*#>)mi
Court of Appeals iFtftli district nf (Xtexas at Hallas
JUDGMENT
GUADALUPE GUY PEREZ. Appellant Appeal from the 265th Judicial District Court of Dallas County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. F97- No. 05-97-01626-CR V. 21043-QR). Opinion delivered by Justice Roach, Justices THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Whittington and O'Neill participating.
Based on the Court's opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRIVIED.
Judgment entered March 11, 1999.
-£&j^ / JOHN R. ROACH JUSTICE AFFIRM and Opinion Filed March 11, 1999
In The
Court of Appeals Ififtli district of QJexas at Dallas
No. 05-97-01626-CR No. 05-97-01627-CR
GUADALUPE GUY PEREZ, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 265th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F97-27043-QR & F97-16371-QR
OPINION
Before Justices Whittington, Roach, and O'Neill Opinion By Justice Roach
Guadalupe Guy Perez appeals his convictions for aggravated sexual assault of a child under
theage of fourteen. Ajury convicted appellant and assessed punishment ineach case at ninety-five
years in prison and a $10,000 fine. In four points of error, he complains the trial court erred in(1)
admitting his written confession, (2) admitting the written translation ofhis confession, (3) finding
that the State gave reasonable notice ofits intent to introduce extraneous offenses, and (4) admitting
evidence of extraneous offenses pursuant to article 38.37 of the Texas Code ofCriminal Procedure.
For the reasons set forth below, we overrule all points of error. We affirm the trial court's judgments.
Factual Background
S.S. testified appellant is her uncle and began sexually abusing her when she was seven years
old. The abuse continued for several years. S.S. testified that he penetrated her vagina with his
penis and his fingers "many times" and that he tried to make her touch his penis with her hand.
During the times of abuse, appellant was living with S.S., her mother, her sister and two brothers,
and the babysitter, who was appellant's girlfriend. S.S. told her mother what had been happening
when she was about thirteen years old. Appellant ultimately gave a statement to the police in which
he admitted touching S.S. on her vagina three times when she was eleven years old. The jury
convicted appellant of aggravated sexual assault, and he appealed.
Confession
In his first point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in admitting State's Exhibit
No. 1, his written Spanish-language confession into evidence. It appearsthat the cruxofappellant's
complaint on appeal is that no Spanish-speaking person was present when he wrote out his statement
in Spanish and the record therefore does not establish that he understood his right to remain silent.
Two witnesses testified at a pretrial hearing on the voluntariness of appellant's statement.
Detective Jerry Pomposelli testified that appellant was arrested and he went to question him about
eighteen hours later. He informed appellant of his rights in English, and Detective Jose Flores
informed appellant of his rights in Spanish. Although appellant appeared to understand English and
spokesomeEnglish, Pomposelli testified thathe hadFloresinform appellant of hisrights in Spanish
because hewanted to ensure thatappellant understood those rights. After Flores informed appellant
-2- of his rights in Spanish, appellant "indicated that he did" understandthem. Pomposelli said he told
appellant that there was allegations involving many girls and then talked to appellant for about an
hour to an hourand a half. He said that appellant "reallydidn't say anything, other than he thought
they were making it up."' Appellant then wrote a statement and signed it. In the statement,
appellant acknowledged touching S.S. on her vagina when she was eleven years old. Pomposelli
testified that he did not threaten appellant nor did he make him any promises in exchange for his
statement.
Detective Flores testified that he read appellant his rights in Spanish, asked if appellant
understood his rights, andappellant said "Si." Appellant didnotappear confused nordid heaskany
questions regarding his rights. After reading appellant his rights, Flores said he left the interview
room. He said he was not present when appellant wrote his statement. Flores said he believed
appellant spoke English but that the officers asked him to read the rights in Spanish to make sure
that appellant "completely understood his rights prior to giving a statement." He said he believed
a Spanish-speaking secretary translated the written statement given by appellant.
At the conclusion of the hearing, appellant argued that (1) there was no one present who
spoke Spanish whenhe executed his statement, (2) no Spanish-speaking person testified that hesaw
appellantwrite the statement, and (3) the witnesses at the hearing did not speak Spanishbut testified
appellant wrote thewords. Thus, appellant objected thattheState had failed to prove "the necessary
predicate" to the confession's admission. Thetrial courtruled the statement was voluntarily given.
Thestandard of review setforth in Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997),
Later, he explained his testimony:
What I stated earlier, he stated thatthe girls made it up. When I asked himspecifically about the other girls thatwere involved, I asked himif he wanted to talkaboutthem and he saidthatno,thattheywere making thatup. Buthe wouldn't elaborate as to why he thought that or anything else.
-3- applies to claims concerning the voluntariness of oral and written statements. See Hernandez v.
State, 957 S.W.2d 851, 852 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (per curiam). As a general rule, we afford
almost total deference to a trial court's determination of the historical facts that the record supports,
especially when the trial court's fact findings are based on an evaluation of credibility and
demeanor. Guzman, 955 S.W.2dat89. Likewise, we afford the same amount of deference to mixed
questions of law and fact, if resolving those ultimate questions turns on evaluating credibility and
demeanor. Id. However, we review de novo "mixed questions of law and fact" not falling within
this category. Id. In this case, the facts are undisputed; accordingly, we review de novo whether
those facts establish voluntariness.
Determining whether a confession is voluntary must be based on the totality of the
circumstances surrounding its acquisition. McCoy v. State, 713 S.W.2d 940, 955 (Tex. Crim. App.
1986), cert, denied, 480 U.S. 940 (1987). The State has the burden to prove the voluntariness of
a confession. Gentry v. State, 770 S.W.2d 780, 789 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988), cert, denied, 490 U.S.
1102(1989).
On appeal, it appears appellant is complaining that his confession was somehow rendered
involuntary by the fact that Detective Flores left the interview room after explaining his rights to
him rather than remaining present during the questioning. He contends this violated section one of
article 38.22. We disagree.
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*#>)mi
Court of Appeals iFtftli district nf (Xtexas at Hallas
JUDGMENT
GUADALUPE GUY PEREZ. Appellant Appeal from the 265th Judicial District Court of Dallas County, Texas. (Tr.Ct.No. F97- No. 05-97-01626-CR V. 21043-QR). Opinion delivered by Justice Roach, Justices THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Whittington and O'Neill participating.
Based on the Court's opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRIVIED.
Judgment entered March 11, 1999.
-£&j^ / JOHN R. ROACH JUSTICE AFFIRM and Opinion Filed March 11, 1999
In The
Court of Appeals Ififtli district of QJexas at Dallas
No. 05-97-01626-CR No. 05-97-01627-CR
GUADALUPE GUY PEREZ, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 265th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F97-27043-QR & F97-16371-QR
OPINION
Before Justices Whittington, Roach, and O'Neill Opinion By Justice Roach
Guadalupe Guy Perez appeals his convictions for aggravated sexual assault of a child under
theage of fourteen. Ajury convicted appellant and assessed punishment ineach case at ninety-five
years in prison and a $10,000 fine. In four points of error, he complains the trial court erred in(1)
admitting his written confession, (2) admitting the written translation ofhis confession, (3) finding
that the State gave reasonable notice ofits intent to introduce extraneous offenses, and (4) admitting
evidence of extraneous offenses pursuant to article 38.37 of the Texas Code ofCriminal Procedure.
For the reasons set forth below, we overrule all points of error. We affirm the trial court's judgments.
Factual Background
S.S. testified appellant is her uncle and began sexually abusing her when she was seven years
old. The abuse continued for several years. S.S. testified that he penetrated her vagina with his
penis and his fingers "many times" and that he tried to make her touch his penis with her hand.
During the times of abuse, appellant was living with S.S., her mother, her sister and two brothers,
and the babysitter, who was appellant's girlfriend. S.S. told her mother what had been happening
when she was about thirteen years old. Appellant ultimately gave a statement to the police in which
he admitted touching S.S. on her vagina three times when she was eleven years old. The jury
convicted appellant of aggravated sexual assault, and he appealed.
Confession
In his first point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in admitting State's Exhibit
No. 1, his written Spanish-language confession into evidence. It appearsthat the cruxofappellant's
complaint on appeal is that no Spanish-speaking person was present when he wrote out his statement
in Spanish and the record therefore does not establish that he understood his right to remain silent.
Two witnesses testified at a pretrial hearing on the voluntariness of appellant's statement.
Detective Jerry Pomposelli testified that appellant was arrested and he went to question him about
eighteen hours later. He informed appellant of his rights in English, and Detective Jose Flores
informed appellant of his rights in Spanish. Although appellant appeared to understand English and
spokesomeEnglish, Pomposelli testified thathe hadFloresinform appellant of hisrights in Spanish
because hewanted to ensure thatappellant understood those rights. After Flores informed appellant
-2- of his rights in Spanish, appellant "indicated that he did" understandthem. Pomposelli said he told
appellant that there was allegations involving many girls and then talked to appellant for about an
hour to an hourand a half. He said that appellant "reallydidn't say anything, other than he thought
they were making it up."' Appellant then wrote a statement and signed it. In the statement,
appellant acknowledged touching S.S. on her vagina when she was eleven years old. Pomposelli
testified that he did not threaten appellant nor did he make him any promises in exchange for his
statement.
Detective Flores testified that he read appellant his rights in Spanish, asked if appellant
understood his rights, andappellant said "Si." Appellant didnotappear confused nordid heaskany
questions regarding his rights. After reading appellant his rights, Flores said he left the interview
room. He said he was not present when appellant wrote his statement. Flores said he believed
appellant spoke English but that the officers asked him to read the rights in Spanish to make sure
that appellant "completely understood his rights prior to giving a statement." He said he believed
a Spanish-speaking secretary translated the written statement given by appellant.
At the conclusion of the hearing, appellant argued that (1) there was no one present who
spoke Spanish whenhe executed his statement, (2) no Spanish-speaking person testified that hesaw
appellantwrite the statement, and (3) the witnesses at the hearing did not speak Spanishbut testified
appellant wrote thewords. Thus, appellant objected thattheState had failed to prove "the necessary
predicate" to the confession's admission. Thetrial courtruled the statement was voluntarily given.
Thestandard of review setforth in Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997),
Later, he explained his testimony:
What I stated earlier, he stated thatthe girls made it up. When I asked himspecifically about the other girls thatwere involved, I asked himif he wanted to talkaboutthem and he saidthatno,thattheywere making thatup. Buthe wouldn't elaborate as to why he thought that or anything else.
-3- applies to claims concerning the voluntariness of oral and written statements. See Hernandez v.
State, 957 S.W.2d 851, 852 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (per curiam). As a general rule, we afford
almost total deference to a trial court's determination of the historical facts that the record supports,
especially when the trial court's fact findings are based on an evaluation of credibility and
demeanor. Guzman, 955 S.W.2dat89. Likewise, we afford the same amount of deference to mixed
questions of law and fact, if resolving those ultimate questions turns on evaluating credibility and
demeanor. Id. However, we review de novo "mixed questions of law and fact" not falling within
this category. Id. In this case, the facts are undisputed; accordingly, we review de novo whether
those facts establish voluntariness.
Determining whether a confession is voluntary must be based on the totality of the
circumstances surrounding its acquisition. McCoy v. State, 713 S.W.2d 940, 955 (Tex. Crim. App.
1986), cert, denied, 480 U.S. 940 (1987). The State has the burden to prove the voluntariness of
a confession. Gentry v. State, 770 S.W.2d 780, 789 (Tex. Crim. App. 1988), cert, denied, 490 U.S.
1102(1989).
On appeal, it appears appellant is complaining that his confession was somehow rendered
involuntary by the fact that Detective Flores left the interview room after explaining his rights to
him rather than remaining present during the questioning. He contends this violated section one of
article 38.22. We disagree. Although the statute requires that warnings be given by a magistrate
or "the person to whom the statement is made," Tex. CODE Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.22, § 1
(Vernon 1979), the provision is satisfied if the person to whom the statement is made was present
when thestatutory warnings were read to theaccused. Dowthitt v. State, 931 S.W.2d 244,258 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1996). Here, appellant gave thestatement toPomposelli. Pomposelli read appellant his
-4- rights in English and was present when Flores read appellant his rights in Spanish. Therefore, we
conclude the statute was not violated.
Appellant also contends his written statement contradicts his oral statement to the police and
"there is no explanation in the record as to how an incriminating confession, based upon a voluntary,
knowing and intelligent waiver of the right to remain silent, could have resulted from the
interrogation conducted in this case, where [appellant] was maintaining his innocence during the
hour and a half interrogation as related by the police officers." Initially, we note that the record is
unclear as to whether appellant was "maintaining his innocence" with respect to S.S, as opposed to
the "other girls." Regardless, the record shows that there were allegations against appellant
involving several girls, and two different police departments were investigating him. The fact that
appellant may have originally told the officer the girls fabricated the allegations does not render his
later confessions involuntary. Nor is it "suspicious" that he signed a written statementafter talking
to Pomposelli for an hour to an hour and a half without a Spanish-speaking officer present.
Pomposelli testified that he did not make appellant any promises or threaten him in any way to
obtain the statement and there is no evidence in this record to the contrary. Finally, to the extent
he argues that a better procedure would be to record or videotape appellant's statement, there is
nothing in the rule to require such a procedure. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.22
(Vernon 1979 & Supp. 1999). Based on the evidence presented, we conclude appellant's statement
was admissible and the trial court did not err in allowing it at trial. We overrule the first point of
error.
In his secondpointof error, he complains the trial court reversibly erred in admitting State's
Exhibit No. 9, the English translation of his written confession. In particular, he complains (1)
-5- Detective Flores was not a certified translator and was not qualified to translate his statement from
Spanish to English and (2) Flores's translation contains grammatical errors, misspellings or
inconsistent spellings, and questionable translations.
We have reviewed the record in this case and, after doing so, conclude we need not decide
whether the trial judge erred in admitting the written translation of appellant's statement because,
even if he did, the same evidence was admitted earlier without objection. In particular, appellant
did not object when Flores orally translated appellant's statement from Spanish to English for the
jury; he only objected later when the State offered Flores's written translation.
The overruling of an objection to evidence will not result in reversal when other such
evidence was received without objection, either before or after the complained-of ruling. Leday v.
State, No. 1125-97, slip op. at 10 (Tex. Crim. App. Dec. 16, 1998). This rule applies whether the
other evidence was introduced by the defendant or the State. Id. Because the same facts as provided
in the written statement were proven by other unobjected-to testimony, i.e. Flores's oral translation,
we conclude error, if any, was harmless. Id. at 10-11. We overrule the second point of error.
Extraneous Offenses
In his third point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in ruling that the State gave
reasonable notice in advance oftrial of its intent to introduce extraneous offenses in its case in chief.
The record shows that appellant filed his request for notice, which was limited to Texas Rule of
Evidence 404(b), on the first day of trial.2 The request for notice was therefore untimely and did
not trigger the notice requirements of the rule. See Espinosa v. State,S53 S.W.2d36, 39 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1993).
2 . , , . . We note that the record contains no request by appellant for notice pursuant to article 38.37 of the code ot criminal procedure. Thus, any complaints with respect to that rule are waived. Regardless, we conclude the notice provided by the State was sufficient. Appellant was
charged in two indictments with aggravated sexual assault of a child. One indictment alleged digital
penetration and the other alleged penile penetration. Appellant contends that the complainant was
improperly allowed to testify that appellant penetrated her with his penis and finger "many times."
Thus, it appears that appellant complains that evidence of repeated commission of the acts alleged
in the indictment constituted evidence of extraneous offenses and he was entitled to notice of each
separate act. We disagree. See Worley v. State, 870 S.W.2d 620, 621-22 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st
Dist] 1994, pet. ref d) (holding that appellant's multiple commissions of sexual acts charged in
indictment are not extraneous offenses for evidentiary purposes for which State must provide notice
under rule 404(b)). To the extent appellant complains that the complainant was allowed to testify
that he tried to get her to touch his genitals, notice of such an act was provided by the State. We
overrule the third point of error.
In his fourth point, appellant complains the trial court erred in admitting evidence of crimes,
wrongs, or acts pursuant to article 38.37 of the code of criminal procedure. Appellant does not set
forth which particular evidence he is complaining of, but it appears he has limited his complaint to
the testimony regarding digital and penile penetration, both of which acts were alleged in the
indictment. We have previously concluded such was not evidence of extraneous acts. Even
assuming it was, and to the extent he is complaining about evidence of any other sexual misconduct
that he committed against the complainant, such evidence was relevant and admissible in this
prosecution.
Article 38.37 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states, in pertinent part, that:
Notwithstanding Rules 404 and 405, Texas Rules of Criminal Evidence, evidenceof other crimes,wrongs or acts committedby the
-7- defendant against the child who is the victim of the alleged offense shall be admitted for its bearing on relevant matters, including:
(1) state of mind of the defendant and the child; and
(2) the previous and subsequent relationship between the defendant and the child.
Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 38.37, § 2 (Vernon Pamph. 1999).
The complainant, who was fourteen at trial, testified the abuse began at age seven. She
testified appellant penetrated her vagina with his penis and his fingers on many occasions, put his
mouth on her vagina, and tried to make her touch his penis. Appellant argues that the trial court
erred in allowing this evidence in under article 38.37 because it was not relevant. We disagree.
Article 38.37 applies to prosecutions for sexual offenses committed against a child under
seventeen years of age. Id. at § 1. By enacting article 38.37, the legislature in effect determined
that, in certain sexual abuse cases, evidence of "other crimes, wrongs or acts" committed by the
accused against the child are relevant and admissible under rule 402 (and notwithstanding rules 404
and 405). See Stable v. State, 970 S.W.2d 682, 689 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1998, pet. ref d). In this
case, the complainant's testimony involved evidence of sexual abuse by appellant against her.
Accordingly, the complained-of evidence in this case met the requirement of the rule and was
therefore admissible. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in allowing the evidence at trial. We
overrule the fourth point of error. We affirm the trial court's judgments.
U£^. /L-/ JOHN R. ROACH JUSTICE Do Not Publish TEX. R. App. P. 47