2024 IL App (2d) 240395-U No. 2-24-0395 Order filed October 8, 2024
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(l). ______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court OF ILLINOIS, ) of De Kalb County. ) Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) No. 23-CF-158 ) FRANKLIN E. TOOLEY, ) Honorable ) Marcy L. Buick, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE MULLEN delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Hutchinson and Birkett concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The trial court did not err in granting the State’s petition to deny defendant pretrial release and ordering him detained.
¶2 Defendant, Franklin E. Tooley, appeals from orders of the circuit court of De Kalb County
(1) granting the State’s verified petition to deny him pretrial release pursuant to article 110 of the
Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725 ILCS 5/art. 110 (West 2022)), commonly
referred to as the Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today (SAFE-T) Act or the Pretrial
Fairness Act, and (2) denying his subsequent motion for relief pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court 2024 IL App (2d) 240395-U
Rule 604(h)(2) (eff. April 15, 2024). See Pub. Acts 101-652, § 10-255 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023) and 102-
1104, § 70 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023) (we will refer to these public acts as the “Acts”). Defendant, through
counsel, declined to file a memorandum as permitted by Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(h)(7)
(eff. April 15, 2024). He therefore stands on the arguments raised in his motion for relief, namely
that (1) the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that no condition or combination
of conditions could mitigate the real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or
the community, based on the specific, articulable facts of the case and (2) the trial court failed to
include in its order a summary of its reasons for denying pretrial release as required by section
110-6.1(h)(1) of the Act (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(h)(1) (West 2022)). We affirm.
¶3 I. STATEMENT OF FACTS
¶4 A. Background
¶5 On March 24, 2023, defendant was charged by criminal complaint in the circuit court of
De Kalb County with various felony sex crimes involving his 13-year-old sister, A.L. Defendant,
a 17-year-old minor at the time, was transferred to River Valley Juvenile Detention Center in Joliet.
On March 25, 2023, bond was set at $500,000 (10% to apply). Defendant was unable to post bond
and remained in detention.
¶6 On April 17, 2023, the criminal complaint was superseded by a 29-count indictment
charging defendant with: (1) 12 counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault of a person with a
physical disability (720 ILCS 5/11-1.30(a)(6) (West 2022)), a Class X felony; (2) 4 counts of
aggravated criminal sexual assault of a person with a severe or profound intellectual disability (720
ILCS 5/11-1.30(c) (West 2022)), a Class X felony; (3) 1 count of aggravated kidnapping of a
person with a severe or profound intellectual disability (720 ILCS 5/10-2(a)(2) (West 2022)), a
Class X felony; (4) 1 count of aggravated kidnapping and committing another felony upon the
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victim (720 ILCS 5/10-2(a)(3) (West 2022)), a Class X felony; (5) 3 counts of aggravated criminal
sexual abuse of a person with a physical disability (720 ILCS 5/11-1.60(a)(4) (West 2022)), a
Class 2 felony; (6) 1 count of aggravated criminal sexual abuse of a family member under 18 years
of age (720 ILCS 5/11-1.60(b) (West 2022)); (7) 1 count of aggravated criminal sexual abuse of a
person with a severe or profound intellectual disability (720 ILCS 5/11-1.60(e) (West 2022)), a
Class 2 felony; (8) 4 counts of sexual relations with a family member (720 ILCS 5/11-11(a) (West
2022)), a Class 3 felony; and (9) 2 counts of aggravated battery of a person with a physical
disability (720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(d)(2) (West 2022)), a Class 3 felony.
¶7 B. Detention Proceedings
¶8 On March 12, 2024, defendant, still being held in detention and unable to post bond, filed
a “Motion for Reconsideration of Pretrial Release Conditions or, in the alternative Furlough
Defendant” (Motion) pursuant to sections 110-7.5 and 110-5(e) of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-7.5,
110-5(e) (West 2022)). Defendant argued that he should be released with a requirement that he be
placed at Nexus-Onarga (Onarga), a juvenile residential and high-school facility specializing in
the treatment of sexually problematic behaviors. Attached to the Motion was an email from Onarga
confirming defendant’s acceptance into the facility.
¶9 Also on March 12, 2024, the State filed a “Verified Petition to Deny Defendant Pretrial
Release” (Petition). The State urged the trial court to deny defendant pretrial release pursuant to
section 110-6.1 of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1 (West 2022)) because defendant was charged
with (1) a forcible felony as listed in section 110-6.1(a)(1.5) of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-
6.1(a)(1.5) (West 2022)) or any other felony which involves the threat of or infliction of great
bodily harm or permanent disability or disfigurement and (2) defendant is charged under a relevant
section of Article 11 of the Criminal Code of 2012 (720 ILCS 5/art. 11 (West 2022)). See 725
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ILCS 5/110-6.1(a)(5) (West 2022). The State alleged that defendant’s pretrial release would pose
a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community.
¶ 10 At a March 18, 2024 hearing, the trial court heard arguments from both parties concerning
the Motion and Petition. Prior to the hearing, the State presented the trial court and defense counsel
with a police department synopsis of facts. At the hearing, the State proffered as follows. On
February 21, 2023, after the family had gone to bed, defendant’s 15-year-old sister, S.T., heard her
younger 13-year-old sister, A.L., crying out. A.L., who is nonverbal and noncommunicative, has
multiple diagnoses of physical and mental conditions which confine her mostly to a wheelchair or
bed. A.L.’s room has active cameras to aid her parents in monitoring her nighttime care. S.T. was
unable to open A.L.’s locked door and began pounding on it until defendant, appearing flustered,
unlocked and opened the door. S.T. observed that the bedroom cameras were disconnected and
turned off and that A.L.’s diaper had been removed. Defendant told S.T. that he was attempting to
change the diaper. However, family members later told the police that defendant had never
changed A.L.’s diaper and was forbidden to do so. When defendant’s parents came to the room,
defendant ran from A.L.’s bedroom and hid in the bathroom, appearing upset. At a pre-scheduled
appointment the following day, A.L.’s pediatrician gave an assessment of obvious sexual abuse
based on the injuries present. Although seminal fluid was found in the victim’s diaper, testing
determined that it contained no actual DNA.
¶ 11 Further, the State proffered that De Kalb County Sheriff’s detectives recorded an interview
with defendant at his house. During the interview, defendant admitted to entering A.L.’s room that
night, locking the door, turning off the cameras, removing her diaper, and engaging in various acts
of penetration with her. He admitted to penetrating her vagina with his fingers, attempting to place
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his penis in her vagina, and anally penetrating her with his penis. He admitted this was not the first
time.
¶ 12 The State also described a 2020 incident in which defendant attempted a sexual assault
against his other sister, S.T.. Defendant told S.T., who is approximately one year younger than
defendant, that the only available television was in his bedroom. S.T. went into his bedroom, and
while there, defendant locked the door, removed her pants, and attempted to penetrate her. He
abandoned his efforts when S.T. fought back and their mother began pounding on the door.
¶ 13 In support of its contention that defendant is a danger to society, the State referenced his
multiple acts of sexual penetration with A.L., asserting that “various societal mores and taboos in
addition to the law simply isn’t something that deters him.” The State argued that defendant took
steps to avoid detection and that it was not the first time he had attempted to sexually assault
another person. The State also noted that defendant’s school records documented repeated,
inappropriate sexual contacts between defendant and other nonfamilial members, including S.T.’s
friends. The State asserted that defendant presents a danger to any woman “he comes across.”
¶ 14 Finally, the State communicated concerns about defendant’s proposed placement at
Onarga. The State contended Onarga is not a state facility, and, in fact, is not secure with unlocked
doors and unsecured grounds. The State also believed that Onarga would not be able to
accommodate electronic home monitoring (EHM). Because it is a residential-treatment and high-
school facility designed to work with juvenile offenders, the State contended it is not an appropriate
placement for an offender facing significant adult criminal charges. Given that defendant is now
an adult, and not a ward of the court, the State doubted Onarga would have any legal standing to
keep defendant from leaving. And, given defendant’s potential sentencing of a minimum of 33
years and his “problem controlling his urges,” the State argued defendant has a strong motive to
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seek more opportunities to satisfy his urges before “he’s sent away for a very long time.”
Additionally, the State questioned whether defendant could abide by the facility’s rules, stating
that “he wasn’t supposed to be in his sister’s room that night, either, so just because he’s not
supposed to be somewhere certainly isn’t something that’s prevented him in the past.” Finally, the
State opined that it would be inappropriate to release defendant because “the only place that he
can be kept to make sure that he doesn’t create any new victims out there is, quite frankly, at the
jail.”
¶ 15 In response, defense counsel argued that there were conditions that could mitigate any
threat posed by defendant’s pretrial release. Counsel indicated that the sheriff, despite his standing
position that his office does not allow out-of-county EHM, would allow out-of-county EHM if it
was ordered by the court and Onarga would accommodate EHM. Counsel cited the facility’s
distance from the victim and her sister as substantial, and argued that it rendered defendant’s threat
to them “non-existent.” Counsel pointed out that defendant’s parents were in court that day and
relayed their support for defendant’s release to Onarga to receive the treatment he needs. Counsel
proffered that the facility had a number of safety protocols and procedures. Specifically, there is
an opening delay and an alarm at the facility’s doors and staff are trained to stop a resident from
leaving “if they believe the person poses a danger.” Additionally, the facility is staffed 24/7, there
is a 3-to-1 resident-to-staff ratio, there are nightly room checks every 15 minutes, each resident
has his own room, no residents are allowed in each other’s rooms, there are no cell phones or
internet for residents, and the shared bathrooms are only allowed to be used by a single resident at
a time. Counsel asserted that Onarga had committed to accommodating whatever conditions the
court deemed appropriate to monitor defendant and it would report violations to whoever the court
instructed. When asked by the court about the age of individuals at Onarga, counsel responded that
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they ranged from approximately 14 to 20 years old. On this point, defense counsel conceded that,
due to the school setting, a court-imposed condition of no contact with minors would be impossible
to implement.
¶ 16 On April 18, 2024, the trial court granted the State’s Petition to deny pretrial release, and
denied defendant’s Motion. In its ruling, the court considered the nature and circumstances of the
charged offenses, the allegations in the indictment, the case record, the sworn synopsis, proffers
by the attorneys, arguments by the attorneys, case law, and statutory authority. The court found
that the proof is evident or the presumption great that defendant committed a detainable offense.
The court noted that defendant did not dispute that finding. The court also found that defendant’s
pretrial release posed a real and present threat to the safety of a person or persons or the community
based on the specific articulable facts of this case. Further, the court found that no condition or
combination of conditions of pretrial release could mitigate the real and present threat to the safety
of any person or persons or the community based on the specific articulable facts of this case.
¶ 17 C. Motion for Relief and Notice of Appeal
¶ 18 On June 3, 2024, defendant filed a “Motion for Relief Under the Pretrial Fairness Act” (see
Ill. S. Ct. R. 604(h)(2) (eff. Apr. 15, 2024)) contesting the trial court’s April 18, 2024, detention
order. After a hearing on July 1, 2024, the court denied the motion for relief. Defendant timely
filed a notice of appeal. The Office of the State Appellate Defender (OSAD) was appointed to
represent defendant on appeal. OSAD elected not to file a memorandum under Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 604(h)(7) (eff. Apr. 15, 2024) (providing that the issues raised in the motion for relief
are before the appellate court regardless of whether an optional memorandum is filed). Thus, on
appeal, we are limited to the arguments made in defendant’s motion for relief. The State filed a
response in opposition to the appeal.
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¶ 19 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 20 Article 110 of the Code, as amended by the Acts, abolished traditional monetary bail in
favor of pretrial release on personal recognizance or with conditions of release. 725 ILCS 5/110-
1.5, 110-2(a) (West 2022). In Illinois, all persons charged with an offense are eligible for pretrial
release. 725 ILCS 5/110-2(a), 110-6.1(e) (West 2022). Under the Code, as amended, a defendant’s
pretrial release may only be denied in certain statutorily limited situations (qualifying offenses).
725 ILCS 5/110-2(a), 110-6.1 (West 2022). For most of the qualifying offenses, upon filing a
verified petition requesting denial of pretrial release, the State has the burden to prove by clear and
convincing evidence that the proof is evident or the presumption great that the defendant has
committed the offense (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(e)(1) (West 2022)), that the defendant’s pretrial
release poses a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community (725
ILCS 5/110-6.1(a)(1)-(7), (e)(2) (West 2022)) or a high likelihood of willful flight to avoid
prosecution (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(a)(8), (e)(3) (West 2022)), and that no condition or combination
of conditions can mitigate the real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community
or the risk of the defendant’s willful flight from prosecution (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(e)(3) (West
2022)).
¶ 21 We apply a two-part standard of review to a trial court’s decision to detain a defendant. We
apply the manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standard to the trial court’s factual determinations,
including whether the proof is evident or the presumption great that a defendant has committed a
qualifying offense, whether a defendant poses a threat or a high likelihood of willful flight, and
whether any conditions would mitigate any threat or the risk of willful flight. People v. Trottier,
2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13. A finding is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence only
if a conclusion opposite that of the trial court’s is clearly apparent. In re Jose A., 2018 IL App (2d)
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180170, ¶ 17. The ultimate decision of whether a defendant should be detained is reviewed for an
abuse of discretion; thus, we will reverse only if no reasonable person could agree with the trial
court. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13. It is well established that we review the result at
which the trial court arrived rather than its reasoning and may affirm on any basis apparent in the
record. People v. Johnson, 208 Ill. 2d 118, 128 (2003); People v. Munz, 2021 IL App (2d) 180873,
¶ 27.
¶ 22 Defendant raises two principal contentions in support of his appeal. First, he contends that
the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that no condition or combination of
conditions could mitigate the real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the
community, based on the specific, articulable facts of the case. Second, he asserts that the trial
court failed to comply with section 110-6.1(h)(1) of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(h)(1) (West
2022)), which requires a court entering a detention order to include a summary of its reasons for
denying pretrial release, including why less restrictive conditions would not ensure the safety of
the victim or the community. We reject both arguments.
¶ 23 A. Mitigating Conditions
¶ 24 Defendant first argues that the State failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that
no condition or combination of conditions could mitigate the threat he posed to the safety of any
person or persons or the community. In determining whether a specific threat can be mitigated
through the imposition of conditions of pretrial release, the trial court considers, among other
factors: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense charged; (2) the weight of the evidence
against the defendant; (3) the history and characteristics of the defendant; and (4) the nature and
seriousness of the real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community that would
be posed by the defendant’s release. 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a) (West 2022).
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¶ 25 At the July 1, 2024, hearing on the motion for relief, the court re-affirmed its prior rulings
and findings. Accordingly, we may also draw from the court’s findings at the April 18, 2024,
detention hearing. The trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that no condition or
combination of conditions can mitigate the real and present threat to the safety of any person or
persons or the community, based on the specific, articulable facts of the case. We cannot find that
a conclusion opposite that of the trial court is clearly apparent. The court described the nature and
circumstances of the offenses charged. The court noted that defendant was charged with sex
offenses involving acts of violence to another individual. It specifically cited the alleged victim’s
screams at the time of being found alone with defendant in a locked room and the physical injuries
found the next day at her doctor’s appointment. See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(1) (West 2022). While
the court did not explicitly comment on the weight of the evidence against defendant, it referenced
defendant’s statements to the investigating officer, in which defendant admitted to repeatedly
sexually assaulting A.L., and the account of S.T., a witness who heard the victim’s screams and
found defendant alone with A.L. See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(2) (West 2022). Regarding the history
and characteristics of defendant, the trial court found that defendant’s alleged actions of turning
off the bedroom cameras and claiming to change A.L.’s diaper to be aggravating factors that
indicated his actions were “premeditated and deceitful.” See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(3) (West 2022).
The trial court also found, based on defendant’s statements that he had repeatedly sexually
assaulted A.L., that defendant was “likely impulsive” and “likely unable to control his actions.”
See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(3) (West 2022). From the parents forbidding defendant to change A.L.’s
diaper and information that they knew defendant was sexually active, the court inferred that the
parents likely did not want him alone with A.L. because they felt that he was likely a danger to
her. See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(4) (West 2022). The trial court found that defendant is a threat to
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the personal safety of A.L., referencing that she is noncommunicative, confined to a wheelchair,
and unable to defend herself. See 725 ILCS 5/110-5(a)(4) (West 2022). The trial court concluded
that “the defendant’s alleged deceitful actions of repeated abuse against his 13-year-old sister,
abuse that is alleged to be violent causing physical injuries to the alleged victim and likely causing
emotional trauma to A.L., make him a risk to the community.”
¶ 26 Defendant asserts that the trial court’s ruling on this proposition was influenced by its
erroneous finding that he lacked concern for A.L. According to defendant, “there was nothing in
the record regarding Defendant’s lack of concern for the victim.” We reject this argument. The
trial court noted that the synopsis reflects that defendant continued to abuse A.L. even though he
was aware that he was physically injuring her. The trial court acknowledged defendant’s
statements to investigators of repeatedly sexually assaulting A.L. The trial court referenced the
witness account of A.L.’s screams when she was found in the locked bedroom with defendant.
Further, the trial court detailed A.L.’s injuries, assessed by her pediatrician, as including vaginal
trauma and abrasions and perineal tears and lacerations. Based on this circumstantial evidence and
additional evidence proffered by the State, the trial court’s finding that defendant lacked concern
for the victim is not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 27 Relatedly, defendant argues that the trial court failed to properly consider specific
conditions of the proposed placement at Onarga that would have mitigated any threat to the victim
or the community. These mitigating factors, according to defendant, included EHM while at
Onarga, authorization to stay at the facility without weekend or holiday breaks, security measures
staff could take to prevent him from leaving, Onarga’s agreement to report any violations, that any
contact with minors at the facility would be “almost guaranteed to be supervised,” the 3-1 resident
to staff ratio, the 24/7 staffing, nightly room checks, facility cameras, and the prohibition of cell
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phones and internet access. However, the trial court cogently communicated its concerns with the
proposed Onarga placement at several hearings. The court concluded that Onarga, as a residential
facility, was not secure and could not prevent defendant from leaving without authorization. It
opined that placement at Onarga would result in defendant having unsupervised contact with
minors, and, in fact, might give defendant “an opportunity to prey on or abuse younger residents.”
Thus, despite defendant’s contention, the trial court did weigh the mitigating factors presented by
defendant, but found they would not adequately mitigate the threat defendant posed to the named
victim and to the community. We therefore reject defendant’s argument.
¶ 28 Defendant further asserts that the State failed to provide valid reasoning or evidence why
EHM at Onarga would not have mitigated any threat to the victim. Here, defendant truncates the
finding of the court, where he was found to pose a real and present threat to the safety of not only
the victim, but also to other persons or the community, based on the specific articulable facts of
this case. Putting that aside, defendant’s argument fails upon further review. In support of his
argument, defendant cites People v. Turner, 2024 IL App (1st) 232082-U, ¶ 21, for the proposition
that “[a]side from simply restating the alleged facts that resulted in the charges, the State must at
a minimum present some discussion, reasoning, and or evidence as to why specific alternative
conditions will not work.” Defendant’s reliance on this case is unpersuasive, as Turner indicates
that the appellate court stated, “[b]ased on the record before [it], where there were no alternatives
to detention presented or argument made as to why such alternatives were unsuitable, we cannot
find that the State met its burden under the Code.” (Emphasis added.) Turner, 2024 IL App (1st)
232082-U, ¶ 21. Defendant’s case is easily distinguishable from Turner because the State offered
several reasoned arguments why placement at Onarga with EHM was unsuitable. At the March
18, 2024, hearing, the State proffered evidence from school records that documented repeated
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inappropriate sexual contact between defendant and other nonfamilial members aside from the two
sisters, thus calling into question the idea that defendant would not be tempted to re-offend if he
was not around his sisters. In addition to the observation that Onarga is not a secure facility, the
State questioned its suitability because defendant is an adult, not a ward of the state, and thus
surmised that it was unclear whether Onarga would have any grounds at all to keep him within the
facility against his will. As for EHM, the State was not convinced the sheriff would permit EHM
at the facility, and, even if it did, the State questioned how that would prevent defendant from
attempts to “violate or offend against other people who might be living there.” We find that the
State did argue and present evidence beyond, as defendant argues, merely “point[ing] out that
Onarga is not a locked facility.” Thus, this argument fails.
¶ 29 B. Trial Court’s Findings
¶ 30 In his final argument, defendant contends that the court violated section 110-6.1(h)(1) of
the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(h)(1) (West 2022)), which requires:
“a written finding summarizing the court’s reasons for concluding that the defendant
should be denied pretrial release, including why less restrictive conditions would not avoid
a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community, based on
the specific articulable facts of the case.” 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(h)(1) (West 2022).
Specifically, defendant contends that the detention order fails to comply with the Act because
“[n]owhere in the order does it state why less restrictive conditions would not ensure the safety of
the victim or the community.” It is true that the written detention order did not include a summary
of reasons for denying defendant pretrial release. Nonetheless, we do not find a violation of the
written-findings requirement here. In People v. Andino-Acosta, 2024 IL App (2d) 230463, ¶ 19,
this court concluded that “an explicit and individualized oral ruling may satisfy section 110-
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6.1(h)(1),” and “in assessing the sufficiency of a trial court’s findings, its written findings must be
read in conjunction with its oral pronouncements.”
¶ 31 We therefore consider whether the trial court satisfied the standard of an explicit and
individualized ruling in its oral pronouncements. Indeed, we find that at the April 18, 2024,
detention hearing, the trial court offered an analysis of the factors concerning the determination of
dangerousness, in accord with section 110-6.1(g) of the Act (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(g) (West 2022))
and clearly stated the reasons why it found less restrictive conditions would not avoid the threat to
safety. Accordingly, the intent of the Act’s written requirement, to “apprise the defendant of the
reasons for its ruling and to accommodate review under the Act,” has been satisfied here. See
Andino-Acosta, 2024 IL App (2d) 230463, ¶ 22; People v. Vance, 2024 IL App (1st) 232503, ¶ 33
(“[T]ranscribed oral ruling provided a more than sufficient basis for appellate review and explained
to [the] defendant the court’s reasoning.”); People v. Hodge, 2024 IL App (3d) 230543, ¶ 11,
(finding that the trial court’s hearing with its order was sufficient to fully consider the court’s
decision). We reject defendant’s final argument.
¶ 32 In short, we do not find that the trial court’s factual findings were against the manifest
weight of the evidence, or that its ultimate decision to detain defendant constituted an abuse of
discretion.
¶ 33 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 34 For the reasons set forth above, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of DeKalb
County.
¶ 35 Affirmed.
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