NOTICE 2024 IL App (4th) 240202-U This Order was filed under FILED NO. 4-24-0202 April 24, 2024 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is Carla Bender not precedent except in the 4th District Appellate limited circumstances allowed IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL under Rule 23(e)(1). OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) McLean County CARLOS S. MOSLEY, ) No. 24CF85 Defendant-Appellant. ) ) Honorable ) Scott Kording, ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE DeARMOND delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Lannerd and Vancil concurred in the judgment.
ORDER ¶1 Held: The appellate court affirmed, finding the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant pretrial release.
¶2 Defendant, Carlos S. Mosley, appeals the circuit court’s order denying him
pretrial release pursuant to article 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725
ILCS 5/art. 110 (West 2022)), hereinafter as amended by Public Act 101-652, § 10-255 (eff. Jan.
1, 2023), commonly known as the Pretrial Fairness Act (Act). See Pub. Act 102-1104, § 70 (eff.
Jan. 1, 2023) (amending various provisions of the Act); Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 52,
223 N.E.3d 1010 (setting the Act’s effective date as September 18, 2023).
¶3 On appeal, defendant argues the State failed to prove by clear and convincing
evidence (1) he posed a real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community, (2) no conditions could mitigate that threat or prevent his willful flight, and (3) the circuit court
erred in finding no conditions would ensure his appearance for later hearings or prevent him
from being charged with a subsequent offense. We affirm.
¶4 I. BACKGROUND
¶5 On January 22, 2024, the State charged defendant by information with two counts
of unlawful possession of a weapon by a felon (UPWF) (720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West 2022)),
two counts of domestic battery (720 ILCS 5/12-3.2(a)(1), (2) (West 2022)), and possession of
firearm ammunition without the requisite firearm owner’s identification (FOID) card (430 ILCS
65/2(a)(2) (West 2022)). On the same day, the State filed a petition to deny pretrial release, and
the circuit court conducted a detention hearing.
¶6 According to the verified arrest statement, officers discovered Estreya Cordova,
defendant’s paramour, in a common area outside defendant’s apartment. Cordova’s mouth, eyes,
and face were swollen, and her lip was bleeding. Cordova said defendant became upset when she
told him she would be moving to another state, and he punched her twice in the face. Defendant
then placed his hands around her throat and strangled her “for several seconds.” When officers
arrested defendant, he had an unloaded 9-millimeter handgun in one jacket pocket and a loaded
magazine in the other. Officers found a box containing 50 rounds of 9-millimeter ammunition in
defendant’s bedroom. Defendant was a convicted felon and did not have a valid FOID card.
¶7 The State proffered defendant had eight prior convictions, dating back to 1992,
including UPWF, possession of a firearm with a revoked FOID card, and driving under the
influence. Per the public safety assessment report, defendant scored a 3 out of 6 on the New
Criminal Activity Scale and a 2 out of 6 on the Failure to Appear Scale. The report
recommended defendant be released with pretrial monitoring.
-2- ¶8 Defense counsel proffered defendant was employed before his arrest, and he had
another place he could stay, separate from the apartment he shared with Cordova. Counsel noted
defendant neither used nor threatened to use his firearm during the altercation, the firearm was
unloaded, and the ammunition was in a separate pocket. Defendant’s criminal history included
no violent offenses, and his most recent conviction was in 2016, after which he successfully
completed “drug-court probation.” At the time of his arrest, defendant was not on parole or
probation, and he faced no pending charges.
¶9 The circuit court found the proof was evident or presumption great defendant
committed a detainable offense and posed a real and present threat to Cordova and the
community. The court considered defendant’s criminal history, noting many of his convictions
occurred over 20 years ago. The court observed the pretrial assessment recommended pretrial
release with monitoring, defendant was employed, and he previously completed drug court.
However, the court considered the violent nature of the alleged offense and that defendant
allegedly walked into the room where Cordova was with a handgun and ammunition in his
pockets. The court noted defendant’s prior convictions and lack of a FOID card prohibited him
from possessing firearms or ammunition, but he did so anyway. The court found defendant posed
a threat to the safety of Cordova and the community based on his conduct, including his
continued possession of firearms and ammunition.
¶ 10 The circuit court also found no conditions could mitigate the threat defendant
posed. The court noted defendant illegally possessed firearms three times after he was prohibited
from doing so. Based on defendant’s refusal to follow the law preventing him from possessing
firearms and ammunition, the court found defendant was unlikely to comply with any potential
conditions imposed in this case. The court further observed defendant did not abide by
-3- conditions imposed in his prior cases. The court granted the State’s petition and entered a no-
contact order between defendant and Cordova.
¶ 11 The circuit court entered a written order denying defendant pretrial release, which
noted defendant choked Cordova for several seconds and punched her in the face, causing
physical injuries. The order noted defendant, a convicted felon with no FOID card, had a 9-
millimeter handgun and ammunition in his coat pockets when he was arrested, and officers found
more ammunition in his bedroom. The order observed defendant “had at least 2 adjudications of
guilt for unlawful firearm possession offenses with prison time.” After the court entered its
written order, defendant filed his notice of appeal under Illinois Supreme Court Rule
604(h)(1)(iii) (eff. Dec. 7, 2023).
¶ 12 This appeal followed.
¶ 13 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 14 Defendant filed a notice of appeal utilizing the notice of appeal form in the Article
VI Forms Appendix to the Illinois Supreme Court Rules. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 606(d) (eff. Dec. 7,
2023). The form lists several possible grounds for appellate relief and directs appellants to
“check all that apply and describe in detail.” Defendant checked the following grounds for relief:
(1) the State failed to prove he posed a threat to the safety of any person or the community,
(2) the State failed to prove that no combination of conditions could mitigate the threat he posed,
and (3) the circuit court erred in determining no combination of conditions would ensure his
appearance at later hearings or prevent him from being charged with a subsequent felony or
Class A misdemeanor.
¶ 15 All criminal defendants are presumed eligible for pretrial release. 725 ILCS
5/110-6.1(e) (West 2022). Before a circuit court denies pretrial release, the State must prove by
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NOTICE 2024 IL App (4th) 240202-U This Order was filed under FILED NO. 4-24-0202 April 24, 2024 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is Carla Bender not precedent except in the 4th District Appellate limited circumstances allowed IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL under Rule 23(e)(1). OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) McLean County CARLOS S. MOSLEY, ) No. 24CF85 Defendant-Appellant. ) ) Honorable ) Scott Kording, ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE DeARMOND delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Lannerd and Vancil concurred in the judgment.
ORDER ¶1 Held: The appellate court affirmed, finding the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying defendant pretrial release.
¶2 Defendant, Carlos S. Mosley, appeals the circuit court’s order denying him
pretrial release pursuant to article 110 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725
ILCS 5/art. 110 (West 2022)), hereinafter as amended by Public Act 101-652, § 10-255 (eff. Jan.
1, 2023), commonly known as the Pretrial Fairness Act (Act). See Pub. Act 102-1104, § 70 (eff.
Jan. 1, 2023) (amending various provisions of the Act); Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 52,
223 N.E.3d 1010 (setting the Act’s effective date as September 18, 2023).
¶3 On appeal, defendant argues the State failed to prove by clear and convincing
evidence (1) he posed a real and present threat to the safety of any person or the community, (2) no conditions could mitigate that threat or prevent his willful flight, and (3) the circuit court
erred in finding no conditions would ensure his appearance for later hearings or prevent him
from being charged with a subsequent offense. We affirm.
¶4 I. BACKGROUND
¶5 On January 22, 2024, the State charged defendant by information with two counts
of unlawful possession of a weapon by a felon (UPWF) (720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West 2022)),
two counts of domestic battery (720 ILCS 5/12-3.2(a)(1), (2) (West 2022)), and possession of
firearm ammunition without the requisite firearm owner’s identification (FOID) card (430 ILCS
65/2(a)(2) (West 2022)). On the same day, the State filed a petition to deny pretrial release, and
the circuit court conducted a detention hearing.
¶6 According to the verified arrest statement, officers discovered Estreya Cordova,
defendant’s paramour, in a common area outside defendant’s apartment. Cordova’s mouth, eyes,
and face were swollen, and her lip was bleeding. Cordova said defendant became upset when she
told him she would be moving to another state, and he punched her twice in the face. Defendant
then placed his hands around her throat and strangled her “for several seconds.” When officers
arrested defendant, he had an unloaded 9-millimeter handgun in one jacket pocket and a loaded
magazine in the other. Officers found a box containing 50 rounds of 9-millimeter ammunition in
defendant’s bedroom. Defendant was a convicted felon and did not have a valid FOID card.
¶7 The State proffered defendant had eight prior convictions, dating back to 1992,
including UPWF, possession of a firearm with a revoked FOID card, and driving under the
influence. Per the public safety assessment report, defendant scored a 3 out of 6 on the New
Criminal Activity Scale and a 2 out of 6 on the Failure to Appear Scale. The report
recommended defendant be released with pretrial monitoring.
-2- ¶8 Defense counsel proffered defendant was employed before his arrest, and he had
another place he could stay, separate from the apartment he shared with Cordova. Counsel noted
defendant neither used nor threatened to use his firearm during the altercation, the firearm was
unloaded, and the ammunition was in a separate pocket. Defendant’s criminal history included
no violent offenses, and his most recent conviction was in 2016, after which he successfully
completed “drug-court probation.” At the time of his arrest, defendant was not on parole or
probation, and he faced no pending charges.
¶9 The circuit court found the proof was evident or presumption great defendant
committed a detainable offense and posed a real and present threat to Cordova and the
community. The court considered defendant’s criminal history, noting many of his convictions
occurred over 20 years ago. The court observed the pretrial assessment recommended pretrial
release with monitoring, defendant was employed, and he previously completed drug court.
However, the court considered the violent nature of the alleged offense and that defendant
allegedly walked into the room where Cordova was with a handgun and ammunition in his
pockets. The court noted defendant’s prior convictions and lack of a FOID card prohibited him
from possessing firearms or ammunition, but he did so anyway. The court found defendant posed
a threat to the safety of Cordova and the community based on his conduct, including his
continued possession of firearms and ammunition.
¶ 10 The circuit court also found no conditions could mitigate the threat defendant
posed. The court noted defendant illegally possessed firearms three times after he was prohibited
from doing so. Based on defendant’s refusal to follow the law preventing him from possessing
firearms and ammunition, the court found defendant was unlikely to comply with any potential
conditions imposed in this case. The court further observed defendant did not abide by
-3- conditions imposed in his prior cases. The court granted the State’s petition and entered a no-
contact order between defendant and Cordova.
¶ 11 The circuit court entered a written order denying defendant pretrial release, which
noted defendant choked Cordova for several seconds and punched her in the face, causing
physical injuries. The order noted defendant, a convicted felon with no FOID card, had a 9-
millimeter handgun and ammunition in his coat pockets when he was arrested, and officers found
more ammunition in his bedroom. The order observed defendant “had at least 2 adjudications of
guilt for unlawful firearm possession offenses with prison time.” After the court entered its
written order, defendant filed his notice of appeal under Illinois Supreme Court Rule
604(h)(1)(iii) (eff. Dec. 7, 2023).
¶ 12 This appeal followed.
¶ 13 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 14 Defendant filed a notice of appeal utilizing the notice of appeal form in the Article
VI Forms Appendix to the Illinois Supreme Court Rules. See Ill. S. Ct. R. 606(d) (eff. Dec. 7,
2023). The form lists several possible grounds for appellate relief and directs appellants to
“check all that apply and describe in detail.” Defendant checked the following grounds for relief:
(1) the State failed to prove he posed a threat to the safety of any person or the community,
(2) the State failed to prove that no combination of conditions could mitigate the threat he posed,
and (3) the circuit court erred in determining no combination of conditions would ensure his
appearance at later hearings or prevent him from being charged with a subsequent felony or
Class A misdemeanor.
¶ 15 All criminal defendants are presumed eligible for pretrial release. 725 ILCS
5/110-6.1(e) (West 2022). Before a circuit court denies pretrial release, the State must prove by
-4- clear and convincing evidence (1) “the proof is evident or the presumption great that the
defendant has committed an offense listed in subsection (a),” (2) “the defendant poses a real and
present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community, based on the specific
articulable facts of the case,” and (3) “no condition or combination of conditions *** can
mitigate *** the real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community.”
725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(e)(1), (2), (3)(i) (West 2022). Section 110-6.1 of the Code provides nine
factors the court may consider when assessing the real and present threat allegation. See 725
ILCS 5/110-6.1(g)(1)-(9) (West 2022). If the court determines the defendant should be denied
pretrial release, the court must make written findings summarizing the reasons for denying
pretrial release, including why less restrictive conditions would not avoid the danger posed by
the defendant to any person or the community. 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(h)(1) (West 2022).
¶ 16 We have held the determination of whether pretrial release should be granted or
denied is reviewed under an abuse-of-discretion standard. See People v. Jones, 2023 IL App
(4th) 230837, ¶¶ 27, 30. “An abuse of discretion occurs when the circuit court’s decision is
arbitrary, fanciful or unreasonable or where no reasonable person would agree with the position
adopted by the [circuit] court.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Simmons, 2019 IL
App (1st) 191253, ¶ 9, 143 N.E.3d 833. Under this standard, a reviewing court will not substitute
its own judgment for that of the circuit court simply because it would have analyzed the proper
factors differently. People v. Inman, 2023 IL App (4th) 230864, ¶ 11. Likewise, “we will not
substitute our own judgment for the trier of fact on issues regarding the weight of the evidence or
the credibility of witnesses.” People v. Vega, 2018 IL App (1st) 160619, ¶ 44, 123 N.E.3d 393.
¶ 17 Here, defendant has not shown the circuit court abused its discretion in finding the
State established by clear and convincing evidence he posed a real and present safety threat to
-5- Cordova and the community and that no condition or combination of conditions thereof could
mitigate the threat. Defendant first argues he is not a safety threat because he does not have a
history of domestic violence, he did not use a weapon during the altercation, the firearm in his
pocket was unloaded, and “there was no evidence presented that he intended to use the weapon
or had menaced or threatened anyone with the weapon.” However, the record shows the court
relied on the violent nature of the offense, defendant’s criminal history, and his access to
firearms in reaching its conclusions. See 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(g)(1), (2), (7) (West 2022).
According to the State’s proffer, defendant punched Cordova twice in the face, causing her to
sustain injuries, and choked her for several seconds. Defendant has also repeatedly possessed
firearms despite being legally prohibited from doing so, including during the incident at issue.
We find the court’s dangerousness determination was not an abuse of discretion. See Jones, 2023
IL App (4th) 230837, ¶¶ 27, 30.
¶ 18 Second, defendant argues the State failed to prove no conditions could mitigate
the threat he posed because he “has been on a period of good behavior since 2016, where he
successfully completed a drug court sentence,” he has a separate address from Cordova, he was
willing to surrender his firearms, and the safety assessment recommended release with pretrial
monitoring. As the circuit court observed, defendant repeatedly failed to follow the law
prohibiting him from possessing firearms and ammunition. Defendant’s criminal history
included two convictions for illegally possessing a firearm, and his alleged conduct during the
incident at issue resulted in another such charge. Based on these facts, the court did not abuse its
discretion by finding no conditions could mitigate the threat defendant posed to Cordova and the
community, as the court reasonably concluded defendant would not abide by any conditions
imposed in this case. See Simmons, 2019 IL App (1st) 191253, ¶ 9
-6- ¶ 19 Third, defendant argues the circuit court erred in determining no combination of
conditions could reasonably ensure his appearance at later hearings or prevent him from being
charged with a subsequent offense. While this finding is necessary to revoke a defendant’s
pretrial release pursuant to section 110-6(a) (725 ILCS 5/110-6(a) (West 2022)), it is not
required to detain a defendant under section 110-6.1 (725 ILCS 5/110-6.1 (West 2022)).
Defendant was detained pursuant to section 110-6.1. Therefore, we need not address the merits
of this argument, as it cannot warrant reversal of the court’s detention determination.
¶ 20 The record shows the circuit court considered the appropriate factors when
finding defendant posed a safety threat to Cordova and the community. The court then properly
relied on defendant’s criminal history and repeated failures to comply with the law precluding
him from possessing firearms and ammunition to determine no condition or combination of
conditions could mitigate the threat. Defendant has failed to show otherwise. Thus, the court’s
decision was not arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable, and no abuse of discretion occurred. Inman,
2023 IL App (4th) 230864, ¶ 10.
¶ 21 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 22 For all these reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.
¶ 23 Affirmed.
-7-