People v. Sifford

617 N.E.2d 499, 247 Ill. App. 3d 562, 187 Ill. Dec. 291, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1103
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJuly 23, 1993
Docket3-92-0781
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 617 N.E.2d 499 (People v. Sifford) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Sifford, 617 N.E.2d 499, 247 Ill. App. 3d 562, 187 Ill. Dec. 291, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1103 (Ill. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

PRESIDING JUSTICE McCUSKEY

delivered the opinion of the court:

The defendant, Roger D. Sifford, pleaded guilty to indecent liberties with a child and was sentenced to a term of eight years’ imprisonment. He appeals. After reviewing the record and considering the defendant’s arguments, we reverse his conviction.

On August 30, 1990, the defendant was charged with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault and one count of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, pars. 12-14, 12-16).

On September 5, 1990, the State filed an amended information to reflect the law in effect at the time of the alleged conduct. The amended information charged the defendant with two counts of indecent liberties with a child (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1983, ch. 38, par. 11—4). It specifically alleged that the defendant committed one act of deviate sexual conduct in April 1984 and a second act between the summer of 1983 and the summer of 1984.

Following the imposition of sentence, the defendant wrote a letter to the trial judge stating that he wanted to appeal. The trial judge reappointed the defendant’s trial counsel. Defense counsel subsequently filed a motion to withdraw the guilty plea.

On October 6, 1992, a hearing was held on the motion. During his testimony, the defendant referred to an ex post facto violation. In arguing the motion, defense counsel stated that what the defendant meant by ex post facto was that the statute of limitations had run as to the indecent liberties charges. Defense counsel went on to state:'

“And today — I don’t remember; I thought I had checked that at one time — and now Judge McReynolds, but then the Public Defender, began representing him at the time when I think those analyses would have probably been made, and I notice that the amendment was made with the consent of the defendant to the Class 1, which, of course, benefits him.”

At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court denied the defendant’s motion to withdraw the guilty plea.

On appeal, the defendant argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel because he pleaded guilty to indecent liberties with a child after the statute of limitations for that offense had expired. We agree with the defendant’s argument.

The present statute of limitations for criminal offenses provides that for a handful of specified offenses, there is no limitation period. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 3—5(a).) Otherwise, there is a three-year limitation period for all other unspecified felonies, unless the limitation period is extended by section 3—6 of the Criminal Code of 1961. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 3—5(b).) The part of section 3 — 6 pertinent to the case at hand states:

“When the victim is under 18 years of age, a prosecution for criminal sexual assault, aggravated criminal sexual assault, criminal sexual abuse or aggravated criminal sexual abuse may be commenced within one year of the victim attaining the age of 18 years.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 3 — 6(d).

The defendant contends that because indecent liberties with a child is not specifically listed as an offense that is subject to an extended statute of limitations, the limitation period for his crime was three years. Consequently, the defendant argues that the applicable limitation period had expired when the defendant was charged. Again, we agree.

In response, the State argues that the legislature properly extended the statute of limitations for the charged offenses. The State submits that when section 3 — 6(d) took effect on August 15, 1986, the statute of limitations for the charged offenses had not expired. The State therefore contends that the extension was proper because the legislature has the power to extend the statute of limitations for an offense so long as the extension is accomplished prior to the expiration of the original limitations period. (People v. Anderson (1973), 53 Ill. 2d 437, 292 N.E.2d 364.) The State concedes that indecent liberties is not specifically listed in section 3 — 6(d). However, it submits that the extension was applied to indecent liberties through section 27 of Public Act 83— 1067 (Pub. Act 83—1067, §27, eff. July 1, 1984), which states:

“The provisions of this amendatory Act insofar as they are the same or substantially the same as those of any prior statute, shall be construed as a continuation of such prior statute and not as a new enactment.”

See Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 12—12.

We are not persuaded by the State’s argument. Here, the statutory language in sections 3 — 5 and 3 — 6 is certain and unambiguous. Therefore, we do not need to look elsewhere to discern the clear meaning of the statute. The statute must be applied as its plain language dictates. People v. Robinson (1982), 89 Ill. 2d 469, 433 N.E.2d 674.

Indecent liberties is not one of the specified offenses listed in section 3 — 5(a), nor is it listed in section 3 — 6(d) as an offense having an extended statute of limitations. (See People v. Strait (1977), 52 Ill. App. 3d 599, 367 N.E.2d 768.) Further, for the purposes of this appeal, we do not view any of the crimes enumerated in section 3 — 6(d) as a continuation of the indecent liberties charge. In this regard, we note that the State’s argument was implicitly rejected in the following cases, which held that the criminal sexual assault and abuse law of 1984 substantially changed the law governing sex offenses in Illinois. People v. Blake (1991), 221 Ill. App. 3d 586, 582 N.E.2d 183; People v. Fisher (1985), 135 Ill. App. 3d 502, 481 N.E.2d 1233.

The State further argues that defense counsel made a tactical decision not to raise a statute of limitations defense to the indecent liberties charge. In support of its argument, the State claims that the defendant could have been charged with a Class X felony for aggravated criminal sexual assault instead of the Class 1 felony of indecent liberties with a child.

The statute creating the offense of aggravated criminal sexual assault took effect on July 1, 1984. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 38, par. 12—14.) However, the amended information states that the defendant’s crimes occurred between the summer of 1983 and the summer of 1984. In addition, the State did not charge aggravated criminal sexual assault in the amended information. Based on the foregoing, we disagree with the State’s contention that “it is quite likely that the last offense occurred after July 1, 1984.”

We further note that the decision to waive the statute of limitations must be knowingly made by the defendant and not by his attorney. (People v. Brocksmith (1992), 237 Ill. App. 3d 818, 604 N.E.2d 1059

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Bluebook (online)
617 N.E.2d 499, 247 Ill. App. 3d 562, 187 Ill. Dec. 291, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1103, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-sifford-illappct-1993.