People v. Rogers

983 P.2d 121, 1999 Colo. J. C.A.R. 1496, 1999 Colo. App. LEXIS 58, 1999 WL 144119
CourtColorado Court of Appeals
DecidedMarch 18, 1999
DocketNo. 97CA1081
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 983 P.2d 121 (People v. Rogers) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Colorado Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Rogers, 983 P.2d 121, 1999 Colo. J. C.A.R. 1496, 1999 Colo. App. LEXIS 58, 1999 WL 144119 (Colo. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

Opinion by

Judge BRIGGS.

Defendant, Robert R. Rogers, appeals the trial court’s order denying, without a hearing, his Crim. P. 35(c) motion. In the motion, he asserted, among other things, that he was entitled to an “administrative review process” before his sentence to a community corrections program could be revoked. We [122]*122reverse the order and remand for further proceedings.

I.

Defendant was charged with possession of a controlled substance and pled guilty. Instead of sentencing him to the custody of the Department of Corrections (DOC) for imprisonment, the sentencing court imposed a sentence of four years in a community corrections facility.

As a condition of his sentence to the community corrections program, defendant was required to submit to periodic drug testing by urinalysis. One of these tests was positive for the presence of cocaine metabolite, which indicated that defendant had been using cocaine. If true, he would have been in violation of the regulations imposed by the community corrections program and subject to termination from the program.

At defendant’s own expense, an additional test was performed the next day. Unlike the first test, the results of this test were negative. In addition, the original urine sample was re-tested the following day. The results were again negative.

Nevertheless, a few days later, defendant’s non-residential ease manager wrote to defendant’s probation officer. The letter stated that, because a urinalysis test was positive for cocaine metabolite, defendant was in violation of the program’s regulations. He was therefore being terminated from the program. The letter indicated it had been “reviewed” by the “Executive Director of Programs.”

The probation officer applied for and received a warrant to revoke defendant’s direct sentence to community corrections. Defendant was then brought before the trial court and resentenced to the custody of the DOC to serve the remainder of his sentence.

II.

Defendant contends that, before resentenc-ing, he was entitled to review of the determination that he had violated the community correction program’s regulations. He asserts that he did not receive appropriate review and the district court therefore erred when it denied his Crim. P. 35(c) motion without a hearing. In the circumstances presented here, we agree.

Initially, we reject defendant’s contention that he had a constitutional right to an evidentiary hearing before he could be terminated from his community corrections program and resentenced to a term of imprisonment. The supreme court has determined that a defendant has no constitutionally protected interest in remaining in a community corrections program. As a result, a defendant has no constitutional right to an evidentiary hearing, or any other review, before or after termination from a program. People v. Wilhite, 817 P.2d 1017 (Colo.1991); see also People v. Abdul, 935 P.2d 4 (Colo.1997).

However, the General Assembly has amended the Community Corrections Act to provide a statutory right to an “administrative review process” when an offender placed in a community corrections program is rejected after acceptance. See § 17-27-101, et seq., C.R.S.1998; People v. Benz, 983 P.2d 117 (Colo.App.1999). Thus, we must determine whether defendant was afforded his statutory rights.

The administrative review process can be provided by one of three entities: 1) the “referring agency,” which, as here, may be the sentencing court; 2) the community corrections board, which will typically have authorized the establishment of the community correction program; or 3) the community corrections program. Sections 17-27-102 to 17-27-104, C.R.S.1998.

Pursuant to § 17-27-102(1), C.R.S.1998, “administrative review process” means:

a sequence of actions that includes mitten notification to an offender of the decision to reject and terminate program placement, a brief explanation of the reason for the termination, instructions for the offender to request review of the action of the community corrections board or community corrections program, and a method for the community corrections board or community corrections program to infor[123]*123mally review the rejection and termination. (emphasis added)

Here, the record does not indicate that defendant received written notification of the termination decision and instructions informing him that he could request administrative review of the decision. The People nevertheless assert that defendant, in fact, received two administrative review processes, one at the time the case manager reported defendant’s positive drug screen to his probation officer, the other during the proceedings at the resentencing hearing. We are not persuaded.

A.

The report to defendant’s probation officer, which stated that defendant was being terminated from the program because he had tested positive for cocaine metabolite, was signed by defendant’s case manager. The signature is followed by a notation, “Reviewed by:,” and then the signature of the “Executive Director of Programs.” This report does not reflect the required administrative review, for several reasons.

When the rejection after acceptance is initiated by the community corrections program for an alleged violation of a program regulation, two steps must be taken before the offender can be resentenced to the custody of the DOC for imprisonment. First, the “administrator” of the community corrections program must make the determination that the offender has violated program regulation. Second, either the referring agency or the community corrections program must provide the offender a process for administrative review of that determination. Section 17-27-104(5), C.R.S.1998.

As to the first step, the Act does not define the term “administrator.” The term must therefore be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage. Section § 2-4-101, C.R.S.1998; Pearson v. District Court, 924 P.2d 512 (Colo.1996). In common usage, and as applicable in this context, “administrator” means one who administers, such as an officer appointed to govern or to superintend the affairs of a government agency. Webster’s Third Ne%u International Dictionary 28 (1986).

We initially note that the only person who appears to have actually “determined” that defendant had violated the terms of his sentence to community corrections was defendant’s “non-residential case manager.” While this person obviously monitored defendant’s conduct in the program, nothing in the report indicates that this person was functioning as the community program administrator.

We also note that the report does not mention the negative test results obtained from the later testing and from the retesting of the original urine sample. Nothing else in the record indicates that the case manager took into consideration the later negative test results, which were available at the time the termination decision was made.

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Related

People v. Rogers
9 P.3d 371 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2000)

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983 P.2d 121, 1999 Colo. J. C.A.R. 1496, 1999 Colo. App. LEXIS 58, 1999 WL 144119, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-rogers-coloctapp-1999.