Filed 9/30/16 P. v. Nelson CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D068628
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD260316)
AARON THEODORE NELSON,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Laura H.
Parsky, Judge. Affirmed.
Law Office of Johanna S. Schiavoni and Johanna S. Schiavoni, under appointment
by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Senior Assistant Attorney
General, Peter Quon, Jr. and Quisteen S. Shum, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff
and Respondent.
A jury convicted Aaron Theodore Nelson of one count of unlawful driving or
taking of a vehicle in violation of Vehicle Code section 10851, subdivision (a). The court dismissed a second count of buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding a stolen
vehicle (Pen. Code, § 496d). During Nelson's sentencing hearing, the court denied
Nelson's request to reduce his offense to a misdemeanor. It placed him on three years of
felony probation that would convert to felony summary probation upon 18 months of
successful completion, ordered that he serve 61 days in custody, and imposed other
probation terms and conditions.
On appeal, Nelson contends the court abused its discretion in declining to reduce
his felony offense to a misdemeanor under Penal Code section 17, subdivision (b). We
affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In the early evening on December 28, 2014, Katrina Diwa drove to Eddie
Sriaphon's house in Panorama City to drop off a gift. She stopped her car in the driveway
and left the engine running while she walked about five feet away to Sriaphon, who was
in his garage. Because it was December, it was "a bit" dark outside. While Diwa was
facing Sriaphon, he alerted her to a nearby person and they both saw a tall, skinny man,
whom Sriaphon later identified as Nelson, drop his bicycle, get into Diwa's car and drive
away. Nelson was wearing a surgical face mask. Sriaphon chased after the car, which
was initially headed toward a dead end. Nelson then pulled the car back out and drove
right at Sriaphon, who was screaming, "What the hell do you think you're doing?"
According to Sriaphon, Nelson "[took] right off, . . . kept ongoing, . . . like I wasn't even
there."
2 The next day, San Diego Police Officer Justin Hudnall responded to a radio call
regarding a possible stolen vehicle. When Officer Hudnall arrived, the car's engine and
headlights were on and Nelson was inside sitting in the driver's seat. The officer called
for backup and he and the other officer conducted a "hot stop" by instructing Nelson to
leave the car at gunpoint, after which they took him into custody. On searching the
vehicle, which was registered to Diwa, officers found tennis shoes and a surgical or dust
mask. Officer Hudnall asked Nelson for identification, but Nelson had none and he
refused to give the officer his name. He took Nelson to the station, where it took about
two hours to identify him. When Officer Hudnall told Nelson that his fingerprints
identified him as Aaron Nelson, Nelson refused to acknowledge his identity.1 The
officer, however, stated that Nelson was "polite" in his interactions with police.
Following his conviction and before his sentencing hearing, Nelson filed a
statement in mitigation seeking to reduce his crime to a misdemeanor based on the
"overall equities of the situation" and requesting that the court grant him probation. He
argued his crime was "slight in comparison to violent and drug charges" and asserted he
was capable of becoming a productive citizen in society. Nelson asked the court to give
him the benefit of several mitigating factors, including that he was unsophisticated and
did not use a weapon, the victim was not particularly vulnerable, he did not inflict bodily
injury, he did not harm anyone and did not intend to harm any individual during the
1 The People refer to a transcript of Officer Hudnall's interview with Nelson at the station. But contrary to the People's representation, the trial exhibit list does not indicate the recording was received into evidence. 3 crime's commission, the victim's monetary loss was minimal, and he had a relatively
insignificant criminal record in that he had suffered a misdemeanor hit and run in 2009.
At the outset of the sentencing hearing, the court addressed several issues with
Nelson, including the fact that he declined to provide background information to the
probation officer. The court observed that, as a consequence, it did not have complete
information regarding Nelson's criminal, mental health or substance abuse history.
Nelson provided some background information as to his employment and education
efforts, and the court proceeded to question him concerning his schooling, ties to San
Diego, and history of drug and alcohol abuse, the latter which Nelson denied. In
response to questioning, Nelson advised the court that he had a 2009 misdemeanor
conviction for hit and run in North Carolina for which he was granted one year of
unsupervised probation and he had received individual psychotherapy in connection with
his parents' divorce, which continued even after his present offense. Nelson denied
having a mental health diagnosis or any medical issues that would get in the way of
probation. When asked to provide a reason why he had a medical mask in his possession
when he was arrested, he told the court that he did not understand its question, and then
denied having any respiratory illness when asked whether it had to do with any medical
treatment or medical condition. The People asked the court to leave the offense a felony
based on the evidence, but agreed with the recommendation for probation, as Nelson,
who had represented himself at trial, had been professional and courteous during their
dealings and had an opportunity to return to North Carolina. Nelson's counsel asked the
court to reduce the offense to give Nelson better career opportunities. Counsel sought
4 summary probation for Nelson and permission for him to reside in North Carolina.
Nelson advised the court that he had begun the process of enlisting in the Marine Corps,
and likewise asked for permission to move back to North Carolina, where he claimed he
had family support.
The trial court declined to reduce Nelson's charge to a misdemeanor. It found the
offense was serious and that a reduction was unwarranted based on the trial evidence. It
placed Nelson on probation as indicated above, observing he was young, amenable to
probation, and capable of turning his life around with family support. Nelson appeals
from the judgment.
DISCUSSION
I. Legal Principles and Standard of Review
Vehicle Code section 10851 (vehicle theft) is a "wobbler," which means a
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Filed 9/30/16 P. v. Nelson CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THE PEOPLE, D068628
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v. (Super. Ct. No. SCD260316)
AARON THEODORE NELSON,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Laura H.
Parsky, Judge. Affirmed.
Law Office of Johanna S. Schiavoni and Johanna S. Schiavoni, under appointment
by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Senior Assistant Attorney
General, Peter Quon, Jr. and Quisteen S. Shum, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff
and Respondent.
A jury convicted Aaron Theodore Nelson of one count of unlawful driving or
taking of a vehicle in violation of Vehicle Code section 10851, subdivision (a). The court dismissed a second count of buying, receiving, concealing, selling or withholding a stolen
vehicle (Pen. Code, § 496d). During Nelson's sentencing hearing, the court denied
Nelson's request to reduce his offense to a misdemeanor. It placed him on three years of
felony probation that would convert to felony summary probation upon 18 months of
successful completion, ordered that he serve 61 days in custody, and imposed other
probation terms and conditions.
On appeal, Nelson contends the court abused its discretion in declining to reduce
his felony offense to a misdemeanor under Penal Code section 17, subdivision (b). We
affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In the early evening on December 28, 2014, Katrina Diwa drove to Eddie
Sriaphon's house in Panorama City to drop off a gift. She stopped her car in the driveway
and left the engine running while she walked about five feet away to Sriaphon, who was
in his garage. Because it was December, it was "a bit" dark outside. While Diwa was
facing Sriaphon, he alerted her to a nearby person and they both saw a tall, skinny man,
whom Sriaphon later identified as Nelson, drop his bicycle, get into Diwa's car and drive
away. Nelson was wearing a surgical face mask. Sriaphon chased after the car, which
was initially headed toward a dead end. Nelson then pulled the car back out and drove
right at Sriaphon, who was screaming, "What the hell do you think you're doing?"
According to Sriaphon, Nelson "[took] right off, . . . kept ongoing, . . . like I wasn't even
there."
2 The next day, San Diego Police Officer Justin Hudnall responded to a radio call
regarding a possible stolen vehicle. When Officer Hudnall arrived, the car's engine and
headlights were on and Nelson was inside sitting in the driver's seat. The officer called
for backup and he and the other officer conducted a "hot stop" by instructing Nelson to
leave the car at gunpoint, after which they took him into custody. On searching the
vehicle, which was registered to Diwa, officers found tennis shoes and a surgical or dust
mask. Officer Hudnall asked Nelson for identification, but Nelson had none and he
refused to give the officer his name. He took Nelson to the station, where it took about
two hours to identify him. When Officer Hudnall told Nelson that his fingerprints
identified him as Aaron Nelson, Nelson refused to acknowledge his identity.1 The
officer, however, stated that Nelson was "polite" in his interactions with police.
Following his conviction and before his sentencing hearing, Nelson filed a
statement in mitigation seeking to reduce his crime to a misdemeanor based on the
"overall equities of the situation" and requesting that the court grant him probation. He
argued his crime was "slight in comparison to violent and drug charges" and asserted he
was capable of becoming a productive citizen in society. Nelson asked the court to give
him the benefit of several mitigating factors, including that he was unsophisticated and
did not use a weapon, the victim was not particularly vulnerable, he did not inflict bodily
injury, he did not harm anyone and did not intend to harm any individual during the
1 The People refer to a transcript of Officer Hudnall's interview with Nelson at the station. But contrary to the People's representation, the trial exhibit list does not indicate the recording was received into evidence. 3 crime's commission, the victim's monetary loss was minimal, and he had a relatively
insignificant criminal record in that he had suffered a misdemeanor hit and run in 2009.
At the outset of the sentencing hearing, the court addressed several issues with
Nelson, including the fact that he declined to provide background information to the
probation officer. The court observed that, as a consequence, it did not have complete
information regarding Nelson's criminal, mental health or substance abuse history.
Nelson provided some background information as to his employment and education
efforts, and the court proceeded to question him concerning his schooling, ties to San
Diego, and history of drug and alcohol abuse, the latter which Nelson denied. In
response to questioning, Nelson advised the court that he had a 2009 misdemeanor
conviction for hit and run in North Carolina for which he was granted one year of
unsupervised probation and he had received individual psychotherapy in connection with
his parents' divorce, which continued even after his present offense. Nelson denied
having a mental health diagnosis or any medical issues that would get in the way of
probation. When asked to provide a reason why he had a medical mask in his possession
when he was arrested, he told the court that he did not understand its question, and then
denied having any respiratory illness when asked whether it had to do with any medical
treatment or medical condition. The People asked the court to leave the offense a felony
based on the evidence, but agreed with the recommendation for probation, as Nelson,
who had represented himself at trial, had been professional and courteous during their
dealings and had an opportunity to return to North Carolina. Nelson's counsel asked the
court to reduce the offense to give Nelson better career opportunities. Counsel sought
4 summary probation for Nelson and permission for him to reside in North Carolina.
Nelson advised the court that he had begun the process of enlisting in the Marine Corps,
and likewise asked for permission to move back to North Carolina, where he claimed he
had family support.
The trial court declined to reduce Nelson's charge to a misdemeanor. It found the
offense was serious and that a reduction was unwarranted based on the trial evidence. It
placed Nelson on probation as indicated above, observing he was young, amenable to
probation, and capable of turning his life around with family support. Nelson appeals
from the judgment.
DISCUSSION
I. Legal Principles and Standard of Review
Vehicle Code section 10851 (vehicle theft) is a "wobbler," which means a
violation of its provisions may be punished either as a misdemeanor or as a felony. (Veh.
Code, § 10851, subd. (a); Pen. Code, § 17, subds. (a) & (b); see People v. Park (2013) 56
Cal.4th 782, 789; In re Nancy C. (2005) 133 Cal.App.4th 508, 510.)
Where a wobbler offense has been charged as felony, Penal Code section 17,
subdivision (b) vests the trial court with discretion to reduce the offense from a felony to
a misdemeanor. (People v. Superior Court (Alvarez) (1997) 14 Cal.4th 968, 977
(Alvarez), superseded by statute on other grounds as indicated in People v. Lynall (2015)
233 Cal.App.4th 1102; People v. Tran (2015) 242 Cal.App.4th 877, 887.) "[A]ny
exercise of that authority must be an intensely fact-bound inquiry taking all relevant
factors, including the defendant's criminal past and public safety, into due consideration."
5 (Alvarez, at pp. 981-982.) "[S]ince all discretionary authority is contextual, those factors
that direct similar sentencing decisions are relevant, including 'the nature and
circumstances of the offense, the defendant's appreciation of and attitude toward the
offense, or his traits of character as evidenced by his behavior and demeanor at the trial.'
[Citations.] When appropriate, judges should also consider the general objectives of
sentencing such as those set forth in California Rules of Court, rule [4].410."2 (Alvarez,
at p. 978, fn. omitted; see also Tran, at pp. 887-888.)
The trial court's ruling on a motion to reduce an offense to a misdemeanor is
reviewed for an abuse of discretion. This is an "extremely deferential and restrained
standard" of review. (Alvarez, supra, 14 Cal.4th at p. 981.) " 'The burden is on the party
attacking the sentence to clearly show that the sentencing decision was irrational or
arbitrary. [Citation.] In the absence of such a showing, the trial court is presumed to
have acted to achieve legitimate sentencing objectives, and its discretionary
determination to impose a particular sentence will not be set aside on review.' " (Id. at
pp. 977-978.)
2 California Rules of Court, rule 4.410, subdivision (a) provides that the general objectives of sentencing include: "(1) Protecting society; [¶] (2) Punishing the defendant; [¶] (3) Encouraging the defendant to lead a law-abiding life in the future and deterring him or her from future offenses; [¶] (4) Deterring others from criminal conduct by demonstrating its consequences; [¶] (5) Preventing the defendant from committing new crimes by isolating him or her for the period of incarceration; [¶] (6) Securing restitution for the victims of crime; and [¶] (7) Achieving uniformity in sentencing."
6 II. Analysis
Nelson contends the trial court abused its discretion in declining to reduce his
offense from a felony to a misdemeanor. He maintains the court refused to consider all
of the relevant factors, including his "lack of criminal history, the absence of any
violence or personal harm to any victim, and the significant adverse consequences to
Nelson's life going forward resulting from a felony conviction for this relatively minor
offense." Nelson complains that the court's finding on the matter was "generic" and
unsupported by the trial evidence because the offense was assertedly committed without
any threat of or any actual violence or bodily injury, there was a lack of planning,
premeditation or sophistication, and he exhibited cooperation with law enforcement
during his arrest and booking. Nelson claims he expressed remorse for his offense.
Nelson has not demonstrated that the trial court's decision was irrational or
arbitrary such that it constitutes a manifest abuse of discretion. There is no indication or
suggestion that the court took its actions as a result of Nelson's self-representation, as
Nelson suggests. To the contrary, the record affirmatively shows that the court had read
the probation officer's report as well as Nelson's statement in mitigation, and it made its
decision after extensively questioning Nelson concerning his particular circumstances.
The court was well aware of the nature of Nelson's offense from the trial evidence, which
showed Nelson took the opportunity to steal a waiting vehicle and engaged in the highly
dangerous action of driving directly at Sriaphon while escaping in it, posing a threat of
great bodily harm. (See Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.421(a)(1).) The court was entitled to
7 conclude that Nelson's use of a disguise, a mask, was a sign of sophistication and
planning or premeditation. (See Cal. Rules of Court, rule 4.421(a)(8).) It was also
entitled to conclude that Nelson's refusal to confirm his identity to police constituted a
lack of cooperation. Nelson did not concede the seriousness of his crime, and contrary to
Nelson's representation, the record does not show he expressed remorse for it.
That the trial court did not mention all of the factors discussed by Nelson in his
appellate briefing does not establish an abuse of discretion because the court is presumed
to have considered all relevant factors, as well as the correct statutory and case law,
unless the record affirmatively shows otherwise. (Evid. Code, § 664; People v. Nance
(1991) 1 Cal.App.4th 1453, 1456; see also People v. Diaz (1992) 3 Cal.4th 495, 567;
People v. Superior Court (Du) (1992) 5 Cal.App.4th 822, 836-837.) The court's
individualized consideration of all of the circumstances is demonstrated by its careful
questioning of Nelson during the sentencing hearing, as well as its consideration of the
probation reports, the statements in mitigation and arguments of counsel. The trial court
ultimately decided to grant Nelson probation, and its decision not to extend further lenity
by reducing the wobbler to a misdemeanor fell well within its broad sentencing
discretion. We cannot say its decision was irrational or arbitrary, and accordingly we
uphold its ruling as a proper exercise of judicial discretion.
8 DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
O'ROURKE, J.
WE CONCUR:
NARES, Acting P. J.
HALLER, J.