NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
2020 IL App (3d) 170724-U
Order filed January 7, 2020 ____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ILLINOIS, ) of the 14th Judicial Circuit, ) Mercer County, Illinois. Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) Appeal No. 3-17-0724 v. ) Circuit No. 12-CF-107 ) JAYME R. ONTIVEROS, ) ) Honorable Thomas C. Berglund, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE SCHMIDT delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Lytton and Justice O’Brien concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court did not err when it denied defendant’s postconviction petition following a third-stage evidentiary hearing.
¶2 Defendant, Jayme R. Ontiveros, appeals the Mercer County circuit court’s denial of his
postconviction petition following a third-stage evidentiary hearing. Defendant contends that the
court erred when it determined that defendant’s trial counsel did not perform deficiently for
failing to file a motion to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds. We affirm. ¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 On November 16, 2012, the police arrested defendant. The State charged defendant with
residential burglary (720 ILCS 5/19-3(a) (West 2012)) and theft (id. § 16-1(a)(1)(A)). Defendant
remained in custody until he was released on a recognizance bond. On November 21, defendant
made his initial court appearance, the court appointed the public defender to represent defendant.
Defendant did not make a speedy trial demand.
¶5 On December 3, 2012, defendant appeared in court with defense counsel. Defense
counsel accepted a jury trial date of January 28, 2013. Counsel did not make any speedy trial
demands.
¶6 On December 18, 2012, the parties appeared in court and the court continued the matter.
Defendant did not object or make a speedy trial demand. The written order entered that day
attributed the delay to the defense.
¶7 On January 14, 2013, the State moved to continue defendant’s jury trial over the
defense’s objection. The docket entry for this hearing attributed this delay to the State.
¶8 On February 19, 2013, the parties appeared in court on the State’s motion to continue the
trial. At the hearing, the State argued that the continuance would not cause any issues with
defendant’s speedy trial rights because the trial would still occur within 120 days of defendant’s
arrest. To support its argument, the State noted that the delay from December 18, 2012, to
January 14, 2013, was attributed to the defense. In response, defense counsel noted that he did
not believe he ever asked to continue the case. The court continued the hearing to the next day.
¶9 The next day, the parties appeared in court on the State’s motion to continue the trial. The
defense objected to the continuance. Defense counsel also informed the court that defendant
requested the transcripts from the December 18 hearing to determine if counsel had requested the
-2- disputed continuance. The court responded that if defendant wanted the court to order the
transcripts that the delay would be attributable to the defense. Over defense counsel’s objection,
defendant maintained that he still desired the transcripts. The court granted the State’s motion to
continue and ordered the transcripts defendant requested. The written order attributed the delay
to defendant.
¶ 10 On March 18, 2013, the parties appeared in court and the State asked the court to modify
defendant’s bond to a recognizance bond to protect defendant’s speedy trial rights. The court
allowed the request. The court admonished defendant that his failure to appear at future hearings
would result in a trial in absentia. After his release, defendant failed to appear at a subsequent
hearing and the court held a trial in absentia. The court found defendant guilty of theft and not
guilty of residential burglary. The court sentenced defendant to eight years’ imprisonment.
Defendant did not appeal.
¶ 11 Next, defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition. Defendant later amended the
petition to allege that defense counsel provided ineffective assistance for allowing the case to go
to trial where there was a speedy trial violation. The cause proceeded to a third-stage evidentiary
hearing. Following the hearing, the court denied defendant’s postconviction petition, finding that
no speedy trial violation occurred.
¶ 12 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 13 On appeal, defendant claims that the court erred when it denied his postconviction
petition. Specifically, defendant contends that the speedy trial period had expired by the time he
was released on a recognizance bond. Therefore, defendant argues that his defense counsel
provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds.
-3- Because the speedy trial period did not expire prior to defendant’s release on recognizance bond,
we find that the court properly denied defendant’s postconviction petition.
¶ 14 Initially, the State contends that defendant’s ineffective assistance claim should have
been denied on forfeiture grounds due to defendant’s failure to appeal his conviction and
sentence. However, the State did not raise the forfeiture argument in the circuit court. The State,
therefore, forfeited this argument. See People v. Smith, 2018 IL App (1st) 151402, ¶ 7.
Consequently, we will consider the merits of defendant’s ineffective assistance claim.
¶ 15 To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must show
counsel’s performance was deficient and the deficient performance resulted in prejudice. People
v. Houston, 226 Ill. 2d 135, 143 (2007) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)).
Counsel’s failure to assert a speedy trial violation cannot establish either prong of an ineffective
assistance claim if there is no lawful basis for raising a speedy trial objection. People v. Cordell,
223 Ill. 2d 380, 385 (2006). Accordingly, we must first determine whether defendant’s right to a
speedy trial was violated. See id.
¶ 16 “In Illinois, a defendant has *** a statutory right to a speedy trial.” Id. Section 103-5(a)
of the Speedy Trial Act provides that
“[e]very person in custody in this State for an alleged offense shall be tried by the
court having jurisdiction within 120 days from the date he or she was taken into
custody unless delay is occasioned by the defendant ***. Delay shall be
considered to be agreed to by the defendant unless he or she objects to the delay
by making a written demand for trial or an oral demand for trial on the record.”
725 ILCS 5/103-5(a) (West 2016).
-4- ¶ 17 In this case, defendant was released on recognizance bond 122 days after his arrest
(November 16, 2012, to March 18, 2013). The five days from defendant’s arrest to his first
appearance on November 21, 2012, are attributable to the State. See People v. Mayo, 198 Ill. 2d
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NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
2020 IL App (3d) 170724-U
Order filed January 7, 2020 ____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ILLINOIS, ) of the 14th Judicial Circuit, ) Mercer County, Illinois. Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) Appeal No. 3-17-0724 v. ) Circuit No. 12-CF-107 ) JAYME R. ONTIVEROS, ) ) Honorable Thomas C. Berglund, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE SCHMIDT delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Lytton and Justice O’Brien concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court did not err when it denied defendant’s postconviction petition following a third-stage evidentiary hearing.
¶2 Defendant, Jayme R. Ontiveros, appeals the Mercer County circuit court’s denial of his
postconviction petition following a third-stage evidentiary hearing. Defendant contends that the
court erred when it determined that defendant’s trial counsel did not perform deficiently for
failing to file a motion to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds. We affirm. ¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 On November 16, 2012, the police arrested defendant. The State charged defendant with
residential burglary (720 ILCS 5/19-3(a) (West 2012)) and theft (id. § 16-1(a)(1)(A)). Defendant
remained in custody until he was released on a recognizance bond. On November 21, defendant
made his initial court appearance, the court appointed the public defender to represent defendant.
Defendant did not make a speedy trial demand.
¶5 On December 3, 2012, defendant appeared in court with defense counsel. Defense
counsel accepted a jury trial date of January 28, 2013. Counsel did not make any speedy trial
demands.
¶6 On December 18, 2012, the parties appeared in court and the court continued the matter.
Defendant did not object or make a speedy trial demand. The written order entered that day
attributed the delay to the defense.
¶7 On January 14, 2013, the State moved to continue defendant’s jury trial over the
defense’s objection. The docket entry for this hearing attributed this delay to the State.
¶8 On February 19, 2013, the parties appeared in court on the State’s motion to continue the
trial. At the hearing, the State argued that the continuance would not cause any issues with
defendant’s speedy trial rights because the trial would still occur within 120 days of defendant’s
arrest. To support its argument, the State noted that the delay from December 18, 2012, to
January 14, 2013, was attributed to the defense. In response, defense counsel noted that he did
not believe he ever asked to continue the case. The court continued the hearing to the next day.
¶9 The next day, the parties appeared in court on the State’s motion to continue the trial. The
defense objected to the continuance. Defense counsel also informed the court that defendant
requested the transcripts from the December 18 hearing to determine if counsel had requested the
-2- disputed continuance. The court responded that if defendant wanted the court to order the
transcripts that the delay would be attributable to the defense. Over defense counsel’s objection,
defendant maintained that he still desired the transcripts. The court granted the State’s motion to
continue and ordered the transcripts defendant requested. The written order attributed the delay
to defendant.
¶ 10 On March 18, 2013, the parties appeared in court and the State asked the court to modify
defendant’s bond to a recognizance bond to protect defendant’s speedy trial rights. The court
allowed the request. The court admonished defendant that his failure to appear at future hearings
would result in a trial in absentia. After his release, defendant failed to appear at a subsequent
hearing and the court held a trial in absentia. The court found defendant guilty of theft and not
guilty of residential burglary. The court sentenced defendant to eight years’ imprisonment.
Defendant did not appeal.
¶ 11 Next, defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition. Defendant later amended the
petition to allege that defense counsel provided ineffective assistance for allowing the case to go
to trial where there was a speedy trial violation. The cause proceeded to a third-stage evidentiary
hearing. Following the hearing, the court denied defendant’s postconviction petition, finding that
no speedy trial violation occurred.
¶ 12 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 13 On appeal, defendant claims that the court erred when it denied his postconviction
petition. Specifically, defendant contends that the speedy trial period had expired by the time he
was released on a recognizance bond. Therefore, defendant argues that his defense counsel
provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds.
-3- Because the speedy trial period did not expire prior to defendant’s release on recognizance bond,
we find that the court properly denied defendant’s postconviction petition.
¶ 14 Initially, the State contends that defendant’s ineffective assistance claim should have
been denied on forfeiture grounds due to defendant’s failure to appeal his conviction and
sentence. However, the State did not raise the forfeiture argument in the circuit court. The State,
therefore, forfeited this argument. See People v. Smith, 2018 IL App (1st) 151402, ¶ 7.
Consequently, we will consider the merits of defendant’s ineffective assistance claim.
¶ 15 To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must show
counsel’s performance was deficient and the deficient performance resulted in prejudice. People
v. Houston, 226 Ill. 2d 135, 143 (2007) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984)).
Counsel’s failure to assert a speedy trial violation cannot establish either prong of an ineffective
assistance claim if there is no lawful basis for raising a speedy trial objection. People v. Cordell,
223 Ill. 2d 380, 385 (2006). Accordingly, we must first determine whether defendant’s right to a
speedy trial was violated. See id.
¶ 16 “In Illinois, a defendant has *** a statutory right to a speedy trial.” Id. Section 103-5(a)
of the Speedy Trial Act provides that
“[e]very person in custody in this State for an alleged offense shall be tried by the
court having jurisdiction within 120 days from the date he or she was taken into
custody unless delay is occasioned by the defendant ***. Delay shall be
considered to be agreed to by the defendant unless he or she objects to the delay
by making a written demand for trial or an oral demand for trial on the record.”
725 ILCS 5/103-5(a) (West 2016).
-4- ¶ 17 In this case, defendant was released on recognizance bond 122 days after his arrest
(November 16, 2012, to March 18, 2013). The five days from defendant’s arrest to his first
appearance on November 21, 2012, are attributable to the State. See People v. Mayo, 198 Ill. 2d
530, 536 (2002) (the 120-day statutory period begins to run automatically from the day
defendant is taken into custody and no formal demand is required). However, the record shows
that the delay in the proceedings from November 21, 2012, until January 14, 2013, was without
objection. This period, therefore, is excluded from calculating the 120-day period. See People v.
Lilly, 2016 IL App (3d) 140286, ¶ 35. The delay from January 14 until February 20, 2013, is
attributable to the State’s request for a continuance over the defense’s objection. This period is
37 days. At this point, the speedy trial period attributable to the State was 42 days. The
remaining delay from February 20, 2013, until the day defendant was released on recognizance
bond is attributable to defendant due to his motion for transcripts—a motion that required time
for processing. See People v. McDonald, 168 Ill. 2d 420, 440 (1995) (any type of motion filed by
defendant which eliminates the possibility that the case could immediately be set for a trial
constitutes an affirmative act of delay attributable to defendant). Therefore, at the time defendant
was released on recognizance bond, the speedy trial period was only at 42 days. Once released,
the speedy trial period extended to 160 days. 725 ILCS 5/103-5(b) (West 2016). Defendant,
however, failed to appear at the subsequent proceedings. As such, he waived any trial demand by
failing to appear. Id. Consequently, defense counsel could not be ineffective for failing to move
to dismiss the charges on speedy trial grounds where no speedy trial violation occurred.
Therefore, we hold that the court did not err when it denied defendant’s postconviction petition.
¶ 18 In reaching this conclusion, we reject defendant’s argument that any continuances of the
trial within the 120-day period is not a “delay” that can be attributed to defendant. Relying on
-5- our supreme court’s decision in Cordell, defendant contends that he was not required to object to
any continuances if the trial date is still set within the speedy trial period. We disagree with
defendant’s narrow interpretation of Cordell.
¶ 19 In Cordell, the supreme court found that, under the facts of that case, that the defendant
was obligated to object to prevent the speedy trial clock from tolling when the circuit court set a
date for trial outside the 120-day period. Cordell, 223 Ill. 2d at 390-91. In coming to this
conclusion, the court held that “section 103-5(a) places the onus on a defendant to take
affirmative action when he becomes aware that his trial is being delayed.” Id. at 391. It is true
that the court stated “[a]ny action *** that moves the trial date outside of that 120-day window
qualifies as a delay for purposes of the section.” Id. at 390. However, the court did not limit the
requirement that a defendant object to an action that postpones trial only to those actions that
move the trial date outside the 120-day window. Further, there is no language in section 103-5(a)
suggesting that this requirement does not apply when the case has been set for trial within the
speedy trial period. Rather, to invoke his speedy trial rights, section 103-5(a) requires a clear
objection and demand for trial from defendant. Consequently, any delay to which defendant
acquiesced, agreed, or failed to object tolled the speedy trial period even if the trial date was set
within the 120-day period.
¶ 20 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 21 For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Mercer County.
¶ 22 Affirmed.
-6-