People v. Zachary

Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided July 22, 2026·No. 2022-10188·Published

Opinion

People v Zachary - 2026 NY Slip Op 04521
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Law Reporting
Bureau
Thomas J.K. Smith, State Reporter

People v Zachary

2026 NY Slip Op 04521

July 22, 2026

Appellate Division, Second Department

Published by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431.

This decision is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the Official Reports.

The People of the State of New York, respondent,

v

Robert Zachary, appellant.

Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Second Judicial Department

Decided on July 22, 2026

2022-10188, (Ind. No. 70098/22)

Lara J. Genovesi, J.P.

Cheryl E. Chambers

Linda Christopher

Phillip Hom, JJ.

Patricia Pazner, New York, NY (Raina Hasan of counsel), for appellant.

Melinda Katz, District Attorney, Kew Gardens, NY (Johnnette Traill, Nancy Fitzpatrick Talcott, and Ariel Gootkin of counsel; Dallas S. Droz on the brief), for respondent.

[*1]

DECISION & ORDER

Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Gia L. Morris, J.), rendered November 14, 2023, convicting him of criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, upon his plea of guilty, and imposing sentence.

ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.

Contrary to the People's contention, the defendant's valid appeal waiver does not preclude appellate review of his contention that the sentence imposed was illegal due to the People's failure to establish the requisite tolling periods to bring the defendant's prior felony conviction within the applicable 10-year period (see Penal Law § 70.04[1][b][iv]-[v]; People v Cofield, 215 AD3d 882, 883). However, the defendant's contention is not preserved for appellate review (see People v Lashley, 37 NY3d 1140, 1141; People v Spencer, 165 AD3d 706, 707), and it is not reviewable under the narrow illegal sentence exception to the preservation requirement, because it was not readily discernible from the trial record that the sentence the court imposed was not within the permissible range (see People v Lashley, 37 NY3d at 1141; People v Cofield, 215 AD3d at 883). We decline to reach the issue in the exercise of our interest of justice jurisdiction.

The defendant's valid waiver of his right to appeal largely precludes appellate review of his contention that his adjudication as a second felony offender was unconstitutional in light of Erlinger v United States (602 US 821) (see People v Simpson, 244 AD3d 762, 762). To the extent the defendant contends that New York's predicate felony offender statutes are facially unconstitutional, that contention is not precluded by the appeal waiver (see People v Johnson, __NY3d__, 2025 NY Slip Op 06528; People v Smith, 244 AD3d 1144, 1144). However, the contention is unpreserved for appellate review (see CPL § 470.05[2]; People v Hernandez, 43 NY3d 591, 597; People v Smith, 244 AD3d at 1144), and we decline to reach it in the exercise of our interest of justice jurisdiction (see People v Smith, 244 AD3d at 1144).

Additionally, the defendant's contention that his sentence was excessive is precluded by his valid waiver of the right to appeal (see People v Lopez, 6 NY3d 248, 256).

GENOVESI, J.P., CHAMBERS, CHRISTOPHER and HOM, JJ., concur.

ENTER:

Darrell M. Joseph

Clerk of the Court

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Related

People v. Lopez
844 N.E.2d 1145 (New York Court of Appeals, 2006)
People v. Cofield
215 A.D.3d 882 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2023)
People v. Hernandez
43 N.Y.3d 591 (New York Court of Appeals, 2025)
People v. Johnson
2025 NY Slip Op 06528 (New York Court of Appeals, 2025)