ZIS-IS
No. 06-14-00109-CR
ORIGINAL
PD-OR13-15
In The Court of criminal Appeals of Texas Austin* Texas
RECBVPD|[\!
C0U^O?nRiv;;iAL APPEALS
MARLO DONTA PERSONS,
OCT 02 2015
APPELLANT
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
APPELLEE
On appeal from the 354th Judicial District Court of Hunt County, Texas Cause No. 2937,1 Honorable Richard A. Beacom, Judge Presiding
APPELLANT'S
PETITION FOR DTSCRETITIONARY REVIEW
FILED IN COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
CCT 0<>23i5
Abel Acosta, Clerk Mario Persons 11939454 Eastham Ohit
2665 Prison *d »1
Lovelady, Texas 75851
Pro Se
TABLE OF COWTENTS
Table of Contents «2 Page Tdenty of Parties and counsel *3 Index of Authorities *4 Statement Regarding Oral Argument *5 Statement of the case «5
Statement of Procedural History n5 Grounds for Review "6-7-3-Q
Question for Review «6-7-R-9 Appendix
The Court of Appeals decision is in conflict with this courts decision in Madden V. State, 242 s.W. 3d 504 (Tex. Crim App 2007> Mills V. State, 296 S-W. 3d 843 (Texas App. Austin 2009.
Ground Two
The court of Appeals decision is in conflict with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procectare 66.3 because it Resolves an issue not briefed by either party.
IDENTITIES OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
Appellant: Mario Donta Persons
Defense Counsel at Trial: Mr. Daniel J. O'Brien 131 North Ludlow st.
Talbott Tower, Suite 1210 Dayton, OH 45402
Mr. scott A. Cornuaud
2611 Lee St.
Greenville, Tx 75401
Appellant's Attorney on Appeal: Mr. Elisha M. Ho11 is 2608 Stonewall St.
P.O. Box 1535
Greenville, Tx 75403
Appellee's Attorney on Appeal: Keli M. Aiken First Assistant District
Attorney
P.O. Box 441
4th Floor Hunt County
Courthouse
Greenville, Tx 75403
Trial Judge Hon.. Richard A. Beacom 354th Judicial District Court 2507 Lee St. 3rd Floor
Greenville, Tx 75401
3.
INDEX OF aTTTHORITTES
state case's
Atkinson V. State, 923 S.W. 2d 27. (Tex. Crim. App. 19961
Madden V. State, 242 S.W., 3d.>504 (Tex. Crim. App. 20071 r(X<\^ L?-1 Mendoza V. State, 88 S.W. 3d 236 (Tex. Crim. App. 20021 P(\«ye."^ Mills V. State, 296 S.W. 3d 843 (Tex. App. Austin 20091 rdX c^^Cp
STATE STATUTES:
V(k<K^ b-1-8
Tex. Code crim.pro-ann.art. 38.23 (al °
Tex.Trans.Code Ann.Art.545.062 J>
4.
STATEMENT REQUESTING ORAL ARGUMENTS
Mr. Persons Respectfully request oral argument's. He presents an important issue which this court may have never dealt with in the past. Oral arguments will benefit the court by careful explanation of the contours and history of Mr. Persons claim and to the facts of Mr. Persons Direct Appeal. The Court's decision may pos sibly set a precedent which may affect every future state Court of Appeals review in a situation of this nature.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
This is an appeal from the judgement and sentence in a criminal case in the 354th District Court in Hunt County, Texas. The Appellant was indicted on October 25, 2013 For Possession of cocaine in an amount of 400 grams or more, further, the grand jury found that Appellant had used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense. After entering a plea of Not Guilty, Appellant el ected to be tried and sentenced by a jury. On June 5, 2014 the jury found Appel lant guilty and assessed punishment at fifty-five (551 years in the Texas Depart ment of Criminal Justice—Institutional Division Appellant filed a notice of appeal on June 18, 2014.
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The sixth District Court of §peals rendered its decision affirming the con viction and delivered its written opinion on June 2, 2015 a motion for rehearing was filed on June 17, 2015 and was OVER RULED on June 30, 2015.
5.
GROUNDS FOR REVIEW
GROUND ONE
Where the distance between the vehicle petitioner was traveling in and the vehicle his vehicle was behind was a measurable distance in dispute which the trier of fact could resolve by viewing the police dash cam video, and where trial counsel requested that the jury charge
include an instruction pursuant to Penal Code 38.23(A), did the trial court and the Court of Appeals invade the jury's province by resolving the dispute in justifying the denial of the instruction?
REASON FOR GRANTING REVIEW
The Court of Appeals]) decision is in conflict with this Court's decisions in Madden v. State, 292 S.W. 3d 504 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007) and Mills v. State, 296 S.W. 3d 843 (Tex.App^Austin 2009).
ARGUMENT AND AUTHORITIES
The Trooper testified that one of the reasons he performed a tra ffic stop of the vehicle petitioner was traveling in was because he observed petitioner's vehicle to close behind another vehicle. (RR Vol. 7, 45:8-10). The Trooper claimed the distance was less than 150 feet and in violation of the Transportation Code. (RR Vol. 7,: 46: 19-47:11). Petitioner's trial counsel raised the issue of a dis pute relevant to the actual distance of the car petitioner was in and the car in front of him. Trial counsel said that an instruction under Penal Code 38.^3 should be included in the jury charge because the measurable distance being disputed could be resolved with the jury's viewing of the Trooper's dash cam video of the cars. The trial court
6.
ruled that the video was not sufficient to resolve the proposed-dispute and denied the instruction (RRVol. 9, 41:19-241. On appeal, the court of appeals .. held that both the trial court and the court of appeals had their selves viewed the video and decided that the distance testified to by the trooper, was supported by the dash cam.video. It is petitioner's contention that neither the trial court nor the court of appeals were authorized under 38.23 to re solve the dispute of the measurable distance and that it was the sole Pro vince of the trier of Fact, the Jury to resolve the dispute.
According to the following Distance statue sec. (545.062) it does not use or state a measurable distance at all, it makes no reference to the 150
feet The trooper testified to during trial on direct and cross-exam RR Vol 7/34-186—RR Vol 8/58-81. The trooper also testified that threw his training,
his opinion is that we were following to close. RR7/121 And when such a stop is not based on objective criteria, the risk of arbitrary and abusive, police practies exceeds torelable limits. Allowing a police officer's opinion to suffice in specific facts' stead eviscerates Terry's reasonable suspicion protection. Mere opinions are ineffective sub stitutes for specific, articulable fact's in a reasonable-suspicion analysis Futhermore, the officer's "following too close" conclusion did not constitute specific articulable facts to support a stop. And cross-examination did reveal that the officer's definition of "following too close" was not in fact a description of conduct proscribed by the statue in question! There fore the Jury was left with a testimony from the officer that in fact was false, mis leading and Perjured. The code of Criminal Procedure Article 38.23 state
in pertinet part that : "In any case where the legal evidence raises an issue hereunder, the Jury shall be instructed that if it believes, or has a reason
able doubt, that the evidence was obtained in violation of the Provisions of this Article, Then and in such event, the Jury shall disregard any such 7.
evidense so obtained" Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. Art. 38.23 (al The terms
of Art. 38.23 (al are, mandatory in nature and grant a statutory right to the defendant. Mendoza V. State, 88 S.W. 3d 236, 239 (Tex.Crim. App. 20021 But for this right to attach to a defendants case, there must be a factual
dispute regarding the legality of the seizure or other act causing evidence to be obtained illega;;y. See Madden, 242 S.W. 3d at 513-14 a cross-examiner's
question do not create a conflict in the evidence, although the witness's answers to those question mighf'l See also Mill v. State, 296, S.W. 3d 843
(Tex. App. Austin 200^1 when such event exists, the .fudge must include in his final charge a 38.23 (al instruction
The trial court's improper refusal to grant the Appellant's request for an Art. 38.23 (al Instruction is Reversible error.
Sec. 545.062 following Distance
(al An operator shall, if following another vehicle, maintain an assured clear distance between the two vehicles so that, considering the speed of the vehicles, traffic, and the conditions of the highway, the operator can safely stop without colliding with the preceding vehicle or veering into another vehicle, object, or person on or near the highway. (bl An operator of a truck or of a motor vehicle drawing another vehicle who is on a roadway outside a business or residential district and who is
following another truck or motor vehicle drawing another vehicle shall, if conditions permit, leave sufficient space between the vehicle so that a vehicle
passing the operator can safely enter and occupy the space. This subsection does not Prohibit a truck or motor vehicle drawing another vehicle from pass ing another vehicle.
(d An operator on a roadway outside a business or residential district driving in a caravan of other vehicles or motorcade shall allow sufficient space between the operator and the vehicle preceding the operator so that another vehicle can safely enter and occupy the space. This subsection does not apply
to a funeral procession.
GROUNDS FOR REVIEW
GROUND TWO
Did the Court of Appeals err when it decided an issue that was nei ther argued by defense counsel or the State in the Appeal briefs?
REASON FOR GRANTING REVIEW
The Court of Appeals* decision is in conflict with the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure because it resolves an issue not briefed by either party.
ARGUMENTS AND AUTHORITIES
The issue raised on appeal by appellate counsel was that the trial court ruled that the police dash cam video of the traffic stop was not sufficient to raise a dispute concerning measurable distances between Petitioner's vehicle and the vehicle he was accused of tail ing to closely. The Court of Appeals veered from that claim essenti ally deciding a different issue of whether the video showed whether Petitioner's vehicle was too closely tailing the vehicle ahead of his. This review decided an issue that was never raised or brierjed by either party and denied Petitioner a fair review of his appellate claims that were raised by his attorney and opposed by the State. Due to the Court of Appeals not responding to the specific allega tions, as raised in his appellant's brief, the Court made an erron eous legal conclusion relevant to the correct claims made by the Petitioner's appellate counsel and opposed by the State.
9.
Prayer For Relief
Where fore, Premises considered, Mario Donta Persons, respectfully asks the Court to grant this petition and in regard to Ground number one, The proper remedy is to remand for a new trial. There fore, the appellant respectfully asks the Court to remand Ground number two The Proper Remedy is the same as number one remand for a new trial which the appelate respectfully pray for.
The appelant also asks that this Honorable Texas Court of criminals Appeals make a findings of Fact and Conclusion of Law concerning both Grounds »1 and Ground *2.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned hereby certifies that on this && day ofTdp2015 The following have been completed: (11 the original copy of the above and fore going petition and supporting brief have been mailed by U.S. mail to the clerk of the court of Criminal Appeals in Austin, Texas for filing and handling in that court pursuant to Tex.R. App.P 9.2 of the Texas rules of Appellate procedure. (2) alegible copy of said petition has been mailed by U.S. mail To KELI M. AIKEN Fist Assistant District Attorney P.O. Box 441 4th Floor Hunt County Courthouse Greenville, Texas 75403.
MARLQTy>CT«sQg
Mario Donta Persons
APPENDIX
Opinion of the Court of Appeals, June 2, 2015
Judgement of Court of Appeals* June 2* 2315
Motion For Rehearing was over ruled June 30, 2015
hlLHUUPY
Chief Justice Court ofAppeals Clerk Josh R. Morriss, III Sixth Appellate District Debra K. Autrey
Justices
State of Texas Bi-State Justice Building Bailey C. Moseley 100 North State Line Avenue #20 Texarkana,Texas 75501
Ralph K. Burgess (903)798-3046
June 2,2015
Keli M. Aiken Elisha Hollis Assistant District Attorney The Law Office of Elisha Hollis PO Box 441 2608 Stonewall Street 4th Floor, Hunt County Courthouse Greenville, TX 75401 Greenville, TX 75401 * DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL * * DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL *
Noble D. Walker Jr. Hunt County District Attorney Hunt County Courthouse PO Box441 Greenville, TX 75403-0441 * DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL *
RE: Appellate Case Number: 06-14-00109-CR Trial Court Case Number: 29371
Style: Mario Donta Persons v.
The State of Texas
The Judgment of the Trial Court in the referenced proceeding on appeal from Hunt County was this date AFFIRMED, in conformity with the written Opinion of this Court of even date.
A true copy of this Court's Opinion and Judgment is enclosed.
Respectfully submitted,
Debra K. Autrey, Clerk
By.
Deputy
cc: Hon. Richard A. Beacom Jr. (DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL)
Ms. Stacey Landrum (DELIVEREDVIA E-MAIL)
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas
JUDGMENT
Mario Donta Persons, Appellant Appeal from the 354th District Court of Hunt County, Texas (Tr. Ct. No. 29371).
NO.06-14-00109-CR v. Memorandum Opinion delivered by Justice Moseley, Chief Justice Morriss and Justice The State of Texas, Appellee Burgess participating.
As stated in the Court's opinion of this date, we find no error in the judgment of the court below. We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
We note that the appellant, Mario DontaPersons, has adequately indicated his inability to pay costs of appeal. Therefore, we waive paymentof costs.
RENDERED JUNE 2, 2015
BY ORDER OF THE COURT
JOSH R. MORRISS, III
CHIEF JUSTICE
ATTEST: Debra K. Autrey, Clerk
HLtHJUHY
Chief Justice Court ofAppeals Clerk Josh R. Morriss, III Sixth Appellate District Debra K. Autrey
Justices State of Texas Bi-State Justice Building Bailey C. Moseley 100 North State Line Avenue #20 Texarkana,Texas 75501
Ralph K. Burgess (903) 798-3046
June 30,2015
Tara Long Long Law Firm, PLLC 2656 S Loop W., Suite 255 Houston, TX 77054-5632 * DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL *
RE: Appellate Case Number: 06-14-00109-CR Trial Court Case Number: 29371
Style: Mario Donta Persons v.
The State of Texas
The Court entered its order this date in the referenced proceeding whereby Appellant's Motion for Rehearing was OVERRULED.
PLEASE TAKE DUE NOTICE HEREOF.
Respectfully submitted,
Debra K. Autrey, Clerk
By
Deputy
cc: Keli M. Aiken (DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL)
Noble D. Walker Jr. (DELIVERED VIA E-MAIL)
In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-14-00109-CR
MARLO DONTA PERSONS, Appellant V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 354th District Court Hunt County, Texas
Trial Court No. 29371
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Mario Donta Persons was convicted by a Hunt County jury of possession of a controlled substance, cocaine, in an amount of 400 grams or more while using or exhibiting a deadly weapon and was sentenced to fifty-five years in prison. On appeal, Persons claims that the trial court erred in refusing his request to instruct the jury under Article 38.23(a)1 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. We find no error by the trial court and affirm its judgment. I. Background Persons was a passenger in an automobile driven by Brian Woodard2 that was stopped by Texas Department of Public Safety Trooper Zane Rhone on Interstate Highway 303 (1-30) near Greenville, Texas. Rhone's testimony involved occurrences in the mid-afternoon of May 11,2013. At that time, Rhone was seated in his stopped patrol car on the eastbound side of 1-30 when he was passed by two "showroom clean" automobiles bearing out-of-state license plates.4 Rhone followed
'Article 38.23(a) provides,
No evidence obtained by an officer or other person in violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or of the Constitution or laws of the United States of America, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal case.
In any case where the legal evidence raises an issue hereunder,the jury shall be instructed that if it believes, or has a reasonable doubt, that the evidence was obtained in violation of the provisions of this Article, then and in such event, the jury shall disregard any such evidence so obtained.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.23(a) (West 2005). 2This automobile will be referred to as "the Persons Vehicle." 3Rhone identified Interstate Highway 30 as "a major drug corridor."
"Rhone explained that people involved in drug trafficking will habitually wash their automobiles in an attempt to prevent alerts by drug-sniffing dogs.
the automobiles in order to check the numbers on their license plates to determine if such a search would reveal something amiss with the automobiles. As Rhone approached the automobiles, the Persons Vehicle moved from the left lane to the right lane, behind the other vehicle of interest. Rhone noticed that the Persons Vehicle was following the lead vehicle at an unsafe distance, and Rhone slowed down to pull behind the Persons Vehicle. Rhone testified that after he had pulled over into the lane behind the Persons Vehicle, he observed that the license plate on the Persons Vehicle was also partially obstructed by a bracket or license plate frame. Since following another automobile at an unsafe distance5 and driving with an obscured license plate6 are both violations of the Texas Transportation Code, Rhone initiated a traffic stop of the Persons Vehicle. After an initial interview with the driver, Rhone obtained the driver's consentto searchthe vehicle.7 During his search, Rhone found a loaded gun in the glove box and a kilo-sized brick of what was later determined to be cocaine in the engine compartment. The State also introduced a redacted video recording of the events leading up to and including the traffic stop taken from Rhone's dash- mounted camera, which was published to the jury.
During cross-examination, Rhone testified that the driver of the Persons Vehicle violated the Texas Transportation Code by operating an automobile with an obscured license plate (one in which the name of the issuing State is more than fifty percent obscured). He said that most of the name of the issuing state (Ohio) on the license plate was covered by the bracket. Mack Woodard,
5See Tex. Transp. Code Ann. § 545.062(a) (West 2011). 6See TEX. Transp. Code Ann. § 504.945(a)(7)(B) (West Supp. 2014). 'Persons does not challenge the consensual nature of the search.
the owner of the Persons Vehicle, testified that the automobile dealership that sold him the vehicle had placed the bracket on the license plate and that even with the license plate bracket in place, he was able to see more than fifty percent of the state name Ohio on the license plate. Through Woodard, Persons also introduced photographs of the license plate and bracket on the Persons Vehicle taken from different angles, some of which tended to show that more than fifty percent of the state name Ohio might be visible from those angles. When Persons recalled Rhone, he again questioned him extensively about his ability to see the state name on the license plate. Rhone repeated his assertion that when he pulled his patrol car behind the Persons Vehicle, he could not read Ohio on the license plate. Rhone also testified that the recording shows that the Persons Vehicle was following the car in front of it too closely and that the jury would be able to see that on the video recording. Persons did not call any witness to dispute Rhone's testimony that the Persons Vehicle was following the lead vehicle at an unsafe distance.
At the charge conference, although Persons requested the inclusion of an Article 38.23(a)
instruction permitting the jury to disregard evidence if it believed that the evidence had been wrongfully obtained, the trial court rejected that instruction II. Persons Was Not Entitled to an Article 38.23(a) Instruction Persons' sole point of error on appeal is his contention that the trial court erred in failing to give an Article 38.23(a) instruction. Both the United States and Texas Constitutions are
implicated by a routine traffic stop, and under both, the stop must be reasonable. Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984); Earl v. State, 362 S.W.3d 801, 802 n.2 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2012, pet. refd); see U.S. CONST, amend. IV; TEX. CONST, art. I, §9. To conduct a constitutionally valid traffic stop, an officer must have a reasonable suspicion based on '"specific^] articulable facts that, when combined with rational inferences from those facts, would lead [the officer] to reasonably suspect that [the person stopped] has engaged or is (or soon will be) engaging in criminal activity.'" Hamal v. State, 390 S.W.3d 302, 306 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012) (quoting York v. State, 342 S.W.3d 528, 536 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011)); Zervos v. State, 15 S.W.3d 146, 151 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, pet. ref d). Since the reasonable suspicion standard is an objective standard, the subjective intent of the officer making the stop is irrelevant. Hamal, 390 S.W.3d at 306; York v. State, 342 S.W.3d 528, 536 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). "If an officer has a reasonable basis for suspecting that a person has committed a traffic offense, the officer may legally initiate a traffic stop." Zervos, 15 S.W.3d at 151 (emphasis in original); Graves v. State, 307 S.W.3d 483, 489 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2010, pet. ref d).
If a fact issue has been raised about whether the traffic stop violated the Constitution or laws of either the United States or Texas, the trial court should submit a jury instruction to disregard evidence the jury finds was obtained in violation the Constitution or laws of the United States or Texas. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 38.23(a); Hamal, 390 S.W.3d at 306. However, an Article 38.23(a) instruction is "mandatory only when there is a factual dispute regarding the legality of the search." Williams v. State, 356 S.W.3d 508, 525 (Tex. App.— Texarkana 2011, pet. ref d) (citing Pickens v. State, 165 S.W.3d 675,680 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005)). To be entitled to an instruction under Article 38.23(a), the following factors must be shown to exist:
6
(1) The evidence heard by the jury must raise an issue of fact;
(2) The evidence on that fact must be affirmatively contested; and
(3) That contested factual issue must be material to the lawfulness of the challenged conduct in obtaining the evidence.
Madden v. State, 242 S.W.3d 504, 510 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); Williams, 356 S.W.3d at 526. However, if there are facts not in dispute that are sufficient to support the legality ofthe challenged conduct, "the disputed fact issue is not submitted to the jury because it is not material to the ultimate admissibility of the evidence." Madden, 242 S.W.3d at 510. Thus, when an officer articulates more than one reason for a traffic stop, the defendant must show that there is a disputed factual issue as to each reason to be entitled to an Article 38.23(a) instruction. See, e.g., Gerron v. State, 119 S.W.3d 371, 376-77 (Tex. App.—Waco 2003, no pet.) (when officer testified he saw defendant commit at least three traffic violations but defendant only disputed one, defendant not entitled to Article 38.23(a) jury instruction); Reynosa v. State, 996 S.W.2d 238, 240 (Tex. App.— Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (same).
Persons argues that there is a factual dispute as to both the obstructed license plate and following at an unsafe distance. Regarding the issue of following at an unsafe distance, Persons argues that when he played the video recording during his cross-examination of Rhone, this fact alone was a sufficient challenge to that fact so as to raise a fact issue. In other words, Persons maintains that because the jury was able to see the recording, which showed the position of the two automobiles, the jury was able to determine whether Rhone's testimony was correct. This, Persons posits, provided the basis for the requested jury instruction. In Madden, the appellant also contended that the video recording from the officer's dash-mounted camera (a recording that
Madden claimed contradicted the officer's testimony that Madden was acting in a nervous manner) was "affirmative evidence" that raised a fact issue. Madden, 242 S.W.3d at 515-16. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals pointed out that "[o]nly if the video clearly showed that appellant affirmatively did not do something that [the officer] said that he did do, and the video clearly would have shown that conduct if it had occurred, would there be some affirmative evidence of a disputed historical fact." Id. at 516. At the trial below, Rhone testified that the two vehicles were travelling at a speed of seventy miles per hour and that a safe following distance at that speed would be at least 150 feet. He also testified that the Persons Vehicle was following the lead vehicle at a distance of thirty to forty feet. The trial court found that the video recording confirmed Rhone's trial testimony that he stopped the Persons Vehicle for following the vehicle in front of it too closely.
We have viewed the video recording and have listened to its audio. It shows the Persons vehicle following at a distance significantly less than 150 feet; the recording reflects that Rhone stated, as he activated his emergency lights, his intention to perform a traffic stop for following too closely and due to an obstructed license plate. We agree with the trial court that the video recording supports Rhone's trial testimony and that it raises no contested fact issue.
Since Rhone's stop of the Persons Vehicle for following at an unsafe distance is not in dispute and since this would supportthe legality of the traffic stop, Persons was not entitledto an Article 38.23(a) instruction. Wefindthat the trial courtdid not err, and we overrule Persons' point of error.
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: May 27, 2015 Date Decided: June 2, 2015
Do Not Publish
CERTIFIED MAIL
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