Gaynor, C. J.
1. Homestead : acquisition and establishment: equitable owner: preexisting liabilities. By agreement of parties, these two actions are argued and submitted together. Each action is brought to subject certain real estate to the satisfaction of certain judgments. The contention of the defendant is that the property sought to be subjected to these judgments is and was his homestead, and therefore exempt under the statute. The contention of the plaintiff is that the defendant did not acquire title to the property, and that the homestead character, if any, did not attach, until after the debts had accrued upon which the judgments were rendered.
The facts in the case are substantially as follows: The plaintiffs each secured judgments against the defendant George W. Adams on the 7th day of February, 1913; the German Bank, on May 2, 1913. The judgment in the Perry case was founded on a note executed by George W. Adams, dated November 31, 1909. The judgment in the German Bank case was on three promissory notes executed by George Adams, dated December 7, 1909. There is no question raised in the case over the judgments or the date of the notes upon which the judgments are founded, nor as to the time when the indebtedness accrued on which the judgments were founded. Section 2976 of the Code of 1897 provides :
“The homestead may be sold on execution for debts contracted prior to its acquisition.”
The contention of the plaintiffs is that the defendant George W. Adams acquired his title and ownership to the property in question by devise under the will of one Alexander Adams, about the month of October, 1911, and that the homestead character of said property claimed by defendant did not attach thereto until the month of September, 1911. The contention of the defendant Adams is that the homestead character attached to, and he became invested [1217]*1217with a right of homestead in, said property long before the debts were contracted on which the judgments were entered. He claims his exemption under the provisions of Section 2972 of the Code of 1897, which reads:
“The homestead of every family, whether owned-by the husband or wife, is exempt from judicial sale, where there is no special declaration of statute to the contrary.”
The question presented here for our consideration is: Did the homestead rights of Adams in the property in controversy attach a,fter the debts were contracted upon which these judgments were entered?
2. Homestead : liabilities enforceable against: preexisting liability : burden of proof. That the property in controversy was the homestead of George W. Adams at the time these actions were commenced, is not disputed. The burden, therefore, rests upon the plaintiffs to show that the homestead was acquired, and the homestead rights attached, after the debts were contracted upon which the judgments were entered. The evidence is brief, and from it we gather these ultimate facts:
George W. Adams, the defendant, was raised in the home of one Alexander Adams and wife, but was not their child, nor was he ever adopted by them. Alexander Adams moved from Illinois to Iowa when the defendant was a small boy. He settled on a farm of 280 acres, about 4 miles from the town of Walnut, and was there engaged in farming and stockraising until 1887, when he left the farm and moved to the property in controversy.' He lived in this property with his wife until 1900, at which time she died. After the death of his wife, he continued to make the property his home until his death, in 1911. Up to the time Alexander and his wife moved to this home, defendant was unmarried, and resided with them on the farm place, and, we táke it, was treated, in all respects as a son. It appears, however, that, at the time the old folks moved from the farm [1218]*1218to this property, the defendant Avas contemplating marriage. Defendant remained on the farm after his marriage until 1896. One W. S. Packard was engaged, among other things, in the real estate business in the town of Walnut'. His testimony discloses that he had the property in controversy, known as the Green property, listed for sale; that he talked Avith Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Adams about buying it in the year 1887; that he took them and showed them the property; that Alexander said to him that he didn’t know about buying it; that George (meaning this defendant) Avas wanting to get a place; that one day, about this time, the defendant drove into toAvn, and this agent told him, “How is the time for you if you Avant to get the Green property, to take it in. You can get it for $1,000;’’ that defendant then said he would take it, and paid $100 earnest money to bind the bargain; that he aftenvards saw Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Adams and told them that George (meaning the defendant) had bought the property. Alexander s^id he was glad of it, it Avould make a good home for him; that later the deal was closed, and the title taken in the name of Alexander Adams. This ended -the connection of this agent with the transaction. His further testimony discloses that he had sexreral talks with the elder Adams with reference to the purchase of property in town; that they Avere' talking about purchasing property in town.
George Adams’ testimony discloses that he lived at the place in controversy and on this farm with the elder Adams ever since 1872; that he Avent to this home in Walnut in 1896, and stayed there continuously since then. He says:
“I fii’st learned of this property ixx 1887, at the time the purchase Avas xxiade. I was then contemplating marriage. The old folks were talking of leaving the farm, and had several properties in view. One night in August, 1887, Mr. Packard stopped me on the street and said to xne, ‘Do you want the Green property?’ I told him I didn’t know [1219]*1219whether the folks wanted it or not. Packard told me that, he had a party who had offered $950 for it. I said to him, 1 ‘Then I will take it,’ and paid him $100 and got a receipt. 1 The money paid was my own money. Further payments were made on the property.” j
Upon this point, he testifies:
“I was married in 1887. Alexander Adams’ notes were given to Mr. Green for the balance of the purchase price of , this property. The title to the property was taken in the name of Alexander Adams. It was taken on an understand- ’ ing between me and him that Green was to take notes given in the name of father (Alexander Adams). Mine wouldn’t go at that time. No one ever repaid me the consideration furnished by me for the payment ’on this homestead. From 1896, the time I moved from the farm, I have lived in this property continuously. * * * The old folks left the farm in 1887 and went to this home in Walnut. I remained on the farm. At the time the property was bought, the old folks were still on the farm. I was married before the deed was made. When the old folks left the farm, the stock and implements were left on the place under what you might call a family partnership arrangement. We kept everything, then divided the proceeds sometimes, and sometimes we used what might be his, and sometimes we used what might be mine. I used my own judgment in running the farm. This arrangement continued until 1896. The arrangement for running the farm was made in the fall of 1887. Father’s stock and farm implements remained on the farm during the time I occupied it. In 1896, Alexander Adams had a sale on the farm and I moved to town.
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Gaynor, C. J.
1. Homestead : acquisition and establishment: equitable owner: preexisting liabilities. By agreement of parties, these two actions are argued and submitted together. Each action is brought to subject certain real estate to the satisfaction of certain judgments. The contention of the defendant is that the property sought to be subjected to these judgments is and was his homestead, and therefore exempt under the statute. The contention of the plaintiff is that the defendant did not acquire title to the property, and that the homestead character, if any, did not attach, until after the debts had accrued upon which the judgments were rendered.
The facts in the case are substantially as follows: The plaintiffs each secured judgments against the defendant George W. Adams on the 7th day of February, 1913; the German Bank, on May 2, 1913. The judgment in the Perry case was founded on a note executed by George W. Adams, dated November 31, 1909. The judgment in the German Bank case was on three promissory notes executed by George Adams, dated December 7, 1909. There is no question raised in the case over the judgments or the date of the notes upon which the judgments are founded, nor as to the time when the indebtedness accrued on which the judgments were founded. Section 2976 of the Code of 1897 provides :
“The homestead may be sold on execution for debts contracted prior to its acquisition.”
The contention of the plaintiffs is that the defendant George W. Adams acquired his title and ownership to the property in question by devise under the will of one Alexander Adams, about the month of October, 1911, and that the homestead character of said property claimed by defendant did not attach thereto until the month of September, 1911. The contention of the defendant Adams is that the homestead character attached to, and he became invested [1217]*1217with a right of homestead in, said property long before the debts were contracted on which the judgments were entered. He claims his exemption under the provisions of Section 2972 of the Code of 1897, which reads:
“The homestead of every family, whether owned-by the husband or wife, is exempt from judicial sale, where there is no special declaration of statute to the contrary.”
The question presented here for our consideration is: Did the homestead rights of Adams in the property in controversy attach a,fter the debts were contracted upon which these judgments were entered?
2. Homestead : liabilities enforceable against: preexisting liability : burden of proof. That the property in controversy was the homestead of George W. Adams at the time these actions were commenced, is not disputed. The burden, therefore, rests upon the plaintiffs to show that the homestead was acquired, and the homestead rights attached, after the debts were contracted upon which the judgments were entered. The evidence is brief, and from it we gather these ultimate facts:
George W. Adams, the defendant, was raised in the home of one Alexander Adams and wife, but was not their child, nor was he ever adopted by them. Alexander Adams moved from Illinois to Iowa when the defendant was a small boy. He settled on a farm of 280 acres, about 4 miles from the town of Walnut, and was there engaged in farming and stockraising until 1887, when he left the farm and moved to the property in controversy.' He lived in this property with his wife until 1900, at which time she died. After the death of his wife, he continued to make the property his home until his death, in 1911. Up to the time Alexander and his wife moved to this home, defendant was unmarried, and resided with them on the farm place, and, we táke it, was treated, in all respects as a son. It appears, however, that, at the time the old folks moved from the farm [1218]*1218to this property, the defendant Avas contemplating marriage. Defendant remained on the farm after his marriage until 1896. One W. S. Packard was engaged, among other things, in the real estate business in the town of Walnut'. His testimony discloses that he had the property in controversy, known as the Green property, listed for sale; that he talked Avith Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Adams about buying it in the year 1887; that he took them and showed them the property; that Alexander said to him that he didn’t know about buying it; that George (meaning this defendant) Avas wanting to get a place; that one day, about this time, the defendant drove into toAvn, and this agent told him, “How is the time for you if you Avant to get the Green property, to take it in. You can get it for $1,000;’’ that defendant then said he would take it, and paid $100 earnest money to bind the bargain; that he aftenvards saw Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Adams and told them that George (meaning the defendant) had bought the property. Alexander s^id he was glad of it, it Avould make a good home for him; that later the deal was closed, and the title taken in the name of Alexander Adams. This ended -the connection of this agent with the transaction. His further testimony discloses that he had sexreral talks with the elder Adams with reference to the purchase of property in town; that they Avere' talking about purchasing property in town.
George Adams’ testimony discloses that he lived at the place in controversy and on this farm with the elder Adams ever since 1872; that he Avent to this home in Walnut in 1896, and stayed there continuously since then. He says:
“I fii’st learned of this property ixx 1887, at the time the purchase Avas xxiade. I was then contemplating marriage. The old folks were talking of leaving the farm, and had several properties in view. One night in August, 1887, Mr. Packard stopped me on the street and said to xne, ‘Do you want the Green property?’ I told him I didn’t know [1219]*1219whether the folks wanted it or not. Packard told me that, he had a party who had offered $950 for it. I said to him, 1 ‘Then I will take it,’ and paid him $100 and got a receipt. 1 The money paid was my own money. Further payments were made on the property.” j
Upon this point, he testifies:
“I was married in 1887. Alexander Adams’ notes were given to Mr. Green for the balance of the purchase price of , this property. The title to the property was taken in the name of Alexander Adams. It was taken on an understand- ’ ing between me and him that Green was to take notes given in the name of father (Alexander Adams). Mine wouldn’t go at that time. No one ever repaid me the consideration furnished by me for the payment ’on this homestead. From 1896, the time I moved from the farm, I have lived in this property continuously. * * * The old folks left the farm in 1887 and went to this home in Walnut. I remained on the farm. At the time the property was bought, the old folks were still on the farm. I was married before the deed was made. When the old folks left the farm, the stock and implements were left on the place under what you might call a family partnership arrangement. We kept everything, then divided the proceeds sometimes, and sometimes we used what might be his, and sometimes we used what might be mine. I used my own judgment in running the farm. This arrangement continued until 1896. The arrangement for running the farm was made in the fall of 1887. Father’s stock and farm implements remained on the farm during the time I occupied it. In 1896, Alexander Adams had a sale on the farm and I moved to town. At that time, tlie old gentleman and his wife were living in the place in town, and my wife and I went there to live with them. From 1887 to 1896, the old folks, had the place in town furnished after the fashion of old people that move to town. They had their own furniture during that period. [1220]*1220Mrs. Alexander Adams died in 1900. From 1896, the time I moved to town, until 1900, I was on the road traveling with a live stock commission house with headquarters at Walnut. My wife was at the home in town regularly after mother died. From 1896 to 1900, my wife was at home part of the time, and part of the time at her folks. My first wife and I were divorced in October, 1905. During the seasons of 1896, ’97 and ’98, nly wife helped her folks on the Perry farm: I married my present wife in 1909, and took her to my father’s home at that time. Father’s household goods and furniture continued to remain in the home until his death. During the time my second wife was at father’s home, I was away about three fourths of the time.” i
It further appears that Alexander Adams paid all the taxes on this home property until the time of his death; that George Adams never paid any taxes during the years 1900 and 1911, inclusive. On December 5, 1910, Alexander Adams executed his will, in which he bequeathed to George W. Adams the house and lot in controversy, with the furniture and books therein. This will was duly admitted to probate in September, 1911, soon after the old gentleman’s death. It is the contention of the plaintiffs that this record discloses that the property in question was the property of Alexander Adams at the time of his death; that Alexander occupied the property as his home, with his wife, until her death in 1900, and continued thereafter to occupy it as his home, until his death in 1911; that the defendant acquired no interest in the property upon which he could predicate a homestead right until he acquired title through the devise made in Alexander Adams’ will in 1911; and that this was after the indebtedness had accrued upon which plaintiffs rely.
This record shows: That in 1887, defendant purchased the' property; that he paid $100 down to bind the bargain; [1221]*1221that thereafter, under some arrangement between him and ' Alexander Adams, Alexander’s notes wére taken by the owner for the balance of the purchase money, because, as ' he says, at that time his notes were not considered good for ' that amount; that, under some arrangement between them, the deed was then taken in Alexander Adams’ name, for the purpose of securing Alexander. This last is a reasonable inference from the whole record. This home place was purchased when the defendant and his foster father and mother were residing upon the farm. The defendant was contemplating marriage. Thereafter, the defendant married, and some arrangement was made between him . and his foster parents that resulted in their going to town and entering into the possession and occupancy of this property, and his remaining on the old farm place. At this time, there was also some arrangement between them for a division of the profits of the farm. What that arrangement was does not appear, and what division was in fact made does not appear, but the defendant says, however, that out of the proceeds of this farm he paid the balance of the purchase money; that this was his own money; that he continued to occupy and work the farm until 1896, then removed to this place in Walnut, and continued thereafter to occupy it as his home until the death of Alexander Adams, and that he was still occupying it at the time this suit was brought.
We think this record discloses the following ultimate facts: That the defendant purchased this property from Green, through Packard, in 1887; paid $100 down to bind the purchase price; that the purchase price was $1,000; that. Alexander Adams, his foster father, gave his notes to secure the balance of the purchase price; that, to secure him. for so doing, under some arrangement between him and the defendant, the legal title was taken in the name of Alexander Adams; that the balance of the purchase price, as [1222]*1222evidenced by the notes of Alexander Adams, was subsequently paid by this defendant to the grantor, Green; that, as against the defendant, Alexander Adams held the legal title only as security; that defendant was in fact the owner of the property, subject to whatever rights Alexander Adams might have, in the event he were required to pay the notes, against the payment of which the legal title was taken in h-is name. When these notes were paid does not affirmatively appear, but we think it fairly appears from the record that they were paid prior to 1896; that, in 1896, the defendant, with his wife, entered into the possession of this-property as his home; that it has been his home ever since.
As militating against this finding are the facts appearing in the record, that Alexander and his wife entered into the possession of this home immediately after its purchase and continued to occupy it until their deaths; that Alexander Adams paid the taxes during the years intervening between the year of the purchase and his death; that the title stood in the name of Alexander until his death; that Alexander Adams made this will in which he spoke of the property as his homestead. However, we do not think this is sufficient to call for a different conclusion. The district court found for the defendant. The relationship existing between Alexander Adams and the defendant accounted for much that might militate against) the defendant’s claim. The fact that Alexander Adams, upon his death, made this will giving the legal title to this defendant., emphasizes, rather than contradicts, the conclusion we have reached. The authorities are to the effect that the homestead right is not altogether dependent upon the legal title. One occupying under a bond for a deed may acquire homestead rights in the property occupied. One may acquire homestead rights in property even when the vendor retains the legal title as security for unpaid purchase money. [1223]*1223Homestead rights may be acquired iu property to which the homesteader has only an equitable title.' There may be a homestead right in the leasehold interest in real estate. A leasehold interest, in some cases, is held sufficient to support the homestead right. A homestead may exist as to property held in which there .is only an equitable estate,- as vrell as though it were held by legal title. Upon this point, see Stinson v. Richardson, 44 Iowa 373; Thorn v. Thorn, 14 Iowa 49; Bolton v. Oberne, 79 Iowa 278; Hewitt v. Rankin, 41 Iowa 35; Pelan v. De Bevard, 13 Iowa 53; White v. Danforth, 122 Iowa 403; In re Estate of Ring, 132 Iowa 216; Foster v. Rice, 126 Iowa 190.
Though the matter is not entirely free from doubt, we are constrained to say that, after a review of this record as written, and a consideration of facts inferentially appearing therein, we are not justified in disturbing the action of the district court, and therefore affirm the same. — Affirmed.
Ladd, Evans and Salinger, JJ., concur.