Perron v. Aranosian

508 A.2d 1087, 128 N.H. 92, 1986 N.H. LEXIS 259
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedMay 9, 1986
DocketNo. 85-160
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 508 A.2d 1087 (Perron v. Aranosian) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Perron v. Aranosian, 508 A.2d 1087, 128 N.H. 92, 1986 N.H. LEXIS 259 (N.H. 1986).

Opinion

Souter, J.

We affirm the judgment for the defendant in this action to recover consideration paid and consequential damages, following the plaintiffs’ purported revocation of their acceptance of a used truck purchased from the defendant. See RSA 382-A:2-608.

The Concord District Court (Robbins, J.) found that on March 31, 1983, the plaintiffs bought a used 1979 Ford truck from the defendant for $4740, paying $240 in cash, trading in a 1973 GMC truck valued at $1000, and giving a $3500 note which the defendant [94]*94assigned to GMAC. They accepted the truck without test-driving it, but thereafter brought it back to the defendant with complaints of front-end vibration and rear-end noise. The defendant repaired the truck at his own expense. The plaintiffs then drove it until May 5, 1983, when they claimed to revoke their acceptance of it by returning it to the defendant. The defendant refused their demand for the return of their consideration, and they brought this action in the district court. They pleaded that they had revoked acceptance of the Ford truck because its defects substantially impaired its value to them; that the defendant had refused to return the $240 and the GMC truck they had given as consideration; that they had incurred “other costs”; and therefore that they were entitled to damages in the amount of $2500.

On the date assigned for trial, the court found the defendant in default after he and his counsel failed to appear. The next day the defendant’s counsel moved to strike the default, explaining that he had confused this case with another and had failed to note the correct trial date on his calendar. The court granted the motion over objection.

The case was then rescheduled and tried, but without a taped or stenographic record. Consequently, for purposes of this appeal we must assume that the evidence supported the trial court’s findings, Nashua Housing Authority v. Tassie, 121 N.H. 449, 450, 431 A.2d 134, 135 (1981), and must limit our review to legal errors apparent on the face of the record that we have. Orford Teachers Assoc. v. Watson, 122 N.H. 803, 804, 451 A.2d 378, 379 (1982).

The first two assignments of error require discussions. The plaintiffs claim that defense counsel’s forthright explanation that he had failed to calendar the trial date is not a sufficient excuse under the standard of Fome Associates v. Palmer, 122 N.H. 985, 453 A.2d 1274 (1982), and they argue that it was error to strike the default. We agree that counsel’s clerical error would not have been excusable under the Fome standard, but we do not agree that the Fome standard is applicable here.

In Fome, plaintiff’s counsel had failed to enter a writ prior to the return date. In holding that clerical error or neglect would not generally excuse a failure of counsel to act within procedural deadlines, this court applied the standard expressed in the preface to the superior court rules, which provides that the court may grant relief when a failure to comply with the rules results from “accident, mistake or misfortune and not.. . neglect____” In contrast, the district court’s authority to excuse a failure to be ready for a scheduled trial date, see Dist. & Mun. Ct. R. 3.12, is not so limited; the court may [95]*95waive application of a rule simply for “good cause and as justice may require.” Dist. & Mun. Ct. R. 1.1. Since this rule does not explicitly bar relief from all consequences of human neglect, we are unwilling to hold that the district court erred as a matter of law or abused its discretion in striking the default at the behest of honest counsel who responded promptly upon learning of his error. See Lavoie v. Bourque, 103 N.H. 372, 374, 172 A.2d 565, 566-67 (1961). Although the plaintiffs do not claim prejudice, we assume that they were, or will be, made whole for their time, the expense of counsel and any other costs incurred in appearing at the defaulted hearing. See id. at 375, 172 A.2d at 567.

The plaintiffs’ second claim is that the trial court erred in failing to grant restitution to avoid the defendant’s unjust enrichment from retaining the down payment, the truck traded-in and any net proceeds from sale of the truck returned. To this, we can only respond that the plaintiffs are attempting to appeal an issue that they did not raise in any of their pretrial pleadings and on which the record before us is too sparse to permit any inference of error.

The plaintiffs’ declaration requested damages to enforce their claim of entitlement to revoke an acceptance of goods under RSA 382-A:2-608. The pleadings claimed the existence of a sale of goods, such non-conformity of the goods as substantially to impair their value to the plaintiffs, and a right to recover the consideration paid plus damages. The defendant was on notice to meet only those issues.

The plaintiffs first raised a claim that the defendant would be unjustly enriched if they were not entitled to enforce their purported revocation in their requests for rulings of law, presumably filed before the end of the trial. The pretrial pleadings, however, sought no such alternative relief. In the absence of timely supplemental pleadings, the attempt to broaden the issues at trial by raising a claim for restitution to prevent unjust enrichment offended the elementary principle that must be enforced, even in this lenient jurisdiction, “that pleadings . . . must inform the opponent of the theory and relief sought . . . .” R. Wiebusch, 4 New Hampshire Practice, Civil Practice and Procedure § 214, at 158 (1984) (citing Morency v. Plourde, 96 N.H. 344, 76 A.2d 791 (1950)). If the trial court refused to consider restitution, it did not err.

Even if the issue of restitution had been properly raised, we could not say on this record that it was error to refuse any award on that basis. We have no record indicating what happened to the Ford truck or the GMAC debt, although the defendant asserts in his brief that GMAC had recourse against him under the note. We have no [96]*96idea what the defendant may have realized from the GMC trade-in truck, and we have no evidence of his net position when the skeins of these transactions were finally untangled. The plaintiffs have presented no basis for an equitable argument or a claim of error.

The plaintiffs’ final claims assert a buyer’s right under RSA 382-A:2-601 to reject non-conforming goods or, alternatively, the right under RSA 382-A:2-608 to revoke an acceptance once given. We can say at the outset that there is no apparent error in the trial court’s failure to recognize a right to reject under RSA 382-A:2-601. The plaintiffs apparently raised this claim for the first time in their requests for rulings of law, whereas the declaration of their writ clearly implies that they had initially accepted the truck, for they specifically pleaded that they “revoked acceptance” of it. Thus, the pleadings did not raise a claim to relief on the theory of a right to reject the truck prior to acceptance.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
508 A.2d 1087, 128 N.H. 92, 1986 N.H. LEXIS 259, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/perron-v-aranosian-nh-1986.