People v. Wells

101 A.D.3d 1250, 955 N.Y.2d 684
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided December 13, 2012·Published·Cited by 3 cases

Opinion

McCarthy, J.

[1251]*1251Counsel never gave notice of intent. Defendant testified at trial, although he barely addressed the circumstances surrounding the time of the murder itself. At the charge conference after the proof was closed, defense counsel requested an EED defense charge. County Court denied the request on two grounds — lack of notice and lack of proof to support the charge. The jury convicted defendant of the sole count, murder in the second degree, and the court sentenced him to 25 years to life in prison. Defendant appeals.

Counsel erred in failing to give notice of intent to offer psychiatric evidence. CPL 250.10 provides that a court permit late service of a notice of intent, in the interest of justice and for good cause shown, up until the close of the evidence (see CPL 250.10 [2]). The prosecutor provided the citation for a recent Court of Appeals case addressing the situation, and County Court urged counsel to study the case and quoted an applicable sentence, all prior to the close of the evidence. As made clear in Diaz, the term “psychiatric evidence” as used in CPL 250.10 is “broadly construed to encompass ‘any’ mental health evidence offered by a defendant, including] lay testimony,” even testimony from the defendant himself or herself (People v Diaz, 15 NY3d at 47). Despite this recent, binding, applicable case law that was pointed out to counsel multiple times during the trial, when he still could have provided late notice of his intent to offer defendant’s testimony in support of an EED defense, counsel did not seek to provide notice but still sought an EED defense charge after the proof was closed.

Prior to trial, defendant was examined by a mental health expert. Because defendant chose not to call this expert as a wit[1252]*1252ness or introduce the expert report as evidence at trial, defendant was only required to disclose the expert’s report to the People if he filed a notice of intent to offer psychiatric evidence (see CPL 240.30 [1] [a]). While counsel may have wanted to avoid disclosing that report to the People (see CPL 240.30 [1] [a]), and opening defendant up to an examination by an expert selected by the People (see CPL 250.10 [3]), counsel’s method of doing so effectively prevented defendant from obtaining an EED defense charge even though EED was the only viable defense. In fact, that was the defense that counsel specifically pursued from his opening statement through the close of proof, yet his actions undermined his ability to have the jury consider it. A single error can constitute ineffective assistance if a defendant demonstrates “that the error was ‘so egregious and prejudicial’ as to deprive defendant of a fair trial” (People v Cummings, 16 NY3d 784, 785 [2011], cert denied 565 US —, 132 S Ct 203 [2011], quoting People v Turner, 5 NY3d 476, 480 [2005]). Counsel erred by either lacking familiarity with or understanding of the Diaz case, or failing to follow its guidance without any legitimate explanation. The question then becomes whether this error rendered his assistance ineffective.

The People contend that counsel’s failure to provide notice of intent does not require reversal because County Court also denied the request for an EED defense charge on an alternate basis, namely the lack of proof regarding EED. To support the defense, defendant had to show that at the time of the homicide he acted under the influence of EED and that there was a reasonable explanation for that disturbance (see People v Roche, 98 NY2d 70, 75-76 [2002]; see also People v Smith, 1 NY3d 610, 612 [2004]). EED is a “mental infirmity not rising to the level of insanity . . . , typically manifested by a loss of self-control” (People v Roche, 98 NY2d at 75; see People v Harris, 95 NY2d 316, 319 [2000]). Action influenced by EED need not be spontaneous, but may be a significant mental trauma that “has affected a defendant’s mind for a substantial period of time, simmering in the unknowing subconscious and then inexplicably coming to the fore” (People v Patterson, 39 NY2d 288, 303 [1976], affd 432 US 197 [1977]; see People v Casassa, 49 NY2d 668, 676 [1980], cert denied 449 US 842 [1980]). To be entitled to an EED defense jury charge, defendant had to submit “evidence sufficient for a jury to find, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the elements of this affirmative defense were established” (People v Walker, 64 NY2d 741, 743 [1984]). When considering if the EED defense should have been charged to the jury, we view the evidence in a light most favorable to defendant (see People v Harris, 95 NY2d at 320).

[1253]*1253Defendant and another witness testified that on the night before he attacked the victim, defendant learned that she was telling others that she no longer had romantic feelings for him. Defendant was also upset because the victim was pregnant, likely by another man, and she had apparently not responded appropriately when his apartment was burglarized and his belongings were stolen. Although defendant declined to testify regarding the circumstances of the killing itself on direct examination, he did testify that after “I did what I did ... I called my uncle in Atlanta. I was still in shock.” He then said that he fell asleep and “I thought it was a dream when I woke up,” “I really don’t really understand how it happened and why it happened. I just — it just happened.” When he was asked on cross-examination whether he wrapped the lamp cord around the victim’s neck, defendant replied, “I blanked out. I don’t remember none of that.”2

This testimony was insufficient to support a jury finding that defendant established, by a preponderance of the evidence, the elements of the EED defense (see People v Walker, 64 NY2d at 743). Defendant did not provide any proof of his mental state at the time of the commission of the crime, stating — despite having taken the witness stand — that he did not want to talk about what happened in regard to the killing itself. Counsel asked questions to elicit defendant’s mental state at the time of the commission of the crime, but defendant did not respond and instead avoided that topic. While his testimony could be used to support a lack of intent because he said he could not remember, there was ample other evidence of his intent to kill the victim. His testimony may have shown that he acted on jealousy or anger when he killed her. Although those emotions may sometimes serve as a reasonable explanation for the presence of [1254]*1254EED, they are not alone indicative of any mental infirmity and “are not equivalent to the loss of self-control generally associated with that defense” (id. at 743; see People v Ross, 34 AD3d 1124, 1126 [2006], lv denied 8 NY3d 884 [2007]; People v Knights, 109 AD2d 910, 911 [1985]; compare People v Harris, 95 NY2d at 320 [the defendant confessed that he “ ‘couldn’t stop’ his attack” and “ ‘it was like [he] was looking at a movie [and] didn’t have any control’ at the time”]; People v Moye, 66 NY2d 887, 890 [1985] [the defendant stated that “ ‘something snapped’ inside him,” he “went ‘bananas’ ” and “needed help,” indicating loss of self-control]).

Even viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to defendant, as we must when considering if the EED defense should have been charged to the jury (see People v Harris,

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People v. Wells, 101 A.D.3d 1250, 955 N.Y.2d 684 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2012).

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