People v. Taber

648 N.E.2d 342, 271 Ill. App. 3d 576, 207 Ill. Dec. 886, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 201
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedMarch 27, 1995
Docket4-93-0778
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 648 N.E.2d 342 (People v. Taber) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Taber, 648 N.E.2d 342, 271 Ill. App. 3d 576, 207 Ill. Dec. 886, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 201 (Ill. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

JUSTICE STEIGMANN

delivered the opinion of the court:

In June 1993, a jury convicted defendant, Gary E. Taber, of aggravated battery at a public place of amusement (720 ILCS 5/12— 4(b)(8) (West 1992)), and the trial court later sentenced him to probation. Defendant appeals, arguing that (1) the trial court failed to properly instruct the jury; (2) the trial court improperly permitted him to be impeached by prior convictions; (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel; and (4) the State failed to prove him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Because we agree with defendant’s first contention, we reverse and remand for a new trial.

I. BACKGROUND

Because of the disposition in this case, we need not review the facts at length. Essentially, this case arose out of a bar fight. The State’s witnesses identified defendant as the aggressor; defendant claims he struck the alleged victim, David Whitaker, in self-defense.

II. ANALYSIS

A. The Jury Instructions

At the conference on instructions, the State tendered People’s instruction No. 13, which was based upon Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal, No. 11.16 (3d ed. 1992) (hereinafter IPI Criminal 3d), and which stated as follows:

"To sustain the charge of aggravated battery at a public place of amusement, Count I, the State must prove the following propositions:
First: That the defendant knowingly caused bodily harm to David Whitaker; and
Second: That the defendant did so while on or about a public place of amusement ***.
If you find from your consideration of all the evidence that each one of these propositions has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt, you should find the defendant guilty.
If you find from your consideration of all the evidence that any one of these propositions has not been proved beyond a reasonable doubt, you should find the defendant not guilty.”

Defendant objected, pointing out that he was asserting self-defense and People’s instruction No. 13 did not contain the necessary third proposition, which should provide as follows: "Third: That the defendant was not justified in using the force which he used.” Defendant then tendered a substitute instruction, which was identical to People’s instruction No. 13 except for the addition of this third proposition. In response, the prosecutor claimed that her instruction was in accordance with the Committee Note to IPI Criminal 3d No. 11.16, which was "included in the new volume of IPI *** [and which] indicated [it] is not necessary to include in [the issues instruction the] language [which defendant offered] anymore.” The trial court apparently accepted the State’s explanation, overruled defendant’s objection to People’s instruction No. 13, and gave it to the jury.

On appeal, defendant asserts that the trial court’s action constituted error because he testified that he only struck the alleged victim in self-defense, thus meeting the "some evidence” standard that requires the trial court to instruct the jury on self-defense. (See People v. Kite (1992), 153 Ill. 2d 40, 44-45, 605 N.E.2d 563, 565.) In response, the State does not contend that defendant failed to present "some evidence” on the issue of self-defense or that the trial court acted properly by rejecting the issues instruction tendered by defendant. (On this record, the State’s decision to do neither is understandable because either position would be totally groundless.) Instead, the State asserts that the instructions, when viewed as a whole, adequately informed the jury of the State’s burden of proof. We emphatically disagree.

In support of its argument, the State cites the following instruction, based upon IPI Criminal 3d No. 11.15, that the trial court gave to the jury:

"A person commits the offense of aggravated battery at a place of public amusement, Count I, when he knowingly, without legal justification, and by any means causes bodily harm to another person, and in doing so, he is on or about a public place of amusement.” (Emphasis added.)

The problem with the State’s argument is that this instruction fails to address the State’s burden of proof. Thus, had the jury relied upon People’s instruction No. 13 as a correct statement by the court of the task the jury was to perform, it could have found that the State had proved both propositions beyond a reasonable doubt and convicted defendant accordingly, even though it might have believed defendant acted with justifiable use of force. Thus, the trial court’s overruling defendant’s objection to People’s instruction No. 13 constituted reversible error. See People v. Berry (1984), 99 Ill. 2d 499, 506, 460 N.E.2d 742, 745; People v. Brophy (1981), 96 Ill. App. 3d 936, 943, 422 N.E.2d 158, 164.

We further note that the prosecutor totally mischaracterized the Committee Note to IPI Criminal 3d No. 11.16, which states in part as follows:

"Whenever the jury is to be instructed on an affirmative defense, it is necessary to use the phrase 'without legal justification’ in Instruction 11.15 (see Committee Note to Instruction 11.15) [the definitional instruction], and this instruction must be combined with the appropriate instructions from Chapter 24 — 25.00. Since the additional proposition or propositions that will thereby be included will require the jury to find that the defendant acted without legal justification, the Committee has concluded that the phrase 'without legal justification’ need not be used in this issues instruction.” (Emphasis added.) (IPI Criminal 3d No. 11.16, Committee Note, at 365.)

The "appropriate instruction” from chapter 24 — 25.00 that applied in the present case was IPI Criminal 3d No. 24 — 25.06A, which reads as follows: "_________ Proposition: That the defendant was not justified in using the force which he used.” Thus, contrary to the prosecutor’s representations to the trial court, the Committee Note to IPI Criminal 3d No. 11.16 requires precisely the modification defendant offered — and the court rejected — when "some evidence” of self-defense has been presented.

We also note that the State submitted — and the trial court gave— IPI Criminal 3d No. 24 — 25.06, which reads as follows: "A person is justified in the use of force when and to the extent that he reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself against the imminent use of unlawful force.” The Committee Note to IPI Criminal 3d No. 24 — 25.06 contains the following direction: "Give Instruction 24 — 25.06A.” (Emphasis added.) (IPI Criminal 3d No. 24 — 25.06, Committee Comment, at 315.) Again, IPI Criminal 3d No. 24 — 25.06A is the instruction defendant tendered that the trial court refused when the State objected.

B.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
648 N.E.2d 342, 271 Ill. App. 3d 576, 207 Ill. Dec. 886, 1995 Ill. App. LEXIS 201, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-taber-illappct-1995.