People v. Prouty

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: September 8, 2008
• Docket: 2-07-0111 Rel
• Status: Published

Opinion

No. 2--07--0111 Filed: 9-8-08 ______________________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court OF ILLINOIS, ) of Lake County. ) Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) No. 06--CF--2826 ) EDMUND T. PROUTY, ) Honorable ) Mitchell L. Hoffman, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE McLAREN delivered the opinion of the court:

After a bench trial, defendant, Edmund T. Prouty, was convicted of aggravated driving under

the influence of alcohol (DUI) (625 ILCS 5/11--501(d)(1)(A) (West 2006)). The trial court treated

the offense as a Class 2 felony and sentenced defendant to three years' imprisonment. The court

denied defendant's motion to reconsider his sentence, and he appeals.

On appeal, defendant argues that he should have been sentenced for a Class 4 felony, not a

Class 2 felony. Defendant asserts that Public Act 94--116 (Pub. Act 94--116, eff. January 1, 2006),

insofar as it changed the law by making aggravated DUI a Class 2 felony, was implicitly repealed

by Public Act 94--609 (Pub. Act 94--609, eff. January 1, 2006). We hold that, because the two acts

do not irreconcilably conflict, the second did not repeal the first. Thus, we affirm.

The indictment against defendant alleged that, on April 28, 2006, he committed aggravated

DUI (625 ILCS 5/11--501(d)(1)(A) (West 2006)) by committing DUI (625 ILCS 5/11--501(a) (West No. 2--07--0111

2006)) for the third or subsequent time. The indictment stated that aggravated DUI was a Class 2

felony. The trial court found defendant guilty and sentenced him to three years' imprisonment, the

minimum for a Class 2 felony (730 ILCS 5/5--8--1(a)(5) (West 2006)).

Defendant moved to reconsider the sentence, arguing that, under subsection (d)(2) of section

11--501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code (625 ILCS 5/11--501(d)(2) (West 2006)), aggravated DUI was

a Class 4 felony. (We shall refer to section 11--501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code as "the DUI

statute.") Defendant cited the DUI statute generally but did not rely on Public Act 94--609. The trial

court denied the motion, observing that Public Act 94--116 had made aggravated DUI a Class 2

felony (see Pub. Act 94--116, §5, eff. January 1, 2006). Defendant timely appealed.

On appeal, defendant contends that, although Public Act 94--116, which was enacted May

16, 2006, amended subsection (d)(2) of the DUI statute to make aggravated DUI a Class 2 felony,

Public Act 94--609, which was enacted May 20, 2006, deleted the language that Public Act 94--116

had added and thus repealed the amendment. The State responds that the two acts can be reconciled

so as to effectuate the legislature's intent to make aggravated DUI a Class 2 felony.

Defendant asserts a claim that he did not raise at the trial level. However, we may review

his contention for plain error, as sentencing defendant under a nonexistent law would obviously

violate his substantial rights. See People v. Fields, No. 1--06--3182, slip op. at 3 (June 30, 2008)

(argument that defendant was improperly sentenced under Class X felony sentencing statute instead

of Class 2 felony sentencing statute was reviewed for plain error).

Before Public Act 94--116 was enacted, subsection (d)(2) of the DUI statute provided that,

with exceptions not pertinent here, a person convicted of aggravated DUI was guilty of a Class 4

-2- No. 2--07--0111

felony. 625 ILCS 5/11--501(d)(2) (West 2004). Public Act 94--116 amended subsection (d)(2) as

follows:

"Except as provided in this paragraph (2) and in paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection

(c--1), a person convicted of aggravated driving under the influence of alcohol, other drug

or drugs, or intoxicating compound or compounds, or any combination thereof is guilty of

a Class 4 felony. For a violation of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) of this subsection (d),

the defendant, if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, shall be sentenced to not less than one

year nor more than 12 years. Except as provided in paragraph (4) of subsection (c--1),

aggravated driving under the influence of alcohol, other drug, or drugs, intoxicating

compounds [sic] or compounds, or any combination thereof as defined in subparagraph (A)

of paragraph (1) of this subsection (d) is a Class 2 felony. Aggravated driving under the

influence of alcohol, other drug or drugs, or intoxicating compound or compounds, or any

combination thereof as defined in subparagraph (F) of paragraph (1) of this subsection (d)

is a Class 2 felony, for which the defendant, if sentenced to a term of imprisonment, shall be

sentenced to: (A) a term of imprisonment of not less than 3 years and not more than 14 years

if the violation resulted in the death of one person; or (B) a term of imprisonment of not less

than 6 years and not more than 28 years if the violation resulted in the deaths of 2 or more

persons. For any prosecution under this subsection (d), a certified copy of the driving

abstract of the defendant shall be admitted as proof of any prior conviction. Any person

sentenced under this subsection (d) who receives a term of probation or conditional discharge

must serve a minimum term of either 480 hours of community service or 10 days of

imprisonment as a condition of the probation or conditional discharge. This mandatory

-3- No. 2--07--0111

minimum term of imprisonment or assignment of community service may not be suspended

or reduced by the court." Pub. Act 94--116, §5, eff. January 1, 2006.

As pertinent here, Public Act 94--116 also amended subsection (c--1) of the DUI statute as

"(2) A person who violates subsection (a) a third time, if the third violation occurs

during a period in which his or her driving privileges are revoked or suspended where the

revocation or suspension was for a violation of subsection (a), Section 11--501.1, paragraph

(b) of Section 11--401, or for reckless homicide as defined in Section 9--3 of the Criminal

Code of 1961, is guilty of a Class 2 Class 3 felony.

***

(3) A person who violates subsection (a) a fourth or subsequent time, if the fourth or

subsequent violation occurs during a period in which his or her driving privileges are

revoked or suspended where the revocation or suspension was for a violation of subsection

(a), Section 11--501.1, paragraph (b) of Section 11--401, or for reckless homicide as defined

by Section 9--3 of the Criminal Code of 1961, is guilty of a Class 2 felony and is not eligible

for a sentence of probation or conditional discharge." Pub. Act 94--116, §5, eff. January 1,

2006.

Public Act 94--609, enacted four days later, with the same effective date of January 1, 2006,

includes all of the subsections of the DUI statute. It contains the following version of subsection

(d)(2):

"Except as provided in this paragraph (2), a person convicted of aggravated driving

under the influence of alcohol, other drug or drugs, or intoxicating compound or compounds,

-4- No. 2--07--0111

or any combination thereof is guilty of a Class 4 felony. For a violation of subparagraph (C)

of paragraph (1) of this subsection (d), the defendant, if sentenced to a term of imprisonment,

shall be sentenced to not less than one year nor more than 12 years. Aggravated driving

under the influence of alcohol, other drug or drugs, or intoxicating compound or compounds,

or any combination thereof as defined in subparagraph (F) of paragraph (1) of this subsection

(d) is a Class 2 felony, for which the defendant, unless the court determines that

extraordinary circumstances exist and require probation if sentenced to a term of

imprisonment, shall be sentenced to: (A) a term of imprisonment of not less than 3 years and

not more than 14 years if the violation resulted in the death of one person; or (B) a term of

imprisonment of not less than 6 years and not more than 28 years if the violation resulted in

the deaths of 2 or more persons. For any prosecution under this subsection (d), a certified

copy of the driving abstract of the defendant shall be admitted as proof of any prior

conviction. Any person sentenced under this subsection (d) who receives a term of probation

or conditional discharge must serve a minimum term of either 480 hours of community

service or 10 days of imprisonment as a condition of the probation or conditional discharge.

This mandatory minimum term of imprisonment or assignment of community service may

not be suspended or reduced by the court." Pub. Act 94--609, §5, eff. January 1, 2006.

Public Act 94--609 contains subsection (c--1) as it read before the enactment of Public Act

94--116. The language removed by section 94--116 is not italicized, and the language that Public

Act 94--116 added is absent, not stricken out.

Subsection (d)(1)(F) of the DUI statute is the same in both public acts. It states that a person

commits aggravated DUI when, in committing DUI, he is involved in a motor vehicle, snowmobile,

-5- No. 2--07--0111

all-terrain vehicle, or watercraft accident that results in the death of another person and the

commission of DUI is a proximate cause of the death. Pub. Act 94--116, §5, eff. January 1, 2006;

Pub. Act 94--609, §5, eff. January 1, 2006; see 625 ILCS 5/11--501(d)(1)(F) (West 2006).

Defendant contends that, although Public Act 94--116 amended subsection (d)(2) so as to

make aggravated DUI a Class 2 felony, Public Act 94--609 undid this change. Defendant observes

that, in Public Act 94--609, subsection (d)(2) lacks the language that Public Act 94--116 added to

make aggravated DUI a Class 2 felony. Defendant asserts that, because the two acts cannot be

reconciled, the latter controls, and he must be resentenced for a Class 4 felony. Further, he

maintains, the rule of lenity requires any ambiguity to be resolved in favor of the lesser penalty.

We begin with section 6 of the Statute on Statutes (5 ILCS 70/6 (West 2006)), which, as

pertinent here, provides:

"Two or more Acts which relate to [the] same subject matter and which are enacted

by the same General Assembly shall be construed together in such a manner as to give full

effect to each Act except in case of an irreconcilable conflict. In case of an irreconcilable

conflict, the Act last acted upon by the General Assembly is controlling to the extent of such

conflict. ***

An irreconcilable conflict between 2 or more Acts which amend the same section of

an Act exists only if the amendatory Acts make inconsistent changes in the section as it

theretofore existed." 5 ILCS 70/6 (West 2006).

If two acts may be construed so that both may stand, we must do so. People ex rel. Dickey

v. Southern Ry. Co., 17 Ill. 2d 550, 555 (1959); People v. Caraballo, 231 Ill. App. 3d 685, 687-88

-6- No. 2--07--0111

(1992). Our ultimate goal is to effectuate the intent of the legislature, which controls over "surface

inconsistencies" between two acts. Dickey, 17 Ill. 2d at 554.

Public Act 94--609 sets out subsection (d)(2) as it existed before Public Act 94--116 was

enacted. Public Act 94--116's amended subsection (d)(2) incorporates its amended subsection (c--1),

and Public Act 94--609 omits the pertinent changes to subsection (c--1). Thus, the acts do conflict.

However, we hold that they do not conflict irreconcilably and, to effectuate the legislature's intent,

we conclude that Public Act 94--609 does not undo Public Act 94--116.

We note that Public Act 94--609 does not explicitly repeal the amendments that Public Act

94--116 made; any repeal is by implication, from the omission of parts of subsection (d)(2) and the

omission of strikeout marks from the corresponding paragraphs of subsection (c--1). Per the second

paragraph of section 6 of the Statute on Statutes, an irreconcilable conflict between these two acts

exists only if they make inconsistent changes in the DUI statute "as it theretofore existed." 5 ILCS

70/6 (West 2004). The respects in which the two acts explicitly amend the original DUI statute are

not inconsistent. Public Act 94--609 makes a limited change to subparagraph (F) of subsection

(d)(1) of the DUI statute. That change is separate from those made by Public Act 94--116. Thus,

under section 6 of the Statute on Statutes, the inconsistencies are not irreconcilable.

Moreover, we believe that, had the legislature consciously intended to repeal what it had

passed four days earlier, it probably would have done so explicitly by striking out the language that

Public Act 94--116 had added to subsection (d)(2) and by restoring, through underlining, the

language that Public Act 94--116 had stricken from subsection (c--1). We note that the two acts

were passed only four days apart, suggesting that the drafters of Public Act 94--609 simply

overlooked what had just been added by Public Act 94--116. Such an inference is more plausible

-7- No. 2--07--0111

than positing that the legislators had a sudden change of heart but chose to express it by passive

indirection.

It is true that the general rule is that, when an act is amended so as to read as it is repeated

in the amendatory act, portions of the old law not repeated are deemed repealed. Caraballo, 231 Ill.

App. 3d at 687. However, this rule must yield to the command of section 6 of the Statute on

Statutes, as well as the imperatives of harmonizing legislative acts if reasonably possible and

effectuating the legislature's intent (see Caraballo, 231 Ill. App. 3d at 687).

Furthermore, for an act to repeal an earlier one by implication, there must be "such a total and

manifest repugnance that the two cannot stand together." Dickey, 17 Ill. 2d at 555. We do not

believe that that is the case here. The two acts "were intended to make separate and distinct changes"

to the DUI statute and, thus, may "be given effect without inconsistency." Dickey, 17 Ill. 2d at 555.

Public Act 94--116 amended the DUI statute so as to raise aggravated DUI from a Class 4 felony to

a Class 2 felony. The change made by Public Act 94--609 was much narrower, limiting the

discretion of a trial court to impose probation in the specific type of case in which the defendant's

commission of DUI proximately causes a fatal accident.

Public Act 94--609's mere omission of the changes made by Public Act 94--116 is

indistinguishable from the similar superficial inconsistency present in Dickey. There, the legislature

passed an act that, among other things, amended a statute to grant school districts the authority to

levy a transportation tax. A second act omitted the grant from the statute. The supreme court held

that, because the broad purpose of the first act was separate and distinct from the much narrower

purpose of the second act, "to adjust educational and building rates for certain districts," the second

-8- No. 2--07--0111

did not repeal the first by implication. Dickey, 17 Ill. 2d at 555-56. Here, the broad purposes of

Public Act 94--116 may coexist with the limited and distinct scope of Public Act 94--609.

Defendant relies on People ex rel. Hines v. Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern R.R. Co., 366 Ill.

318 (1937), to argue that the two acts are irreconcilably inconsistent. In Hines, the legislature passed

three consecutive acts amending a section of a statute that limited tax levies by counties. All three acts

set forth the section, as amended, in full. The first act created an exception to the taxation limit for

levies to fund relief for the blind. The second act created a similar exception for poor relief but omitted

the exception for relief for the blind. The third act created an exception for "mothers' pension fund[s]"

but omitted the other two exceptions. Hines, 366 Ill. at 321. None of the acts expressly repealed any

other act. The supreme court held that the third amendatory act conflicted irreconcilably with the prior

two acts and thus abolished the other two exceptions, meaning that the original tax limit still applied

to levies for the first two purposes but not to levies for mothers' pension funds. The court explained

that the third act repeated all of the original act other than the two exceptions that were created by the

two previous amendatory acts, and it concluded that the three amendatory acts were "obviously

repugnant as to the subject matter of exceptions." Hines, 366 Ill. at 322.

Although Hines bears some resemblance to this case, we note that, in Hines, the three

amendatory acts had similar purposes and were all focused on the narrow matter of exceptions to the

taxation limit established by a particular statutory section. Thus, the acts did not have separate and

distinct purposes as did those in Dickey or those here. Also, Hines, like Dickey, was decided before

the legislature enacted what is now section 6 of the Statute on Statutes. Finally, to the extent that

Hines is inconsistent with Dickey, we follow Dickey, the more recent opinion of our supreme court.

For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed.

-9- No. 2--07--0111

Affirmed.

BOWMAN and BURKE, JJ., concur.

-10-