2023 IL App (5th) 220225-U NOTICE NOTICE Decision filed 04/17/23. The This order was filed under text of this decision may be NO. 5-22-0225 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for not precedent except in the
Rehearing or the disposition of IN THE limited circumstances allowed the same. under Rule 23(e)(1). APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Effingham County. ) v. ) No. 20-CF-152 ) RODNEY J. MARS, ) Honorable ) Kevin S. Parker, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BARBERIS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Boie and Justice Welch concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: Where eyewitness testimony and defendant’s own admission established his commission of the offenses, the evidence was not only sufficient to establish his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but also precluded any argument that any trial errors required reversal. Moreover, defendant’s sentence of probation was not an abuse of discretion. As any argument to the contrary would lack merit, we grant defendant’s appointed counsel on appeal leave to withdraw and affirm the circuit court’s judgment.
¶2 Following a jury trial, defendant, Rodney J. Mars, was convicted of aggravated battery and
criminal damage to property. The trial court sentenced him to 30 months’ probation with 120 days
in jail. Defendant filed a notice of appeal.
¶3 Defendant’s appointed appellate counsel, the Office of the State Appellate Defender
(OSAD), has concluded that there is no reasonably meritorious argument that the circuit court
erred in dismissing defendant’s petition. Accordingly, it has filed a motion to withdraw as counsel
1 along with a supporting memorandum. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). OSAD
has notified defendant of its motion, and this court has provided him with ample opportunity to
respond. However, he has not done so. After considering the record on appeal, OSAD’s
memorandum, and its supporting brief, we agree that this appeal presents no reasonably
meritorious issues. Thus, we grant OSAD leave to withdraw and affirm the circuit court’s
judgment.
¶4 BACKGROUND
¶5 At trial, KayeAnn Patton testified that she had been in a relationship with defendant, and
they had a son together. Patton had been staying with her mother because the parties were having
difficulties in their relationship. On June 23, 2020, defendant called her. He wanted to see his son
and try to fix the relationship.
¶6 Patton did not want to be alone in a room with defendant, so the three drove around in her
car. The conversation often became heated. Several times Patton tried to get defendant to leave
the car, but he refused.
¶7 At one point, the prosecutor asked Patton if defendant had anything with him in the car that
“caused [her] concern.” After the trial court overruled a defense objection that the evidence was
irrelevant, Patton said that he had pepper spray. She further testified that defendant threatened to
use the pepper spray in the car. Ultimately, however, he did not use it.
¶8 Patton eventually pulled into the parking lot of a medical building. She got out of the car
to feed her son, who was hungry and crying. Defendant threw her wallet out of the car, and she
went to retrieve it. As she did so, two nurses came out of the building. When Patton told them
what was happening, they helped her inside and took her to a back room for safety.
2 ¶9 Madonna Cook was cleaning the lobby of the building just after closing time when she saw
a nurse, a woman, and a baby attempting to enter the building. She let them in, and they proceeded
through a second door to a back area. Just as the door was about to close, a man—whom she
identified as defendant—grabbed it and pulled it open. Defendant also raced through the lobby to
the second door and yanked it open hard enough that it bounced off the wall.
¶ 10 The prosecutor asked Cook if she heard any unusual noises. She responded that she heard
what “sounded like a person had hit a wall or bounced into a wall or something.” The court
overruled a defense objection that the testimony was speculation.
¶ 11 Cook then saw defendant leave the back area, pushing the door open aggressively, and
walk through the entrance. She then saw him bend over, pick something up, and throw it at the
window. She did not know what the object was, but she saw the glass “spider” all the way down.
¶ 12 Officer Andrew Meyers responded to the HSHS Medical Group office building. He saw
defendant running from the scene and pursued him. After another officer detained defendant,
Meyers spoke to him. Defendant explained that he had gotten in an argument with his girlfriend,
who began “freaking out” and ran inside the business. Defendant told Meyers that, after he went
inside the building, he pushed a nurse out of the way. After he went back outside, he threw a rock
through a window.
¶ 13 Meyers also interviewed Nichole Davis, who had a red mark on her neck. Meyers opined
that it looked like an injury but not a significant one.
¶ 14 Davis testified that she was working at HSHS on June 23, 2020, as a nurse, wearing blue
nursing scrubs. She attempted to block defendant from entering a patient-only area, telling him to
leave. Instead, defendant grabbed her by the shoulders, shook her, placed his hand around her
neck, and shoved her into a wall.
3 ¶ 15 The jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery and criminal damage to property.
Defense counsel filed a motion for new trial in which he argued, inter alia, that the court erred in
overruling his objection to Patton’s testimony about the pepper spray and in overruling his
objection to Cook’s speculative testimony about what she heard. The court denied the motion.
¶ 16 Finding that defendant’s actions threatened serious harm, the court sentenced defendant to
30 months’ probation, including 120 days in jail. Defendant timely appeals.
¶ 17 ANALYSIS
¶ 18 OSAD concludes that there is no reasonably meritorious argument against defendant’s
conviction and sentence. OSAD suggests that the evidence was sufficient to prove defendant’s
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, the overwhelming nature of the evidence precludes
any argument that trial errors provide grounds for reversal. Finally, OSAD concludes that the
sentence was not an abuse of discretion. We agree.
¶ 19 The first potential issue is whether the State proved defendant guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt. When a defendant raises such a claim on appeal, we decide only “ ‘whether, after
viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” (Emphasis in
original.) People v. De Filippo, 235 Ill. 2d 377, 384-85 (2009) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319 (1979)). Here, the evidence was more than sufficient.
¶ 20 Defendant was convicted of aggravated battery by virtue of knowing that the victim was a
nurse performing her official duties. See 720 ILCS 5/12-3.05
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2023 IL App (5th) 220225-U NOTICE NOTICE Decision filed 04/17/23. The This order was filed under text of this decision may be NO. 5-22-0225 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is changed or corrected prior to the filing of a Petition for not precedent except in the
Rehearing or the disposition of IN THE limited circumstances allowed the same. under Rule 23(e)(1). APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Effingham County. ) v. ) No. 20-CF-152 ) RODNEY J. MARS, ) Honorable ) Kevin S. Parker, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE BARBERIS delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Boie and Justice Welch concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: Where eyewitness testimony and defendant’s own admission established his commission of the offenses, the evidence was not only sufficient to establish his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but also precluded any argument that any trial errors required reversal. Moreover, defendant’s sentence of probation was not an abuse of discretion. As any argument to the contrary would lack merit, we grant defendant’s appointed counsel on appeal leave to withdraw and affirm the circuit court’s judgment.
¶2 Following a jury trial, defendant, Rodney J. Mars, was convicted of aggravated battery and
criminal damage to property. The trial court sentenced him to 30 months’ probation with 120 days
in jail. Defendant filed a notice of appeal.
¶3 Defendant’s appointed appellate counsel, the Office of the State Appellate Defender
(OSAD), has concluded that there is no reasonably meritorious argument that the circuit court
erred in dismissing defendant’s petition. Accordingly, it has filed a motion to withdraw as counsel
1 along with a supporting memorandum. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). OSAD
has notified defendant of its motion, and this court has provided him with ample opportunity to
respond. However, he has not done so. After considering the record on appeal, OSAD’s
memorandum, and its supporting brief, we agree that this appeal presents no reasonably
meritorious issues. Thus, we grant OSAD leave to withdraw and affirm the circuit court’s
judgment.
¶4 BACKGROUND
¶5 At trial, KayeAnn Patton testified that she had been in a relationship with defendant, and
they had a son together. Patton had been staying with her mother because the parties were having
difficulties in their relationship. On June 23, 2020, defendant called her. He wanted to see his son
and try to fix the relationship.
¶6 Patton did not want to be alone in a room with defendant, so the three drove around in her
car. The conversation often became heated. Several times Patton tried to get defendant to leave
the car, but he refused.
¶7 At one point, the prosecutor asked Patton if defendant had anything with him in the car that
“caused [her] concern.” After the trial court overruled a defense objection that the evidence was
irrelevant, Patton said that he had pepper spray. She further testified that defendant threatened to
use the pepper spray in the car. Ultimately, however, he did not use it.
¶8 Patton eventually pulled into the parking lot of a medical building. She got out of the car
to feed her son, who was hungry and crying. Defendant threw her wallet out of the car, and she
went to retrieve it. As she did so, two nurses came out of the building. When Patton told them
what was happening, they helped her inside and took her to a back room for safety.
2 ¶9 Madonna Cook was cleaning the lobby of the building just after closing time when she saw
a nurse, a woman, and a baby attempting to enter the building. She let them in, and they proceeded
through a second door to a back area. Just as the door was about to close, a man—whom she
identified as defendant—grabbed it and pulled it open. Defendant also raced through the lobby to
the second door and yanked it open hard enough that it bounced off the wall.
¶ 10 The prosecutor asked Cook if she heard any unusual noises. She responded that she heard
what “sounded like a person had hit a wall or bounced into a wall or something.” The court
overruled a defense objection that the testimony was speculation.
¶ 11 Cook then saw defendant leave the back area, pushing the door open aggressively, and
walk through the entrance. She then saw him bend over, pick something up, and throw it at the
window. She did not know what the object was, but she saw the glass “spider” all the way down.
¶ 12 Officer Andrew Meyers responded to the HSHS Medical Group office building. He saw
defendant running from the scene and pursued him. After another officer detained defendant,
Meyers spoke to him. Defendant explained that he had gotten in an argument with his girlfriend,
who began “freaking out” and ran inside the business. Defendant told Meyers that, after he went
inside the building, he pushed a nurse out of the way. After he went back outside, he threw a rock
through a window.
¶ 13 Meyers also interviewed Nichole Davis, who had a red mark on her neck. Meyers opined
that it looked like an injury but not a significant one.
¶ 14 Davis testified that she was working at HSHS on June 23, 2020, as a nurse, wearing blue
nursing scrubs. She attempted to block defendant from entering a patient-only area, telling him to
leave. Instead, defendant grabbed her by the shoulders, shook her, placed his hand around her
neck, and shoved her into a wall.
3 ¶ 15 The jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery and criminal damage to property.
Defense counsel filed a motion for new trial in which he argued, inter alia, that the court erred in
overruling his objection to Patton’s testimony about the pepper spray and in overruling his
objection to Cook’s speculative testimony about what she heard. The court denied the motion.
¶ 16 Finding that defendant’s actions threatened serious harm, the court sentenced defendant to
30 months’ probation, including 120 days in jail. Defendant timely appeals.
¶ 17 ANALYSIS
¶ 18 OSAD concludes that there is no reasonably meritorious argument against defendant’s
conviction and sentence. OSAD suggests that the evidence was sufficient to prove defendant’s
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Moreover, the overwhelming nature of the evidence precludes
any argument that trial errors provide grounds for reversal. Finally, OSAD concludes that the
sentence was not an abuse of discretion. We agree.
¶ 19 The first potential issue is whether the State proved defendant guilty beyond a reasonable
doubt. When a defendant raises such a claim on appeal, we decide only “ ‘whether, after
viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could
have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ” (Emphasis in
original.) People v. De Filippo, 235 Ill. 2d 377, 384-85 (2009) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443
U.S. 307, 319 (1979)). Here, the evidence was more than sufficient.
¶ 20 Defendant was convicted of aggravated battery by virtue of knowing that the victim was a
nurse performing her official duties. See 720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(d)(11) (West 2020). He was also
convicted of criminal damage to property for breaking the window.
¶ 21 Two eyewitnesses—Davis and Cook—testified that defendant committed those offenses.
Davis testified that defendant shoved her, establishing the former offense, and Cook testified that
4 he threw a rock through the window, proving the latter offense. Patton’s testimony placed
defendant at the scene and established that he was upset. Finally, defendant admitted to Meyers
that he committed those offenses. Moreover, defendant’s statement to Meyers that he “shoved a
nurse” precludes any reasonable argument that he did not know Davis’s occupation.
¶ 22 OSAD next contends that there is no reasonably meritorious argument that the trial court’s
failure to comply with Illinois Supreme Court Rule 431(b) (eff. July 1, 2012) was reversible error.
That rule requires the trial court to ask prospective jurors, individually or in a group, whether they
understand and accept the principles that (1) defendant is presumed innocent, (2) before a
defendant can be convicted the State must prove him or her guilty beyond a reasonable doubt,
(3) defendant is not required to offer any evidence, and (4) a defendant’s decision not to testify
cannot be held against him or her. Id.
¶ 23 The court must ask the prospective jurors whether they understand and accept the
principles. People v. Wilmington, 2013 IL 112938, ¶ 32. Here, the court asked the venire members
collectively whether they accepted the principles, but not whether they understood them. This
was error. However, defendant did not preserve the issue with a contemporaneous objection or by
raising it in his posttrial motion. Thus, the issue can be reviewed only as plain error.
¶ 24 The plain-error doctrine allows errors not previously challenged to be considered on appeal
if either (1) the evidence is so closely balanced that the error alone threatened to tip the scales of
justice against the defendant or (2) the error was so fundamental and of such magnitude that it
affected the fairness of the trial and challenged the integrity of the judicial process, regardless of
the closeness of the evidence. Id. ¶ 31.
¶ 25 Wilmington held that, in the absence of an allegation that a Rule 431(b) error resulted in a
jury that was actually biased, such an error does not qualify as a second-prong plain error. Id. ¶ 33.
5 The court further concluded that the error was not first-prong plain error because the evidence of
defendant’s guilt was not closely balanced. Id. ¶ 34. So too here.
¶ 26 Defendant has never suggested that the jury that convicted him was actually biased.
Further, the evidence of his guilt was overwhelming. As noted, two eyewitnesses described
defendant’s commission of the crimes and unequivocally identified him as the perpetrator.
Moreover, defendant admitted to Meyers that he committed the offenses. Thus, any error in failing
to question prospective jurors pursuant to Rule 431(b) was not plain error.
¶ 27 OSAD also suggests two potential evidentiary issues. However, it concludes that, due to
the overwhelming nature of the evidence, any error was harmless, and it would be frivolous to
contend otherwise.
¶ 28 Generally, the decision to admit evidence is within the trial court’s sound discretion and
will not be reversed absent an abuse of that discretion. People v. Pikes, 2013 IL 115171, ¶ 12.
However, even if the trial court abuses its discretion, an error may be harmless where it is clear
beyond a reasonable doubt that a rational jury would have found the defendant guilty absent the
error. See People v. Thurow, 203 Ill. 2d 352, 368-69 (2003) (citing Neder v. United States, 527
U.S. 1, 18 (1999)).
¶ 29 OSAD notes that Patton was allowed to testify that defendant threatened to use pepper
spray. OSAD contends that this was irrelevant given that defendant was not charged with any
offenses against Patton and apparently never brought it into the building. OSAD also contends
that Cook’s testimony that she heard what sounded like “a person had hit a wall or bounced into a
wall” was unduly speculative. However, OSAD concludes that any error in admitting the evidence
was harmless given the strength of the properly admitted evidence. We agree.
6 ¶ 30 As noted, Davis and Cook testified that they saw defendant commit the offenses and
defendant admitted as much to Meyers. The brief and relatively innocuous comments by Patton
and Cook added little to this. It is thus clear that a rational jury would have found defendant guilty.
Thus, any error in admitting the evidence was harmless.
¶ 31 Finally, OSAD concludes that there is no good-faith argument that the court erred in
sentencing defendant. A trial court’s sentencing decisions are entitled to great deference and will
not be altered on appeal absent an abuse of that discretion. People v. Streit, 142 Ill. 2d 13, 18-19
(1991).
¶ 32 The record reflects that the judge carefully considered the proper sentencing range and the
appropriate factors before imposing defendant’s sentence and that the judge did not make any
improper comments or consider any improper evidence. The presentence investigation report
shows that defendant, despite being only 20 years old at the time, had a significant history of
juvenile adjudications and serious traffic offenses, as well as a pending theft charge. Yet the trial
court sentenced him to probation with a relatively short jail term, which he has presumably
completed. The court also ordered restitution for the broken window. See 730 ILCS 5/5-5-6 (West
2020). The restitution amount was supported by evidence from a hospital administrator and paid
invoices. Thus, we agree that there is no viable argument that the court abused its discretion in
sentencing.
¶ 33 CONCLUSION
¶ 34 As this appeal presents no issue of arguable merit, we grant OSAD leave to withdraw and
affirm the circuit court’s judgment.
¶ 35 Motion granted; judgment affirmed.