People v. Liebman

179 A.D.2d 245, 583 N.Y.S.2d 234, 1992 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5980
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedApril 14, 1992
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 179 A.D.2d 245 (People v. Liebman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Liebman, 179 A.D.2d 245, 583 N.Y.S.2d 234, 1992 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5980 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinions

OPINION OF THE COURT

Murphy, P. J.

The single issue presented is whether the defendant’s conviction of murder in the second degree ought to be reduced to one for first degree manslaughter. In support of the reduction sought, the defendant maintains that the evidence adduced at his trial established that when he assaulted his wife inflicting the injuries which caused her death he did so under the influence of extreme emotional disturbance. Under our statutory scheme, of course, a defendant may raise the circumstance of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a murder charge (Penal Law § 125.25) and if the defendant succeeds in establishing the defense by a preponderance of the evidence (Penal Law § 25.00) he is, in view of the mitigating circumstance, entitled to have his conviction for what would otherwise be murder reduced to first degree manslaughter (Penal Law § 125.20 [2]).

On the night of October 16, 1985 police officers responding to a telephone call for emergency assistance made by the victim, Joan Liebman, entered Mrs. Liebman’s apartment. There, they found Mrs. Liebman and her husband, the defendant, David Liebman. Mrs. Liebman, although conscious and alert, had been stabbed repeatedly and was bleeding heavily. The defendant, while not himself wounded, was also covered [247]*247with blood. He lay unconscious upon the couple’s bed. Open prescription bottles were found in the kitchen. The windows to the apartment had been shut and the gas jets in the kitchen turned on. Joan Liebman was taken to the hospital where she died of her wounds the following day. The defendant was also hospitalized, and although he remained comatose for more than two days he eventually revived and was charged with his wife’s murder.

The defendant has admitted inflicting the injuries which were found to have caused his wife’s death but, as noted, claims to have acted while his capacity for self-control was overborne by extreme emotional disturbance. In support of this contention, the defendant at his nonjury trial called two witnesses, his psychiatrist, Dr. Molly Niv, who last saw him in treatment some nine days before the incident, and Dr. Daniel Schwartz, a court-appointed forensic psychiatrist.

Dr. Niv testified that the defendant and his wife had first consulted her in July of 1983. At that time, the defendant complained of depression, withdrawal, anger and inability to work. He also complained of difficulty sleeping, and of nightmares in which he was chased by his wife; these were described by Dr. Niv as paranoid and persecutory. When asked by Dr. Niv whether he hated his wife, the defendant replied "Joanie hates more.” Dr. Niv prescribed sleep medication for both the defendant and his wife.

She next saw the defendant and his wife in early January 1984. At this session Dr. Niv elicited that the defendant had been hyperactive and dyslexic as a child; that as a young man he failed to finish college and that in his adult life he had been unable to hold on to any of the many jobs he had had. At the conclusion of this session, Dr. Niv put the defendant on Sinequan, an antidepressant which also acts as a tranquilizer.

The defendant and his wife returned to Dr. Niv’s office at the end of January 1984. The defendant then complained that he was "all nervous” and "afraid of a nervous breakdown.” He stated that he was persecuted and that he had been having nightmares. Dr. Niv noted that the defendant would pick at and eat his hands. She continued the defendant on Sinequan.

In May of 1984 the defendant and his wife again consulted Dr. Niv. The defendant complained that everyone was avoiding him and reported that he continued to have nightmares and would wake up screaming during the night. Sleep medication was again prescribed.

[248]*248The Liebmans’ next visit to Dr. Niv occurred in January 1985. Dr. Niv described the defendant at that time as acutely depressed. She noted that he was very anxious and that he told her that he felt panicky. She prescribed 50 milligrams of Thorazine to be taken three times daily for tranquillization. Along with the Thorazine, Dr. Niv prescribed another tranquilizer, Atarax, and sleep medication.

On September 6, 1985 the Liebmans returned to Dr. Niv’s office. On this visit the defendant was visibly trembling and seemed to have deteriorated markedly. Dr. Niv stated, "at this point he was not just a person anxious as I have seen him before. He was panicky. He really showed all the signs of a panic paranoia”. The couple had just returned from a trip to Israel and Paris. Joan Liebman complained that the trip had not been a success because David had become very paranoid and would not leave the hotel room. It was at this session that the defendant first expressed the fear that he would commit suicide. Dr. Niv, believing that the defendant suffered from a panic disorder, continued him on Thorazine.

On the occasion of the Liebmans’ next visit which took place on September 29, 1985, the defendant’s condition appeared to have grown still worse. He reiterated that he was afraid he would kill himself. Upon learning for the first time at this session that the defendant had been hospitalized at Creedmoor Psychiatric Center for lVz years in his early adulthood, Dr. Niv came to believe that the defendant suffered from schizophrenia and placed the defendant on Haldol, a potent medication usually prescribed for the treatment of psychosis. She was quite clear that "the purpose [of the prescription] was to treat [the defendant’s] schizophrenic breakdown”.

Just two days later the Liebmans were back at Dr. Niv’s office. The defendant was extremely anxious and, as Dr. Niv put it, "was eating his hands all bloody.” Dr. Niv increased the defendant’s dosage of Haldol from 15 to 20 milligrams a day. She was again clear in her testimony that she prescribed the medication to avert, if possible, an exacerbation of what she referred to as the defendant’s "smouldering” schizophrenia. She stated, "with the [defendant’s] increasing panic I was alerting myself I’m dealing with a schizophrenic process that is why I gave him the Haldol.”

After an interval of a mere three days, the Liebmans on October 4, 1985 found it necessary to return to Dr. Niv. At [249]*249this session, Dr. Niv noted that the defendant told her of a very bizarre dream he had had. Describing the dream, the defendant had said, "I was in Hawaii and the Queen of Iran slices best friend’s back and it was all bloody.” Dr. Niv’s notes from this session also reflected that Joan Liebman had become very worried that David was on the verge of a breakdown similar to the one he had had as a young man. The defendant’s dosage of Haldol was again increased.

The final session before the incident occurred three days later on October 7, 1985. At that time, Dr. Niv found the defendant, although still eating his hands, somewhat improved; he was no longer trembling and seemed more subdued. Dr. Niv, however, stated that she was "very worried.” Apparently, Joan Liebman had been physically ill since returning from Israel and had, at one point, been briefly hospitalized. Dr. Niv felt that her illness raised in David’s mind the possibility that he would be left alone or abandoned. When asked how he would deal with such a situation, David replied, "I have never grown up.” As if to confirm David’s extreme dependency, Joan stated, "He’s my baby.”

The defendant’s course of treatment with Dr. Niv was placed in broader perspective by Dr. Schwartz, the court-appointed forensic psychiatric expert. Dr.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
179 A.D.2d 245, 583 N.Y.S.2d 234, 1992 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 5980, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-liebman-nyappdiv-1992.