People v. Peoples

390 N.E.2d 554, 71 Ill. App. 3d 842, 28 Ill. Dec. 387, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2554
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedMay 18, 1979
Docket78-480
StatusPublished
Cited by31 cases

This text of 390 N.E.2d 554 (People v. Peoples) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Peoples, 390 N.E.2d 554, 71 Ill. App. 3d 842, 28 Ill. Dec. 387, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2554 (Ill. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinion

Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE ALLOY

delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant Leroy Peoples appeals from his conviction for burglary in the Circuit Court of Kankakee County, following a jury trial. He was sentenced to a term of from 2 to 6 years imprisonment.

The trial court, pursuant to section 8 — 2—4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1977, ch. 38, par. 1008 — 2—4(b)), informed the defendant, prior to sentencing, that he had a right to elect to be sentenced under the law in effect at the time of his sentencing (being the new determinate sentencing in effect after February 1,1978). After defendant had been informed of the essential differences between the two sentencing schemes, defendant chose to be sentenced under the old sentencing law in effect at the time of his offense. In accordance with this election, as we have noted, the court sentenced him to a term of from 2 to 6 years in prison.

Defendant now appeals that sentence and challenges the sufficiency of the election given him by the trial court on “due process” and “equal protection” grounds. He argues that it is constitutionally required that defendants eligible to elect between the old and the new sentencing provisions be informed not only of the differences between the two laws, but also of the specific intended sentences which would be imposed under each sentencing scheme. It is argued that such information, of the precise sentence which would be imposed, is necessary in order for a defendant to make an informed and meaningful election.

Section 8 — 2—4(b) of the Unified Code of Corrections states:

“(b) Prosecution for any violation of law occurring before the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1977 is not affected or abated by this amendatory Act of 1977. If the defendant has not been sentenced before the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1977 [being February 1,1978], he shall have the right to elect to be sentenced under the law as it existed at the time of his offense or under the law in effect on and after the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1977. If a sentence has been imposed before the effective date of this amendatory Act of 1977, the defendant shall not have the right of election even though his case has not been finally adjudicated on appeal; however, where eligible, he shall have the rights provided by Section 3 — 3—2.1 of this Code.” Ill. Rev. Stat., 1978 Supp., ch. 38, par. 1008 — 2—4(b).

Defendant’s due process contentions are twofold. It is contended that the election provided for in section 8 — 2—4(b) is constitutionally required (citing People v. Hollins (1972), 51 Ill. 2d 68, 280 N.E.2d 710, and People v. Bedford (1st Dist. 1977), 53 Ill. App. 3d 1005, 369 N.E.2d 84). From this premise, defendant argues that in order for the constitutionally required election to be meaningful, and for any choice to be “informed,” that a defendant must be advised of the specific sentences that the court would impose under each sentencing scheme.

The difficulties with this argument are manifest. The principal difficulty is that the premise is faulty since the origin of the election provided in section 8 — 2—4(b) is statutory and not constitutional. There is no constitutional requirement that the election be given to the defendants. As recently stated by the Illinois Supreme Court in People v. Grant (1978), 71 Ill. 2d 551, 561, 377 N.E.2d 4, where the court discusses a constitutional challenge to this section:

«* o o ^ to elect to be sentenced under a law enacted after the date of the commission of a crime is not a constitutional right but a benefit conferred solely by statute. It is not unconstitutional for the legislature to confer such benefit only prospectively, neither is it unconstitutional for the legislature to specify ‘a classification between groups differently situated, so long as a reasonable basis for the distinction exists.’ [Citation.]”

In the case relied upon by the defendant, People v. Hollins (1972), 51 Ill. 2d 68, 280 N.E.2d 710, the defendant was denied his right to make an election between differing sentencing schemes. The supreme court emphasizing the great discrepancy in possible sentences for the defendant under the two schemes, concluded that the court’s failure to inform the defendant of his right to elect constituted a violation of due process. (51 Ill. 2d 68, 71.) However, in People v. Gonzalez (1974), 56 Ill. 2d 453, 308 N.E.2d 587, the Illinois Supreme Court indicated that Hollins should be limited to its facts and that a failure to advise a defendant of a right to make a sentencing election did not automatically constitute a constitutional violation. Neither case dealt with section 8 — 2—4(b), the section at issue before us, although the Gonzalez holding signaled the determination actually made in People v. Grant, from which we have quoted. As to section 8 — 2—4(b), the decision in People v. Grant, that the election therein provided is statutory and not constitutionally required, is dispositive of the question raised by the defendant. The cases cited by the defendant concerning the requirements for a waiver of constitutional rights are, accordingly, not applicable to the issue of what is necessary under the statute.

Since it is obvious that the election provided is statutory, we must look to the language of the statute to determine what is required. The statute determines what a defendant has a right to be informed of, prior to making the election. In examining the pertinent language of the statute, which has been set out previously, we find no indication that the legislature intended a defendant to be given a choice between specific sentences which would be imposed under each sentencing law. Section 8 — 2—4(b) gives the defendant the right to elect “to be sentenced under the law as it existed at the time of his offense or under the law in effect” after the effective date of the amendatory act of 1977. This section gives defendants the right to elect under which law they wish to be sentenced, not the right to elect which sentence a defendant would wish to be imposed. The election given is clearly between sentencing schemes and not sentences. The legislature contemplated sentencing by the court after an election by a defendant of which law should be applied. The practical effect of the construction contended by the defendant would be that the court would be required to set sentences before the election, and the defendant would then choose which sentence he preferred. We find no support for the defense position that the statute requires a defendant be given a choice between specific sentences. On this issue, in People v. Dozier (4th Dist. 1979), 67 Ill. App. 3d 611, 385 N.E.2d 155, 158, the appellate court, after reciting that although the section gives the defendant the right to elect to be sentenced, under either law as it existed at the time of his offense or the law in effect at the time of sentencing, stated:

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Bluebook (online)
390 N.E.2d 554, 71 Ill. App. 3d 842, 28 Ill. Dec. 387, 1979 Ill. App. LEXIS 2554, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-peoples-illappct-1979.