that each also has the resources to devote to prosecuting this case and is

motivated to do so.

9. Considering all of the Hirt factors, the Luxor Plaintiffs’ significant

relative ownership stake tips the balance in their favor. Recognizing this, and in

light of their efforts in the Ryan Action to date, Team Ryan argues in the alternative

that the Court should force the competing factions to work together as a combined

team. On this point, the Court is reminded of the words of the great Knute Rockne.

To paraphrase: you play not your eleven best, but your best eleven. Coach Rockne

meant to emphasize the importance of team dynamics to a team’s success, which

this Court has similarly recognized in the context of class leadership disputes.

Cognizant that forcing cooperation risks impairing team dynamics, this Court has

repeatedly declined to craft its own leadership structure in lieu of selecting a team

that the parties have formed themselves.13 I see no need to risk potential dysfunction

12 Hirt, 2002 WL 1558342, at *2; Del Monte Foods, 2010 WL 5550677, at *6 (specifically describing “the willingness and ability of all the contests to litigate vigorously on behalf of an entire class of shareholders . . . [and] the competence of counsel and their access to the resources necessary to prosecute the claims at issue”). 13 See, e.g., In re Expedia Gp., Inc. S’holders Litig., C.A. 2019-0494-JTL (Del. Ch. Sept. 20, 2019) (ORDER) (Laster, V.C.) (observing that “[a] successful team depends on a variety of factors, including group dynamics” and that “[i]t would be dangerous and 10 resulting from a forced leadership structure in this case and thus reject Team Ryan’s

alternative argument

10. The Luxor Plaintiffs are hereby appointed as Lead Plaintiffs of the

Consolidated Action. The law firms of Friedlander & Gorris, P.A. and Bernstein

potentially counterproductive for the court to disregard the teams that counsel have formed and impose its own”); In re Inv’rs Bancorp, Inc. S’holder Litig., 2016 WL 4257503, at *1 (Del. Ch. Aug. 12, 2016) (Slights, V.C.) (declining to force competing factions to work together because “it is not in the best interests of the Company or its stockholders to appoint all of the law firms competing for leadership as co-lead counsel”); Raul v. Office Depot, Inc., C.A. No. 10628-CB at 69:5–12 (Del. Ch. Mar. 31, 2015) (TRANSCRIPT) (Bouchard, C.) (commenting that “[c]ompromising by including everyone in the leadership structure just leads to bad leadership and bad compromises. Now, this may be a catch-22 . . . but it’s not a catch-22 I’m willing to endorse with inefficient leadership structures. At some point certain firms just need to be left out or step aside and focus their resources on a different case”); Mesirov v. Pepco Hldgs., Inc., C.A. No. 9600–VCG at 22:5–16 (Del. Ch. June 11, 2014) (TRANSCRIPT) (Glasscock, V.C.) (expressing regret that the plaintiffs could not resolve their own disputed leadership but recognizing “it is important that [the Court] . . . not try to impose some other structure other than those two groups have decided for themselves”); In re LSI Corp. S’holders Litig., C.A. No. 9175–VCN at 34:7–35:1 (Del. Ch. Jan. 23, 2014) (TRANSCRIPT) (Noble, V.C.) (declining to require cooperation between two lead plaintiffs and their counsel while noting that “the more members on a committee, the more awkward, at best, and the more dysfunctional, at worst, it may become”); Weinstein v. Illumina, Inc., C.A. No. 7242-VCP at 55:5–56:8 (Del. Ch. Apr. 16, 2012) (TRANSCRIPT) (Parsons, V.C.) (declining to require a majority faction of plaintiffs to include and cooperate with dissenting plaintiff faction); Se. Pa. Transp. Auth. v. Rubin, 2011 WL 1709105, at *2 (Del. Ch. Apr. 29, 2011) (Noble, V.C.) (“[F]or the Court to appoint everyone (or most everyone) to a lead role would run the risk of imposing the inefficiencies and lack of focus that frequently plague committees. Ultimately, the objective must be to find the case management structure that optimizes the interest and potential of the shareholder class.”). But see Jacksonville Police and Fire Pension Fund v. Moffett, 2013 WL 297958, at *4 (Del. Ch. Jan. 25, 2013) (Noble, V.C.) (appointing three firms as co-lead counsel despite questioning internal politics and negotiations that preceded apparent compromise); In re Delphi Fin. Gp. S’holder Litig., 2012 WL 424886, at *3 (Del. Ch. Feb. 7, 2012) (Glasscock, V.C.) (appointing co-lead counsel after contenders had reached a compromise and submitted that “the remaining differences were minor and could be worked out among counsel going forward”). 11 Litowitz Berger & Grossmann LLP are appointed as Co-Lead Counsel. The

following law firms are designated as additional counsel: Prickett, Jones & Elliott,

P.A.; Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP; and Schall Law Firm.

11. Co-Lead Counsel shall set policy for the prosecution of this litigation,

delegate and monitor the work performed to ensure that there is no duplication of

effort or unnecessary expense, and initiate and coordinate the activities of counsel.

12. Co-Lead Counsel shall have the power and responsibility to:

a. Coordinate and direct the preparation of pleadings;

b. Coordinate and direct the briefing and argument of motions;

c. Coordinate and direct the conduct of discovery and other pretrial

proceedings;

d. Coordinate and direct class certification proceedings;

e. Conduct any and all settlement negotiations with counsel for the

Defendants;

f. Coordinate and direct the preparation for trial and trial of this

matter, and delegate work responsibilities to selected counsel as may be

required; and

g. Coordinate and direct any other matters concerning the

prosecution or resolution of the consolidated action.