People v. Lemons

549 N.E.2d 800, 192 Ill. App. 3d 997, 140 Ill. Dec. 149, 1989 Ill. App. LEXIS 1989
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedDecember 28, 1989
DocketNo. 1—87—3171
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 549 N.E.2d 800 (People v. Lemons) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Lemons, 549 N.E.2d 800, 192 Ill. App. 3d 997, 140 Ill. Dec. 149, 1989 Ill. App. LEXIS 1989 (Ill. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

JUSTICE LINN

delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant, Edward Lemons, was charged with burglary and possession of burglary tools. Following a jury trial he was convicted of burglary and acquitted of possession of burglary tools. He was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment.

On appeal, Lemons challenges the admission of what he characterizes as hearsay identification testimony. He also asserts that the trial court deprived him of a fair trial by instructing the jury that a witness’ prior inconsistent testimony could only be considered for impeachment purposes and not as substantive evidence. He further argues that the trial court made a comment that, in effect, adopted the State’s version of the case and assumed his guilt. Finally, Lemons challenges the sentence as exceeding the statutory ceiling for an extended term. On this last point, the State concedes that 14 years is the maximum term that Lemons can be sentenced to under the relevant law.

We affirm the conviction and reduce the sentence to 14 years’ imprisonment.

Background

In the early morning hours of February 17, 1987, Michael McCall left his apartment to investigate after a neighbor told him someone was burglarizing his mother-in-law’s 1971 Chevrolet Impala. He observed the back of a man bent over the steering wheel, noting that he wore a dark, dirty jacket and a half-torn sweatshirt. McCall went back inside his apartment and telephoned police. Shortly thereafter, he saw police cars arrive and saw a man running down an alley.

Officers Michael Decker and Robert Weisskopf arrived on the scene. Weisskopf heard a scraping sound from across the street and slightly behind the burglarized car. He ordered the person to come out from underneath the car. The person was Lemons, who appeared to be intoxicated. Weisskopf found no weapons on him but he did recover a woman’s glove, a man’s glove, and some tools and a flashlight.

McCall and Officer Decker inspected the Impala for damage, noting that a small piece of the steering column was missing and that there were scratch marks on the left side. McCall testified that he noticed tools on the floor of the car, some of which were his and others which were not. Some of his were missing. He also found two children’s coats that were not his, one of his wife’s gloves, and one man’s work glove.

At trial, Weisskopf testified that the two gloves he took from defendant matched two that were in McCall’s car. The woman’s glove was identified as belonging to Theresa McCall. Weisskopf also testified that McCall told him he saw two offenders.

At the preliminary hearing McCall testified first that he saw the police recover the glove from Lemons but admitted that he did not actually see the police take the gloves from Lemons. He stated that he did not have personal knowledge that Lemons was in possession of them. At trial he testified that as Weisskopf led Lemons to the squad car, Weisskopf turned toward Lemons, took something from him, and then showed McCall the woman’s glove. Defense counsel sought to have McCall’s prior statements admitted as substantive evidence. The court refused a modified jury instruction, however, and allowed the statements to be considered only in assessing McCall’s credibility.

Lemons did not testify in his own behalf because his motion in limine to bar use of prior convictions was denied. He presented two defense witnesses, his brother-in-law and a female friend. Sonny Chambers testified that he was with Lemons all day before the incident and that during the approximate time of the burglary, he and Lemons were driving around looking for the address of someone Chambers knew. Lemons jumped out of the car and said he was going to catch a bus because of an argument they were having. Shortly thereafter Chambers heard an alarm, someone hollering, and two gunshots. He saw two people running on the opposite side of the street from where he was and got out of the car to look for Lemons. t

Anna Sanders testified that after his arrest Lemons asked her to take pictures of the burglarized car and six of these were submitted to the jury.

The jury found Lemons not guilty of possession of burglary tools but guilty of burglary of an automobile. The court sentenced him to an extended term of 20 years in prison.

Opinion

I

Lemons first challenges as plain error the admission of Officer Weisskopf’s statement that when he pulled Lemons out from under the car across the street from McCall, McCall said, “That is him.” He contends that McCall did not specifically identify Lemons as the person he saw burglarizing the car. Instead, he testified that the man he saw was big and muscular, and that he did not see Lemons until the police brought him out from under the car across the street. According to Lemons, Weisskopf’s statement violated his sixth amendment right to confront witnesses. He asserts that he was wrongly denied the opportunity to cross-examine the declarant, whose statement was offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted, citing People v. Rogers (1980), 81 Ill. 2d 571, 411 N.E.2d 223. In Rogers the court held that a third person may not testify as to a witness’ identification of the defendant, unless the witness himself first testifies as to his out-of-court identification and is subject to cross-examination.

The State counters that the legislature abridged the rule in Rogers by the enactment of section 115 — 12, of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, which addresses substantive admissibility of prior identification. The section provides:

“A statement is not rendered inadmissible by the hearsay rule if (a) the declarant testifies at the trial or hearing, and (b) the declarant is subject to cross-examination concerning the statement, and (c) the statement is one of identification of a person made after perceiving him.” Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 38, par. 115—12.

In People v. Holveck (1988), 171 Ill. App. 3d 38, 52, 524 N.E.2d 1073, 1083, the court noted that “in response to Rogers the Illinois legislature enacted section 115 — 12.” The Holveck court held that “by the plain terms of this enactment the substantive use of testimony concerning out-of-court identifications is now permissible without regard to the existence of an in-court identification.” (171 Ill. App. 3d at 52, 524 N.E.2d at 1083.) The court also quoted an excerpt from the Handbook of Hlinois Evidence, which included this comment on the admissibility of out-of-court identifications:

“[Pjrovided the declarant testify at trial and be subject to cross-examination concerning the prior statement of identification of a person made after perceiving him, *** declarant’s prior statement of identification is admissible as substantive evidence when testified to by a witness to the identification, such as a police officer, even when the declarant at trial denies making or repudiates the identification and denies that the defendant was involved in the crime.” E. Cleary & M. Graham, Handbook of Illinois Evidence §611.16 at 405-06 (4th ed. 1984).

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Bluebook (online)
549 N.E.2d 800, 192 Ill. App. 3d 997, 140 Ill. Dec. 149, 1989 Ill. App. LEXIS 1989, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-lemons-illappct-1989.