People v. Strauss

2017 NY Slip Op 8215, 155 A.D.3d 1317, 64 N.Y.S.3d 771
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided November 22, 2017·No. 108146·Published·Cited by 10 cases

Opinion

McCarthy, J.P.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Madison County (McDermott, J.), rendered November 5, 2015, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crimes of burglary in the second degree (two counts) and petit larceny.

In connection with two home invasions, defendant was charged with two counts of burglary in the second degree and one count of petit larceny under an accomplice liability theory. After a jury trial, during which defendant’s accomplice, Benjamin Phetteplace, testified against him, defendant was convicted as charged and was sentenced, as a persistent violent felony offender, to 16 years to life in prison for each count of burglary in the second degree, to be served consecutively, and one concurrent year in jail for the petit larceny conviction. Defendant appeals.

The evidence presented at trial was legally sufficient to support the convictions and the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence. A person commits burglary in the second degree by knowingly entering a dwelling with the intent to commit a crime therein (see Penal Law § 140.25 [2]; People v Furman, 152 AD3d 870, 871 [2017]). Petit larceny involves knowingly stealing property (see Penal Law § 155.25). Regarding accessorial liability, as is relevant here, “[w]hen one person engages in conduct which constitutes an offense, another person is criminally liable for such conduct when, acting with the mental culpability required for the commission thereof, he [or she] . . . intentionally aids such person to engage in such conduct” (Penal Law § 20.00; see People v Spencer, 152 AD3d 863, 864 [2017]).

It is undisputed that Phetteplace broke into two residences with the intent to steal items from both, and he took jewelry from one of the residences, all without permission of the owners. The only question was whether defendant was Phet-teplace’s accomplice in these crimes. Phetteplace testified that he and defendant discussed and agreed to commit burglaries, defendant drove the vehicle, helped pick out potential target houses, dropped Phetteplace off, and would listen to a scanner and alert Phetteplace if police were coming, and Phetteplace called defendant when he was done so that defendant could pick him up. Nevertheless, “[a] defendant may not be convicted of any offense upon the testimony of an accomplice unsupported by corroborative evidence tending to connect the defendant with the commission of such offense” (CPL 60.22 [1]; see People v Leduc, 140 AD3d 1305, 1306 [2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 932 [2016]). “The corroborating evidence, however, need not prove that the defendant committed the charged crime; rather it is enough if it tends to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime in such a way as may reasonably satisfy the [jury] that the accomplice is telling the truth” (People v Slaughter, 150 AD3d 1415, 1416 [2017] [internal quotation marks, brackets and citations omitted]; see People v Furman, 152 AD3d at 873).

Other evidence corroborated Phetteplace’s testimony. Defendant’s girlfriend testified that, on the night in question, the two men left together and defendant said they were going out to make money. The arresting police officer saw defendant’s vehicle stuck in a snowbank a mile from the location of a burglar alarm call. Defendant was in the driver’s seat and stated that he had been forced off the road, but no other vehicle tracks were present in the newly fallen snow to substantiate his story. Fresh footprints in the snow led from the location of the second burgled residence (the location of the burglar alarm call) to the vehicle. When the same officer returned by tracking the footprints, he noticed jewelry thrown in the snow near defendant’s vehicle. That jewelry was later identified by its owner as having been stolen from the first burgled residence. When defendant was asked for the whereabouts of his “partner,” defendant answered that he was in the woods. Police tracked footprints that led away from defendant’s vehicle into the woods, eventually capturing Phetteplace. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People, this corroborating evidence, along with Phetteplace’s testimony, provided legally sufficient evidence to satisfy every element of the crimes with which defendant was charged (see People v Garcia, 131 AD3d 732, 733 [2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 997 [2016]; People v Brown, 62 AD3d 1089, 1090 [2009], lv denied 13 NY3d 742 [2009]). Considering the evidence in a neutral light, and according deference to the jury’s credibility determinations, defendant’s convictions for burglary in the second degree and petit larceny under a theory of accomplice liability are supported by the weight of the credible evidence (see People v Furman, 152 AD3d at 875; People v Ruiz, 148 AD3d 1212, 1215 [2017]; People v Anderson, 118 AD3d 1138, 1142 [2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 1117 [2015]).

County Court did not err in finding that probable cause existed to support defendant’s arrest. The determination of a suppression motion by a hearing court is accorded great weight and will generally not be disturbed unless the record demonstrates that the court’s legal conclusion or resolution of credibility issues was clearly erroneous (see People v Williams, 25 AD3d 927, 928 [2006], lv denied 6 NY3d 840 [2006]). “Probable cause . . . ‘does not require proof sufficient to warrant a conviction beyond a reasonable doubt but merely information sufficient to support a reasonable belief that an offense has been or is being committed’ ” (People v Guthrie, 25 NY3d 130, 133 [2015] [emphasis omitted], quoting People v Bigelow, 66 NY2d 417, 423 [1985]).

At the suppression hearing, the arresting officer testified that defendant’s story about being forced off the road was not supported by swerve marks or tire tracks that would indicate another vehicle was involved. The officer was aware of a burglar alarm call and that another officer had arrived and determined that an actual burglary had occurred. The other officer relayed that a single set of fresh footprints in the snow led away from the house, so the arresting officer began following the footprints along the rural road and traced them back to defendant’s vehicle. Although he had not seen any jewelry when he first encountered defendant 15 minutes earlier, upon his return, the officer saw jewelry thrown in the snow near the passenger side of the vehicle. County Court held that defendant, who “was found in close geographic and temporal proximity to the [second burglary],” offered “an implausible explanation” for his disabled vehicle and that, together with the fresh footprints leading to his vehicle from the crime scene and jewelry scattered in the snow, there was “ample probable cause” to support defendant’s arrest. While defendant presented plausible alternative explanations, and it was later discovered that the jewelry had not been taken from the nearby burgled residence, the officer’s testimony was not incredible as a matter of law and the record supports County Court’s determination that the officer had a reasonable belief that a crime had been committed. Accordingly, we will not disturb that determination.

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People v. Strauss, 2017 NY Slip Op 8215, 155 A.D.3d 1317, 64 N.Y.S.3d 771 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2017).

2017 NY Slip Op 8215 (People v. Strauss) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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