People v. Palmer

817 N.E.2d 137, 352 Ill. App. 3d 891, 288 Ill. Dec. 12, 2004 Ill. App. LEXIS 1256
Appellate Court of Illinois·Decided October 8, 2004·No. 4-03-0111, 4-03-0756 cons.·Published·Cited by 15 cases

Opinion

JUSTICE COOK

delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant, Billy D. Palmer, was found guilty of aggravated battery (720 ILCS 5/12 — 4(b)(1) (West 2002)) by a Champaign County jury on November 12, 2002. The circuit court sentenced him to 36 months’ intensive probation. Defendant violated the terms of his intensive probation, and the court resentenced him, this time to seven years in prison. Defendant appeals his conviction and sentence. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

On the morning of December 28, 2001, defendant was sleeping on the couch at his girlfriend’s apartment in Urbana. She had asked him to leave, but he refused, so she called her brother, Michael Bailey, who came to the apartment. Defendant and Bailey exchanged words, defendant punched Bailey in the face, and the two began to fight. Defendant picked up a stick and hit Bailey in the face with it, drawing blood and ultimately leaving Bailey with a scar on his left cheek and one on his upper lip.

At trial, the trial court instructed the jury that “[a] person commits the offense of aggravated battery when he knowingly and by any means causes bodily harm to another person” and in doing so uses a deadly weapon. The jury retired to deliberate but soon sent out a note asking the court to define “knowingly.” The assistant State’s Attorney recommended that the court give the jury an instruction based on Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions, Criminal, No. 5.01B (4th ed. 2000) (hereinafter IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B). Defendant’s attorney did not object. The court instructed the jury as follows:

“A person acts knowingly with regard to the nature or attendant circumstances of his conduct when he is consciously aware that his conduct is of such nature or that such circumstances exist. Knowledge of a material fact includes awareness of the substantial probability that such fact exists.
A person acts knowingly with regard to the result of his conduct when he is consciously aware that such result is practically certain to be caused by his conduct.”

After hearing this instruction, one juror asked the court:

“Is a proper distinction to be made between knowingly in the sense of intent and acts that result from intent that also imply knowledge of, you know, results will follow from this intent, and conversely actions that are purely committed in the heat of the moment, or is that a material distinction?”

At defense counsel’s suggestion, the court instructed that it could provide the jury no new information and the jury should consider all of the instructions it had already received in coming to its decision.

The jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery, and on January 28, 2003, the trial court sentenced him to 36 months’ probation. Defendant filed a notice of appeal, docketed No. 4 — 03—0111. On March 26, 2003, the State filed a petition to revoke defendant’s probation. Defendant stipulated to the portion of the petition alleging that he had violated his probation by using marijuana and alcohol. On May 22, 2003, the court resentenced defendant to seven years in prison on the original aggravated-battery conviction. Defendant filed a second notice of appeal, docketed No. 4 — 03—0756. On his motion, we have consolidated the two appeals.

II. ANALYSIS

A. Defect in the Trial Court’s Jury Instruction

Defendant’s first argument on appeal is that the trial court erred in giving the entire IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, defining “knowingly,” when only the second paragraph was required. Defendant did not object to the instruction at trial or offer an alternative instruction; both are generally required to preserve the issue for appeal (People v. Redd, 173 Ill. 2d 1, 41, 670 N.E.2d 583, 602 (1996)). Defendant nevertheless urges us to consider his argument on the merits because of “substantial defects” in the instruction given. See 177 Ill. 2d R. 451(c). The courts may disregard a procedural default in failing to object to jury instructions if a substantial right is at issue and honoring the default would be fundamentally unfair. People v. Keene, 169 Ill. 2d 1, 31, 660 N.E.2d 901, 916 (1995).

In an aggravated-battery case, either or both of the two paragraphs of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B can be appropriate depending on whether the relevant knowledge is of the circumstances or the result of the defendant’s conduct. See People v. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d 607, 618-19, 622 N.E.2d 859, 867 (1993). In this case, the issue was whether defendant knowingly caused bodily harm when he hit Michael Bailey with a stick. The second paragraph of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, concerning the result of the defendant’s conduct, was thus the appropriate instruction. See IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B, Committee Note, at 142.

Defendant relies primarily on Lovelace. In Lovelace, the defendant was charged with two types of aggravated battery: causing great bodily harm and battery of a peace officer. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d at 609, 622 N.E.2d at 860-61. The first type requires knowledge of a result (great bodily harm), while the second requires knowledge of circumstances (that the victim was a peace officer). The appellate court held that where both types of knowledge were relevant to the case, the trial court erred in giving only the circumstances instruction. Lovelace, 251 Ill. App. 3d at 618-19, 622 N.E.2d at 867.

Lovelace is very different from our case. In Lovelace, the trial court omitted a necessary instruction; here, in contrast, the court included an extraneous instruction. The instructions given in our case are accurate statements of the law. This is not a case where the trial court gave conflicting or legally incorrect instructions. See People v. Haywood, 82 Ill. 2d 540, 545, 413 N.E.2d 410, 413 (1980) (conflicting instructions are reversible error). Rather, one part of the instruction was simply irrelevant to the issues raised in the case. If the jury was confused, it was because it was trying to find a use for the portion of IPI Criminal 4th No. 5.01B relating to knowledge of circumstances.

Defendant offers several ways he claims the unnecessary instruction might have confused the jury. For instance, defendant argues that the jury might have thought that it had to find only that defendant knew he injured Bailey. Considering all of the jury instructions together, we conclude that the jury was not misled by the extraneous instruction. The trial court instructed the jury to find defendant guilty if he “knowingly *** cause[d] bodily harm” to Bailey. In this context, “knowingly” is clearly tied to the result of causing bodily harm. The presence of the extraneous instruction was not a substantial defect that would render the trial fundamentally unfair or excuse defendant’s failure to object to the instruction at trial.

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People v. Palmer, 817 N.E.2d 137, 352 Ill. App. 3d 891, 288 Ill. Dec. 12, 2004 Ill. App. LEXIS 1256 (Ill. Ct. App. 2004).

817 N.E.2d 137 (People v. Palmer) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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