People v. Wallender

27 A.D.3d 955, 812 N.Y.S.2d 157
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedMarch 23, 2006
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 27 A.D.3d 955 (People v. Wallender) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Wallender, 27 A.D.3d 955, 812 N.Y.S.2d 157 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

Spain, J.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Schenectady County (Hoye, J.), entered June 15, 2005, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of criminal mischief in the second degree, criminal mischief in the third degree (four counts) and criminal mischief in the fourth degree (seven counts).

On three nights in the summer of 2003, several structures in the Town of Niskayuna, Schenectady County, were vandalized with spray paint, including private homes, a synagogue and the high school. The graffiti included derogatory references to the [956]*956Niskayuna police, with specific references to each of the two officers who ultimately led the investigation of the incidents. That investigation resulted in defendant’s arrest on the premise that he and a friend—against whom charges were also filed and later dropped—used spray paint to deface property within the town on the nights in question.

After a jury trial at which the People presented proof of damages occurring during the nights of June 24, 2003, August 22, 2003 and August 27, 2003, defendant was acquitted of all counts of “making graffiti” on all three nights, as well as all other crimes charged in relation to the incidents which occurred on August 27, 2003. He was convicted, however, of one count of criminal mischief in the third degree related to the spray-painting of a private residence on June 24, 2003 and 11 other counts of criminal mischief, in varying degrees, related to the incidents which occurred on August 22, 2003. He was sentenced to, among other things, concurrent terms of five years of probation, plus restitution and community service. Defendant appeals, raising a host of procedural and substantive arguments in support of reversal.

We find merit in defendant’s contention that in those instances where he was charged with both criminal mischief and making graffiti based on the same alleged act of vandalism, and convicted of criminal mischief but acquitted of making graffiti, the criminal mischief conviction must be reversed because the only evidence of intentional property damage which would support defendant’s criminal mischief convictions was evidence of spray-painting and, by virtue of his acquittals of all counts of making graffiti, it appears that the jury was unwilling to find that defendant intentionally used spray paint to damage property.1 “A person is guilty of criminal mischief . . . when with intent to damage property of another person, and having no right to do so nor any reasonable ground to believe that he has such right, he damages property of another person” (Penal Law § 145.10; see Penal Law § 145.00 [1]; § 145.05). The prohibition against making graffiti includes “the etching, painting, covering, drawing upon or otherwise placing of a mark upon public or private property with the intent to damage such property” (Penal Law § 145.60 [1]). Thus, the only distinction between the [957]*957two crimes is the specific nature of the property damage involved in making graffiti, i.e., the marking of property. Here, the only evidence of property damage submitted at trial to support either charge was spray-painting. Accordingly, where the jury acquitted defendant of making graffiti but convicted him of criminal mischief, the verdict is repugnant and cannot stand because defendant was convicted of a crime where “the jury has actually found that . . . defendant did not commit an essential element” (People v Tucker, 55 NY2d 1, 6 [1981]; see People v Whipple, 276 AD2d 827, 829 [2000], lv denied 96 NY2d 789 [2001]).

In reaching this conclusion, we are cognizant that a conviction should be reversed for repugnancy “ ‘only in those instances where acquittal on one crime as charged to the jury is conclusive as to a necessary element of the other crime, as charged, for which the guilty verdict was rendered’ ” (People v Rayam, 94 NY2d 557, 561 [2000], quoting People v Tucker, supra at 7), and that our review is so limited so as to not intrude into the “ ‘jury’s deliberative process by speculating on how the jury perceived and weighed the evidence’ ” (People v Mendoza, 300 AD2d 824, 824 [2002], lv denied 99 NY2d 617 [2003], quoting People v Tucker, supra at 7). Under these circumstances, however, where the only evidence of property damage submitted to the jury was spray-painting, we can ascertain the inconsistent nature of the verdict without speculating on the weight given the evidence by the jury; indeed, the verdict—as rendered—is not supported by legally sufficient evidence (see People v Yarrell, 75 NY2d 828 [1990], revg on dissenting mem below 146 AD2d 819, 821-822 [1989]; People v Clayton, 17 AD3d 706, 707-708 [2005]; People v Whipple, supra at 827-828; cf. People v Horne, 97 NY2d 404, 413 [2002]; People v Mendoza, supra at 825).

Notably, defendant was found guilty of a single count of criminal mischief for which he was not charged and acquitted of a corresponding count of making graffiti. On that count, defendant was found guilty of third degree criminal mischief based on proof that he spray-painted property located at 877 Inman Road on August 22, 2003. Contrary to defendant’s contentions, we find that conviction supported by the weight of the credible evidence. The People introduced the testimony of defendant’s friend who stated that she saw defendant at a party on August 22, 2003 with another individual and that they were dressed all in black, which she found unusual. She further testified that when asked about their garb, either defendant or the other individual replied, “You will hear about it tomorrow.” Defendant [958]*958admitted, to attending the party, but denied being dressed in black or participating in the vandalism later that night. He claimed to have stayed at the party until the early hours of the morning and then returning directly home, assertions which were partially corroborated by other testimony. Defendant testified that, once home, he was with his girlfriend until morning, but his girlfriend did not testify at trial.2

The People also relied on the testimony of a witness who claimed that defendant admitted participating in the vandalism occurring on August 22 and 27, 2003. While we find aspects of the testimony of this witness, who testified in exchange for leniency in pending drug and weapons possession charges, to be incredible, we are mindful that “[a] jury is Tree to selectively credit and reject any part of ” a single witness’s testimony (People v Bush, 14 AD3d 804, 805 [2005], lv denied 4 NY3d 852 [2005], quoting People v Thornton, 263 AD2d 782, 782-783 [1999], lv denied 93 NY2d 1046 [1999]; see People v Hargett, 11 AD3d 812, 814 [2004], lv denied 4 NY3d 744 [2004]). Further, in light of the testimony of the additional witness suggesting that defendant was involved in the incidents occurring on August 22, 2003, we cannot conclude that the jury failed to give the evidence the weight it should be accorded, such that it was left without a permissible basis upon which to conclude that defendant was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt (see People v Allen, 13 AD3d 892, 894 [2004], lv denied 4 NY3d 883 [2005]; see also People v Calabria, 3 NY3d 80, 83 [2004]).

Defendant also argues that he was deprived of his statutory right to a speedy trial, although no dispute exists that the People announced readiness within the six-month time period (see CPL 30.30).

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Bluebook (online)
27 A.D.3d 955, 812 N.Y.S.2d 157, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-wallender-nyappdiv-2006.