People v. Ruano

635 N.E.2d 449, 263 Ill. App. 3d 534, 200 Ill. Dec. 110, 1994 WL 51154, 1994 Ill. App. LEXIS 207
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedFebruary 22, 1994
DocketNo. 1—92—0900
StatusPublished

This text of 635 N.E.2d 449 (People v. Ruano) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Ruano, 635 N.E.2d 449, 263 Ill. App. 3d 534, 200 Ill. Dec. 110, 1994 WL 51154, 1994 Ill. App. LEXIS 207 (Ill. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

PRESIDING JUSTICE CAMPBELL

delivered the opinion of the court:

Following a jury trial in the circuit court of Cook County, defendants Jose Ruano and Jesus Prado were each found guilty of attempted murder and aggravated discharge of a weapon. Ruano and Prado were sentenced to 24 and 21 years, respectively, in the Illinois Department of Corrections. Defendant Ruano now appeals.

The record on appeal indicates the following facts. Ruano and Prado were charged with three counts of attempted murder and three counts of aggravated discharge of a weapon. It was alleged that on September 7, 1991, the two men fired handguns at or in the direction of Chicago police officers Edmund Leracz and Jack Hines as well as a television photographer and producer named John Wright in the vicinity of the intersection of 88th Street and Commercial Avenue.

Officers Leracz and Hines testified that they were detectives with the Area 2 Violent Crimes Division of the Chicago police department on Sept. 7, 1991, when they were assigned to investigate a fatal shooting at the corner of 88th and Houston at approximately 2 a.m. Leracz testified that upon reaching the intersection, four to six males fired upon him; Leracz pursued the men across Commercial Avenue toward Exchange. Leracz testified that Ruano was one of the men he was chasing. Leracz indicated that he next saw Ruano in the back of a squad car driven by officers who were also involved in the pursuit.

Officer Hines testified that when he heard gunfire at the intersection, he exited the squad car and drew his weapon. Hines indicated that shots came across the front of the squad car. Hines testified that he saw Prado point a gun and fire in his direction. Hines fired five return shots; Prado fell to the ground, but then arose, stumbled and fled the scene. Hines testified that he saw Prado again in the custody of Area 2 detectives. Hines testified that he stated that Prado was the one who shot at him and that he thought he had hit Prado. The other officers replied that Hines did hit Prado and pointed at Prado’s leg.

John Wright testified that he was videotaping a street sign at the intersection of 88th and Houston when he heard a bullet fly over his head, striking the sign and the lights on his camera. Wright testified that he saw four to six people shooting on the northwest corner of the intersection. Wright indicated that it appeared from the muzzle flashes that two people were firing at him and that the others were firing at Officer Leracz. Wright testified that he saw one of the men very distinctly. Wright videotaped a portion of the incident; this tape was shown to the jury. After the shooters fled with the police in pursuit, Wright got into his car then met up with several police cars. Wright testified that he identified Ruano at that time as the person who fired at him. Wright also testified that he identified Ruano again in a lineup at Area 2 headquarters.

Robert Berk, a trace evidence analyst with the Chicago police department crime laboratory, testified that he analyzed a gunshot residue test of Ruano’s hands and that, the results of this test were positive, suggesting that Ruano had handled, been in close proximity to or fired a weapon. Berk also testified that the elements found in the test are present in other substances and can be transferred from hand to hand.

John Gorman, another detective with the Area 2 Violent Crimes Division of the Chicago police department, testified regarding a conversation he had with Prado following the arrest. According to Gorman, Prado was shown a picture of Ruano. Gorman testified that Prado indicated that Ruano had been with him that night. Prado later testified that he had indicated that he had seen Ruano earlier in the evening, but had not said that he saw Ruano at the intersection of 88th and Commercial.

Assistant State’s Attorney Peter Fischer testified regarding a conversation he had with Ruano following the arrest. Fischer testified that Ruano identified himself as a member of a street gang called the Dragons. According to Fischer, Ruano initially denied involvement with the shooting at 88th and Houston, but later admitted that he had gone with four other Dragons to retaliate for the shooting of members of an allied gang called the Very Mellow Peoples by a rival gang known as the Spanish Gangster Disciples. According to Fischer, Ruano stated that it was other Dragons who fired on people at the intersection of 88th and Houston.

Following closing arguments and jury instructions, the jury found Ruano and Prado guilty of attempted murder and aggravated discharge of a weapon. Ruano and Prado were sentenced to 24 and 21 years, respectively, in the Illinois Department of Corrections. Ruano now appeals.

I

Defendant initially contends that he was denied his rights to a unanimous jury verdict and a fair trial by non-pattern jury instructions that combined the defendants and the charges. Defendant concedes that his counsel failed to object to the instructions at trial, which normally results in waiver of the objection on appeal. However, defendant contends that this court should consider the objections pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rules 451(c) and 615(a) (134 Ill. 2d Rules 451(c), 615(a)).

In this case, however, defendant makes no attempt to argue that the evidence here is closely balanced. Thus, defendant has failed to show that the interests of justice require a departure from the standard rules of waiver in this case.

Assuming arguendo that the objections were preserved, they would fail to persuade this court. Defendant’s strongest objection is that the first district, third division, recently held that it was plain error to provide only one set of verdict forms where three counts were charged. (People v. Scott (1993), 243 Ill. App. 3d 167, 169, 612 N.E.2d 7, 9.) However, the first district, first division, has expressly declined to follow Scott. (People v. Diaz (1993), 244 Ill. App. 3d 268, 273, 614 N.E.2d 268, 272.) The Diaz opinion also distinguished Scott, noting that the defendant in that case was charged for three unconnected transactions instead of one transaction or series of connected acts. (Diaz, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 273, 614 N.E.2d at 272; see Scott, 243 Ill. App. 3d at 168, 612 N.E.2d at 8.) This case arises out of a single shooting incident.

Moreover, while Diaz was concerned more with the instructions than the verdict forms at issue in Scott, the Diaz court referred to the rule that a general verdict is presumed to be based on any charge to which the proof is applicable. (Diaz, 244 Ill. App. 3d at 273, 614 N.E.2d at 272.) Defendant claims that the verdict forms in this case are not general, but the case upon which defendant relies for this proposition, People v. Manning (1943), 320 Ill. App. 143, 50 N.E.2d 118, does not support this assertion. In Manning, the jury rendered a verdict which made findings as to some elements of a charge, but not others. In contrast, the jury here rendered a general verdict as to each offense charged, as required by the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 38, par. 115—4(j); see also People v. Clark (1979), 71 Ill. App.

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Related

People v. Diaz
614 N.E.2d 268 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1993)
People v. Leger
597 N.E.2d 586 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1992)
People v. Wilkerson
429 N.E.2d 526 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1981)
People v. Scott
612 N.E.2d 7 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1993)
People v. Clark
389 N.E.2d 911 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1979)
People v. Perruquet
368 N.E.2d 882 (Illinois Supreme Court, 1977)
People v. Manning
50 N.E.2d 118 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1943)

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Bluebook (online)
635 N.E.2d 449, 263 Ill. App. 3d 534, 200 Ill. Dec. 110, 1994 WL 51154, 1994 Ill. App. LEXIS 207, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-ruano-illappct-1994.