NOTICE 2024 IL App (5th) 231099 Decision filed 02/05/24. The text of this decision may be NO. 5-23-1099 changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for Rehearing or the disposition of IN THE the same. APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Washington County. ) v. ) No. 23-CF-86 ) MILTON E. ROBINSON, ) Honorable ) Daniel J. Emge, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BOIE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justice Moore concurred in the judgment and opinion. Presiding Justice Vaughan dissented, with opinion.
OPINION
¶1 The defendant, Milton E. Robinson, appeals the November 1, 2023, order of the circuit
court of Washington County, granting the State’s petition to deny pretrial release and ordering him
detained. The defendant was arrested and detained prior to the effective date of Public Act 101-
652 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023), commonly known as the Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today
(SAFE-T) Act (Act). 1 Because the defendant was arrested and detained prior to the date the Act
went into effect, that portion of our decision regarding the timeliness of the State’s petition to
detain is relevant to only those defendants who were arrested and detained prior to the effective
1 “The Act has also sometimes been referred to in the press as the Pretrial Fairness Act. Neither name is official, as neither appears in the Illinois Compiled Statutes or public act.” Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 4 n.1. 1 date of the Act. For the following reasons, we affirm the circuit court’s detention order of
November 1, 2023. 2
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 On July 25, 2023, the defendant was charged by information with three counts of
committing the offense of first degree murder in violation of sections 9-1(a)(1) and 9-1(a)(2) of
the Criminal Code of 2012 (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1), (2) (West 2022)), 3 in Washington County. On
the same day, the circuit court conducted a first appearance hearing, appointed counsel to represent
the defendant, and set a bond hearing for July 27, 2023. Also, on July 25, 2023, a pretrial
investigation report regarding the defendant was filed for the circuit court’s consideration. On July
27, 2023, the circuit court conducted a bond hearing and set bond in the amount of $1 million,
requiring a deposit of 10%. The circuit court also imposed additional conditions of release,
including that the defendant (1) refrain from illicit drugs and alcohol use, be subject to random
testing, and be required to report to pretrial services, (2) complete substance abuse and mental
health evaluations, (3) follow any and all recommendations from those evaluations, and (4) have
no contact with three named individuals. The defendant did not post monetary bail and remained
in pretrial detention.
¶4 The Act became effective on September 18, 2023. See Pub. Acts 101-652, § 10-255, 102-
1104, § 70 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023); Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 52 (lifting stay and setting
2 Pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(h)(5) (eff. Dec. 7, 2023), our decision in this case was due on or before January 12, 2024, absent a finding of good cause for extending the deadline. Based on the high volume of appeals under the Act currently under the court’s consideration, as well as the complexity of issues and the lack of precedential authority, we find there to be good cause for extending the deadline. 3 On August 7, 2023, the State filed a bill of indictment alleging the same three counts and adding two more counts of first degree murder in violation of section 9-1(a)(3) of the Criminal Code of 2012 (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(3) (West 2022)). 2 effective date as September 18, 2023). Pretrial release is governed by the Act as codified in article
110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725 ILCS 5/art. 110 (West 2022)).
¶5 Following discovery and several court appearances, the circuit court entered a written order
on October 10, 2023, granting the State seven days to file a petition for pretrial detention. The
circuit court also entered a docket entry on October 10, 2023, stating that the “Defendant requests
the Court to reconsider his conditions of release.” On October 11, 2023, the State filed a verified
petition to deny pretrial release pursuant to section 110-6.1 of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1 (West
2022)). The State’s petition alleged that the proof was evident and the presumption great that the
defendant had committed a qualifying offense listed in section 110-6.1(a) of the Code (id. § 110-
6.1(a)) and that the defendant was charged with an offense under section 110-6.1(a)(1), (1.5) or
(3) through (7) of the Code (id. § 110-6.1(a)(1), (1.5), (3)-(7)). The State’s petition further alleged
that the defendant posed a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the
community. Accordingly, the State requested that the circuit court deny the defendant’s pretrial
release.
¶6 The circuit court conducted a hearing on the State’s petition on November 1, 2023, 4 and
issued an order of detention the same day. The circuit court’s detention order stated that the circuit
court had already found that probable cause existed pursuant to a hearing under section 109-3 of
the Code (id. § 109-3) or a grand jury had returned a true bill of indictment against the defendant.
The circuit court further found, by clear and convincing evidence, that the defendant met the
dangerousness standard, that the defendant posed a real and present threat to the safety of any
person or persons or the community, and that no condition or combination of conditions could
The circuit court’s detention order incorrectly states that the circuit court conducted the hearing 4
on the State’s petition to detain on October 11, 2023, which is the date that the State’s petition was filed; however, the report of proceedings demonstrates that the detention hearing was conducted on November 1, 2023. 3 mitigate the real and present threat to the safety of any person or person or the community.
Accordingly, the circuit court granted the State’s petition and ordered the defendant committed to
the custody of the county jail.
¶7 On November 7, 2023, the defendant filed a timely notice of appeal utilizing the Notice of
Pretrial Fairness Act Appeal 604(h) (Defendant as Appellant) standardized form provided by the
Illinois Supreme Court. Ill. S. Ct. R. 604(h) (eff. Oct. 19, 2023). The Office of the State Appellate
Defender (OSAD) was appointed to represent the defendant in this appeal. Rule 604(h)(2) provides
that an appellant may file, but is not required to file, a memorandum within 21 days of the filing
of the Rule 328 supporting record. As such, the defendant’s memorandum was due on or before
December 8, 2023. The defendant failed to file a memorandum prior to December 8, 2023;
however, on December 14, 2023, the defendant’s counsel filed a motion to file a Rule 604(h)
memorandum, instanter, stating that the failure to file the memorandum was due to an
administrative error. On December 15, 2023, this court granted the defendant’s motion, and we
will consider the defendant’s memorandum.
¶8 II. ANALYSIS
¶9 On appeal, the defendant argues that the circuit court erred when it granted the State’s
petition to detain because the State did not have the authority to file a petition to deny pretrial
release due to the timing requirements of section 110-6.1(c)(1). 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(c)(1) (West
2022). The defendant argues that, pursuant to section 110-6.1(c), a petition to detain must be filed
at the first appearance or within 21 days of the defendant’s release. Id. The defendant further argues
that when no timely petition has been filed and a defendant has been held on an unpaid bond, the
State lacks the authority to file a petition to detain, citing section 110-7.5(b), People v. Vingara,
2023 IL App (5th) 230698, and People v. Rios, 2023 IL App (5th) 230724. Accordingly, the
defendant argues that this matter should be remanded to allow the defendant an opportunity to 4 choose between requesting a hearing on his conditions of release or remaining on his previous
conditions of release, including the condition of monetary bond.
¶ 10 The defendant further argues that, although the above issue was not listed in the defendant’s
notice of appeal, it is not forfeited since there is nothing in the circuit court’s admonishments
following a detention hearing that would put the defendant on notice that omitting an issue from
the notice of appeal would result in the forfeiture of that issue. In support of this argument, the
defendant asks this court to compare the required admonishments set forth in Illinois Supreme
Court Rule 605 (eff. Sept. 18, 2023). This argument, therefore, requires this court to interpret Rule
605, and presents a question of law that we review de novo. People v. Gorss, 2022 IL 126464,
¶ 10. In doing so, we apply the same principles that govern statutory construction. Id.
¶ 11 It is well established that our primary goal in interpreting a rule is to ascertain and give
effect to the drafters’ intent, of which its language is the best indicator. Id. We consider the rule as
a whole and give the words used by the drafters their plain and ordinary meaning, thereby ensuring
that no part is rendered meaningless or superfluous. Id.; see also People v. Hilton, 2023 IL App
(1st) 220843, ¶ 16. We further do not depart from the plain language of the rule by reading into it
any unexpressed exceptions, limitations, or conditions, and we presume that the drafters did not
intend an absurd, inconvenient, or unjust result. Gorss, 2022 IL 126464, ¶ 10.
¶ 12 If a rule’s language is ambiguous such that the drafters’ intent is not apparent from its face,
this court may use tools of statutory construction to help determine the drafters’ intent. See People
v. Roberts, 214 Ill. 2d 106, 117 (2005); People v. Foster, 2021 IL App (2d) 190116, ¶ 11. One
such tool of statutory construction is the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius (expressio
unius); meaning, the expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. Roberts, 214 Ill. 2d at
117. Expressio unius maintains that if the drafters explicitly include certain language in one section
5 of a rule, the exclusion of that language in another section can be interpreted as intentional. See
generally Foster, 2021 IL App (2d) 190116, ¶ 11.
¶ 13 Here, the defendant states that subsections (a)-(c) of Rule 605 all require that the circuit
court advise a defendant that the failure to raise an issue or claim of error within a written motion
filed in the circuit court would result in the forfeiture of that issue or claim of error on appeal. Ill.
S. Ct. R. 605(a)(3)(C) (eff. Sept. 18, 2023) (“that any issue or claim of error regarding the sentence
imposed or any aspect of the sentencing hearing not raised in the written motion shall be deemed
waived”); id. § 605(b)(6) (“that in any appeal taken from the judgment on the plea of guilty any
issue or claim of error not raised in the motion *** shall be deemed waived”); id. § 605(c)(6) (“that
in any appeal taken from the judgment on the plea of guilty any issue or claim of error not raised
in the motion *** shall be deemed waived”).
¶ 14 The defendant argues that subsection (d) of Rule 605, which pertains to the entry of an
order under the Act, states that the right to appeal an order under the Act will be preserved only if
a notice of appeal under Rule 604(h) is filed. The defendant notes that subsection (d) does not
contain any language regarding the forfeiture of any issue or claim of error. As such, the defendant
argues that, since there is no admonishment requirement that would put a defendant on notice that
omitting an issue from the notice of appeal would result in the forfeiture of that issue, all issues
and claims of error are preserved by properly filing a notice of appeal under Rule 604(h). The State
did not provide a response to this argument.
¶ 15 At this point, we find it relevant to note that the terms “forfeiture” and “wavier” have been
used interchangeably, and often incorrectly, in criminal cases. People v. Sophanavong, 2020 IL
124337, ¶ 20. Each term relates to a specific manner in which a right may be relinquished.
“Forfeiture” is defined as a procedural default for the failure to make a timely assertion of a right,
and “waiver,” on the other hand, is the intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known 6 right. Id. Rule 605 uses the term “waiver” in subsections (a)-(c), since it is in regard to the rights
that are known to the defendant having been admonished by the circuit court. In this matter, the
defendant is arguing, and we are addressing, a “forfeiture” issue since the defendant failed to make
a timely assertion of his right to raise an issue or claim within his notice of appeal.
¶ 16 The purpose of an admonishment is to inform the defendant concerning matters that have
been deemed necessary to make a proper decision. See generally People v. Saleh, 2013 IL App
(1st) 121195, ¶ 16; People v. Phillips, 242 Ill. 2d 189, 200 (2011); People v. Dougherty, 394 Ill.
App. 3d 134, 138 (2009). Our review of subsections (a)-(c) evinces that each of these sections
require a specific written motion to be filed in order to perfect an appeal. The waiver language in
subsections (a)-(c) of Rule 605 relates to the written motion and informs a defendant that the failure
to raise an issue or claim of error within the written motion would deprive that defendant of a
perfected appeal, and thus, the opportunity to raise the issue or claim of error on appeal would be
waived. As such, the plain language of subsections (a)-(c) clearly states that waiver applies to the
written motion since there is no mention of the notice of appeal within the waiver language.
¶ 17 Subsection (d) of Rule 605, however, does not require a written motion to perfect an appeal
and only lists three admonishments that the circuit court is required to give a defendant following
an order entered pursuant to the Act. Ill. S. Ct. R. 605(d) (eff. Sept. 18, 2023). Those
admonishments are as follows:
“(1) that the defendant has a right to appeal and, if indigent, to be furnished, without
cost to the defendant, with a transcript or audiovisual communication or other electronic
recording of the proceedings of the hearing;
(2) that the defendant, if indigent, has the right to have counsel appointed on appeal;
and
7 (3) that the right to appeal the order will be preserved only if a Notice of Appeal
under Rule 604(h) is filed in the circuit court within 14 days from the date on which the
order is entered.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 605(d) (eff. Sept. 18, 2023).
¶ 18 Under expressio unius, we find that the drafters’ language—which explicitly included a
written motion and a waiver admonishment requirement in subsections (a)-(c) of Rule 605, while
excluding that language in subsection (d)—to be intentional, as the drafters could have included
such language in subsection (d) and did not do so. Since subsection (d) of Rule 605 contains no
requirement for a written motion in order to perfect an appeal, there is no need of an admonishment
to inform the defendant that failure to raise an issue or claim of error within the written motion
would result in the waiver of that issue or claim of error. Further, this court cannot depart from the
plain language of the rule by reading into it any unexpressed exceptions, limitations, or conditions.
Gorss, 2022 IL 126464, ¶ 10. If this court would agree with the defendant’s argument that a
defendant must be admonished to include all issues or claims of error in the notice of appeal in
order to avoid waiver, we would be reading into subsection (d) a condition not required by the
rule; an action we are prohibited from performing.
¶ 19 Although subsection (d) of Rule 605 does not contain a waiver provision, it does require
an admonishment that “the right to appeal the order will be preserved only if a Notice of Appeal
under Rule 604(h) is filed in the circuit court within 14 days from the date on which the order is
entered.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 605(d)(3) (eff. Sept. 18, 2023). Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(h) (eff.
Oct. 19, 2023) states that the notice of appeal shall describe the relief requested and the grounds
for the relief requested. As such, an appellant’s notice of appeal, taken in conjunction with the
appellant’s memorandum, must still contain “the relief requested and the ground for the relief
requested” to avoid forfeiture. See People v. Wetzel-Connor, 2023 IL App (2d) 230348-U, ¶ 20
(defendant did not elaborate upon his grounds for requested relief in notice of appeal but opted to 8 file a memorandum describing those grounds, thus the court and the State were in receipt of the
defendant’s grounds for requested relief); People v. Stewart, 2024 IL App (4th) 230839-U, ¶ 12
(“notice of appeal was sufficient to put defendant on notice of what the State was appealing, and
the State did file a memorandum explaining its contentions of error”).
¶ 20 We further note that courts have generally held that the failure to object to an alleged error
at the lower court level also forfeits the right to present that issue or claim of error on appeal.
People v. Carlson, 79 Ill. 2d 564, 576 (1980). A criminal defendant who fails to object to an error
has forfeited the error, precluding review of the error on appeal. People v. Herron, 215 Ill. 2d 167,
175 (2005). “The rationale behind this result is ‘because failure to raise the issue at trial deprives
the circuit court of an opportunity to correct the error, thereby wasting time and judicial
resources.’ ” People v. Presley, 2023 IL App (5th) 230970, ¶ 28 (quoting People v. Jackson, 2022
IL 127256, ¶ 15). “This forfeiture rule also prevents criminal defendants from sitting idly by and
knowingly allowing an irregular proceeding to go forward only to seek reversal due to the error
when the outcome of the proceeding is not favorable.” Jackson, 2022 IL 127256, ¶ 15. As such,
although not subject to waiver, any issue or claim of error not properly objected to in the lower
court and raised within the notice of appeal, taken in conjunction with any memorandum, remains
subject to forfeiture.
¶ 21 In this matter, the defendant failed to object to the State’s petition to detain and failed to
raise the issue of timeliness of the State’s petition in the circuit court. Thus, the defendant has
forfeited this issue on appeal. Forfeiture, however, is a “ ‘limitation on the parties and not the
reviewing court, and we may overlook forfeiture where necessary to obtain a just result or maintain
a sound body of precedent.’ ” People v. Gray, 2023 IL App (3d) 230435, ¶ 9 (quoting People v.
Holmes, 2016 IL App (1st) 132357, ¶ 65). Given the recent enactment of the Act and the
9 developing case law, we elect to overlook the defendant’s forfeiture of this issue but take no
position on forfeiture in future cases.
¶ 22 We will now address the defendant’s argument that the circuit court erred when it granted
the State’s petition to detain because the State did not have the authority to file a petition to deny
pretrial release due to the timing requirements of section 110-6.1(c)(1). 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(c)(1)
(West 2022). The defendant is correct that this court has held in Vingara, 2023 IL App (5th)
230698, ¶ 18, and Rios, 2023 IL App (5th) 230724, ¶ 12, that when no timely petition has been
filed and a defendant has been held on an unpaid bond, the State lacks the authority to file a petition
to detain due to the timing requirements of section 110-6.1.
¶ 23 In this matter, however, the defendant, unlike the defendants in Vingara and Rios, had
requested that the circuit court reconsider his conditions of release, as indicated by the circuit
court’s docket entry of October 10, 2023. There is no report of proceeding from the October 10,
2023, hearing within the record on appeal; nor was any bystander report or agreed statement of
facts provided as allowed under Rule 323(a). Ill. S. Ct. R. 323(a) (eff. July 1, 2017). It has long
been held that
“an appellant has the burden to present a sufficiently complete record of the proceedings
at trial to support a claim of error, and in the absence of such a record on appeal, it will be
presumed that the order entered by the trial court was in conformity with law and had a
sufficient factual basis.” Foutch v. O’Bryant, 99 Ill. 2d 389, 391-92 (1984).
“Any doubts which may rise from the incompleteness of the record will be resolved against the
appellant.” Id. at 392. Pursuant to the directive in Foutch, this court must presume that defendant’s
request to “reconsider his conditions of release” on October 10, 2023, could only stem from section
110-7.5(b) requiring a hearing under section 110-5(e). 725 ILCS 5/110-7.5(b) (West 2022).
10 ¶ 24 When a defendant requests reconsideration of his conditions of release, pursuant to the
Code, “[a]t that point, ‘the matter returns to the proverbial square one, where the defendant may
argue for the most lenient pretrial release conditions, and the State may make competing
arguments.’ ” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Carter, 2024 IL App (5th) 230977-U,
¶ 15 (quoting People v. Jones, 2023 IL App (4th) 230837, ¶ 23). Although the defendant argues
that the State’s petition was not timely pursuant to section 110-6.1(c)(1), this court has found that
a petition to deny pretrial release—filed in response to a defendant’s requests for reconsideration,
modification, or removal of previously set conditions of pretrial release—falls with section 110-
6(g) of the Code (725 ILCS 5/110-6(g) (West 2022)). See Carter, 2024 IL App (5th) 230977-U,
¶ 20; People v. Cummings, 2023 IL App (5th) 231001-U, ¶ 24; see also Gray, 2023 IL App (3d)
230435, ¶ 14.
¶ 25 Section 110-6(g) of the Code provides that “[t]he court may, at any time, after motion by
either party or on its own motion, remove previously set conditions of pretrial release, subject to
the provisions in this subsection.” 725 ILCS 5/110-6(g) (West 2022). Section 110-6 further
provides that “[n]othing in this Section shall be construed to limit the State’s ability to file a
verified petition seeking denial of pretrial release under subsection (a) of Section 110-6.1 or
subdivision (d)(2) of Section 110-6.1.” Id. § 110-6(i). Therefore, the State’s petition to deny
pretrial release, filed in response to the defendant’s request that the circuit court reconsider his
previously set conditions of release, was properly filed and considered by the circuit court.
¶ 26 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 27 For the reasons stated, we affirm the November 1, 2023, detention order of the circuit court
of Washington County.
¶ 28 Affirmed.
11 ¶ 29 PRESIDING JUSTICE VAUGHAN, dissenting:
¶ 30 I agree with the majority’s interpretation of Illinois Supreme Court Rules 604(h)(2) (eff.
Oct. 19, 2023) and 605(d) (eff. Sept. 18, 2023). However, I disagree with the majority’s finding
that cases return to the “ ‘proverbial square one’ ” after a defendant moves for reconsideration of
pretrial conditions (internal quotation marks omitted) (People v. Carter, 2024 IL App (5th)
230977-U, ¶ 15 (quoting People v. Jones, 2023 IL App (4th) 230837, ¶ 23)).
¶ 31 First, the Jones decision reached an opposite conclusion to that presented in People v. Rios,
2023 IL App (5th) 230724, ¶ 16, and People v. Vingara, 2023 IL App (5th) 230698, ¶ 23. See
Jones, 2023 IL App (4th) 230837, ¶¶ 19-22 (respectfully disagreeing with the decisions in Rios
and Vingara finding that the State’s petitions were untimely filed). The decision in Jones
specifically found that the State was not barred by the timing restrictions in section 110-6.1(c) and
found “the statutory interpretation in Vingara and Rios leads to absurd results.” Id. ¶¶ 20-21. The
Jones court further stated that “the holdings in Vingara and Rios prevent the State from responding
to a defendant’s motion for pretrial release” (id. ¶ 23) and then goes on to presciently note the
irreconcilability of the decisions by stating, “However, following the logic presented in those
cases, once a defendant elects ‘to have their pretrial conditions reviewed anew’ [citation], the
matter returns to the proverbial square one, where the defendant may argue for the most lenient
pretrial release conditions, and the State may make competing arguments.” Id. The Jones court
clearly questioned the validity of the Rios and Vingara decisions, and therefore, my colleagues’
reliance on Jones, or any other case quoting Jones, is confounding.
¶ 32 Second, I believe Jones incorrectly states that the case “goes back to the proverbial square
one.” While the State may argue for increased conditions of pretrial release when a defendant files
a motion to modify pretrial conditions, the statute does not allow for the State to request detention
as if the case were newly filed. The Act only allows the State to bring a verified petition requesting 12 detention “at the first appearance before a judge, or within the 21 calendar days *** after arrest
and release of the defendant upon reasonable notice to defendant” (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(c)(1)
(West 2022)) or if the State presents “a verified application setting forth in detail any new facts
not known or obtainable at the time of the filing of the previous petition” (id. § 110-6.1(d)(2)).
¶ 33 Section 110-6(g) allows a court to add or increase conditions of pretrial release (id. § 110-
6(g)), but a request to detain is not, and cannot be, a condition of pretrial release. A “bail condition”
is defined as “[a] limitation placed on the grant of a criminal defendant’s bail.” (Emphasis added.)
Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019). Conversely, “detention” is defined as “[t]he act[,] or an
instance of holding a person in custody; confinement or compulsory delay.” Id. Our own and other
appellate courts use “detention” or “denial of pretrial release” interchangeably. See People v.
Houts, 2023 IL App (5th) 230715-U, ¶ 8; Rios, 2023 IL App (5th) 230724, ¶ 10; Vingara, 2023 IL
App (5th) 230698, ¶ 16; People v. Martin, 2023 IL App (4th) 230826, ¶ 26; People v. Robinson,
2023 IL App (2d) 230345-U, ¶ 7; People v. Inman, 2023 IL App (4th) 230864, ¶ 11 (citing section
for denial of pretrial release but stating detention); People v. Whitmore, 2023 IL App (1st) 231807,
¶ 11 (same). Detention cannot be a condition of release when a defendant who is ordered detained
could never be released under any condition. Detention is not the most restrictive condition of
pretrial release; it is an outright denial of pretrial release.
¶ 34 My colleagues further overlook that section 110-6(g) allows the court to increase pretrial
conditions only pursuant to a hearing under section 110-6. 725 ILCS 5/110-6(g) (West 2022).
There are two types of hearings under section 110-6—revocation hearings (id. § 110-6(a)) and
sanction hearings (id. § 110-6.1(b)-(d)). Neither apply here.
¶ 35 The State may file a petition to revoke pretrial release and request detention only where
(1) a defendant was previously granted pretrial release for a felony or Class A misdemeanor and
was later charged with a felony or Class A misdemeanor that occurred while defendant was on 13 pretrial release or (2) the defendant was previously provided pretrial release conditions and was
subsequently charged with violation of a protective order or was previously convicted of a
violation of a protective order and the subject of the protective order is the same person as the
victim in the current matter. Id. § 110-6(a). All other defendants may not have their pretrial release
revoked, and the court’s authority is limited to imposing sanctions for violations of pretrial release
(id. § 110-6(b)-(d)), which include a written or verbal admonishment, a modification of
defendant’s pretrial conditions, or imprisonment in the county jail for a period not exceeding 30
days (id. § 110-6(f)). Since there is no allegation that defendant here committed a crime during
pretrial release or violated any condition of his pretrial release, section 110-6(g) is inapplicable by
its own terms.
¶ 36 What is important to note is that the State had the authority to request defendant’s detention
before the effective date of the Act. 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(a) (West 2020). Here, by deciding not to
file a petition requesting pretrial detention at defendant’s first appearance, the State acquiesced in
allowing defendant’s pretrial release. To allow the State to later request detention in response to a
defendant’s motion to modify conditions of release—without some intervening event—has no
basis in either the current or former statute. See id. § 110-6.1(a) (only allowing for verified petition
by the State to deny bail if petition is filed at the first appearance or within 21 calendar days after
defendant’s arrest and release); 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(c)(1) (West 2022) (same); 725 ILCS 5/110-
6(f) (West 2020) (allowing for revocation of bail if defendant committed a forcible felony or Class
2 or greater offense under an Act related to controlled substances, cannabis, or methamphetamine,
or statutorily listed charges involving aggravated battery and unlawful restraint against the same
victim that is a family or household member of the previous charge); 725 ILCS 5/110-6(a) (West
2022) (allowing revocation of pretrial release for defendant who have been previously granted
pretrial release for a felony or Class A misdemeanor and later charged with a felony or Class A 14 misdemeanor that occurred while defendant was on pretrial release or if the defendant was
previously provided pretrial release conditions and is charged with violation of a protective order
or was previously convicted of a violation of a protective order and the subject of the protective
order is the same person as the victim in the current matter).
¶ 37 As such, the “proverbial square one” is a misnomer. Timeliness for requesting a
defendant’s detention has, in modern times, always been required early in the case. 725 ILCS
5/110-6.1(a) (West 2022); 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(a) (West 2020). Requesting detention, or a
revocation of pretrial release conditions, is not a moving target that depends on whether the
defendant later files for a modification of pretrial release conditions. The State’s opportunity to
determine whether it wishes to allow for pretrial release (which previously included bail) or to
request defendant’s detention is limited under both the current and prior statutes. Similarly, under
both the prior and current statute, a petition to revoke pretrial release has always required an
intervening event. Compare 725 ILCS 5/110-6(a) (West 2022); 725 ILCS 5/110-6(a) (West 2020).
¶ 38 Here, the State’s petition requested denial of pretrial release under section 110-6.1.
However, such petition was untimely under both Vingara and Rios because pretrial release
conditions were established prior to the filing of the State’s petition. Vingara, 2023 IL App (5th)
230698, ¶ 23; Rios, 2023 IL App (5th) 230724, ¶ 16. Moreover, the State could not meet any of
the criteria required for revocation of those pretrial conditions under section 110-6(a). As stated
above, a request to detain is not an increase in pretrial release conditions under section 110-6(g).
Accordingly, I find the court’s order denying pretrial release was contrary to law.
¶ 39 Although defendant forfeited this error, my colleagues decided it prudent to overlook
defendant’s forfeiture in this case. For the purposes of this case, I adhere to my colleagues’
determination to overlook forfeiture but find the case should be reversed and remanded.
¶ 40 For these reasons, I dissent. 15 People v. Robinson, 2024 IL App (5th) 231099
Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Washington County, No. 23-CF- 86; the Hon. Daniel J. Emge, Judge, presiding.
Attorneys James E. Chadd, Carolyn R. Klarquist, and Jonathan Krieger, of for State Appellate Defender’s Office, of Chicago, for appellant. Appellant:
Attorneys Patrick Delfino and David J. Robinson, of State’s Attorneys for Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of Springfield, for the People. Appellee: